Henry Bradshaw (bibliothécaire)

Henry Bradshaw
Portrait par Hubert von Herkomer
Biographie
Naissance
Décès
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Henry Bradshaw, né le à Londres et mort le à Cambridge, est un érudit et bibliothécaire britannique.

Henry Bradshaw est le fils d'un banquier Joseph Hoare Bradshaw. Il va à Eton et au King's College (Cambridge). Après un bref passage de 1854 à 1856 en tant que maître-assistant au Saint Columba's College de Dublin, il accepte un engagement à la Bibliothèque de l'université de Cambridge.

Travail de bibliographe

Bradshaw abandonne son poste car il trouve que ses fonctions administratives lui prennent trop de temps. Cependant il continue à se consacrer à l'étude des manuscrits et des premiers textes imprimés. À cette époque, la bibliothèque n'avait pas dressé de catalogue complet de ces sections et Bradshaw montrant très tôt des qualités hors norme pour les recherches minutieuse en respectant les vieux livres et les vieux manuscrits.

Textes celtiques et vaudoise

Bradshaw découvre des textes en langues celtiques, notamment en 1857 le Livre de Deer, un manuscrit des Évangiles dans la version de la Vulgate qui comporte des chartes gaéliques. Ce texte est publié en 1869. Bradshaw découvre des inscriptions celtiques inspirées du Evangeliorum libri de Juvencus.

Dans la bibliothèque de Cambridge il fait une découverte importante pour la philologie et l'histoire : Samuel Morland l'ambassadeur de Cromwell a rapporté des manuscrits du Piémont contenant les plus anciens écrits de Vaudois. Ils comportent des traductions de la Bible, des traités de religion et des poèmes. Un poème date du début du XIe siècle alors que les autres manuscrits ne sont pas apparus avant le XVe siècle. À partir de cela, Morland a établi une nouvelle théorie de l'ancienneté de la doctrine vaudoise.

Simonides et Lydgate

En 1862 Konstantinos Simonides, un faussaire, prétend dans The Guardian qu'il est l'auteur du Codex Sinaiticus[1],[2] que Constantin von Tischendorf a redécouvert. Henry Bradshaw défend la découverte du Codex par Tischendorf et rejette les accusations de Simonides. Comme Bradshaw est lié à plusieurs chercheurs de l'époque, son soutien à Tischendorf est déterminant pour dénoncer la supercherie de Simonides[3].

En 1866, il découvre 2 200 vers sur la guerre de Troie provenant du Troy Book de John Lydgate et une Légende des Saints de 40 000 vers. Il attribue par erreur ces poèmes à John Barbour.

Échanges internationaux

À une époque où les catalogues des bibliothèques étaient peu accessibles, Bradshaw joue un rôle important pour fournir des informations sur le lieu de conservation des manuscrits médiévaux. Ewald Flügel, un érudit allemand qui a déménagé de Leipzig à l'Université Stanford le surnomme le bibliothécaire des bibliothécaires[4],[5].

Notes et références

  1. (en) J. K. Elliott, Codex Sinaiticus and the Simonides Affair, Thessaloniki: Patriarchal Institute for Patristic Studies, , p. 16.
  2. (ru) « Странное объявление Симонидеса о Синайском кодексе и ответ Тишендорфа » (consulté le ).
  3. (en) Letters of Constantine Simonides, New York, Grolier Library
  4. (en) Richard Utz, Chaucer and the Discourse of German Philology (Turnhout: Brepols, 2002), p. 103-106
  5. (en) Karl Breul, Henry Bradshaw, Englische Studien 10 (1887), 211-14.

Bibliographie

  • Collected Papers of Henry Bradshaw; comprising 1. 'Memoranda'; 2. 'Communications' read before the Cambridge Antiquarian Society; together with an article contributed to the 'Bibliographer', and two papers not previously published; ed. for the Syndics of the University Press [by Francis Jenkinson]. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1889.
  • Henry Bradshaw's Correspondence on Incunabula with J. W. Holtrop and M. F. A. G. Campbell; edited by Wytze and Lotte Hellinga. 2 vols. Amsterdam: Hertzberger, 1966 [i.e.1968]; A. L. Van Gendt, 1978 (Vol.2: Commentary)
  • Sayle, Charles (1916) A Catalogue of the Bradshaw Collection of Irish Books in the University Library, Cambridge. 3 vols. Cambridge: Printed for the University Library

Liens externes

Source de la traduction

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