Garde royale (royaume de Hollande)

Garde royale
Image illustrative de l’article Garde royale (royaume de Hollande)
Le roi Louis-Napoléon Ier en uniforme de colonel du régiment de cuirassiers de la garde royale, peint en 1809 par Charles Howard Hodges.

Pays Drapeau du Royaume de Hollande Royaume de Hollande
Type Garde
Composée de Régiment de grenadiers
Régiment des gardes à cheval
Ancienne dénomination Garde du grand-pensionnaire (Lijfgarde van de Raadpensionaris)
Guerres Guerres napoléoniennes

La garde royale (Garde van de Koning, garde du roi) est une formation militaire au service du royaume de Hollande. Créée en 1805 pour assurer la protection du grand-pensionnaire de la République batave (Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck)[1], elle devient garde royale en 1806 lorsque Louis Bonaparte devient roi. Elle est intégrée en 1810 dans la garde impériale après l'annexion de la Hollande par le Premier Empire[2].

Histoire

La garde royale n'a jamais été engagée au combat mais a accompagné le roi lors de son commandement à l'Armée du Nord en Allemagne du au [3],[4] et lors de l'invasion de Walcheren en [5].

Composition

Infanterie :

  • Régiment de grenadiers de la garde (1er régiment d'infanterie hollandais), créé en 1805 comme bataillon de grenadiers, devenu régiment en 1806[6] avant de recevoir le numéro 1 cette même année. En 1810, il devient 2e régiment de grenadiers à pied de la garde impériale[7],[8].
  • Régiment de Jägers de la garde, créé en 1805 comme bataillon de Jägers, régiment en 1806 puis transformé en 3e bataillon du régiment de grenadiers de la garde en 1807 et dissous en 1808[8].

Cavalerie :

Artillerie :

  • 1re batterie d'artillerie à pied de la garde[11], créée en 1805[4] et dissoute en 1810[12].

Uniformes

Références

  1. Pawly 2003, p. 3.
  2. Pawly 2003, p. 4.
  3. a b c et d (nl) F.G. de Wilde, « Cavalerie van de Garde tijdens het Koninkrijk Holland 1806-1810 », Armamentaria,‎
  4. a et b (nl) F.G. de Wilde, « Garde-Infanterie tijdens het Koninkrijk Holland 1806-1810 », Armamentaria,‎
  5. Albert Réville, « La Hollande et le Roi Louis Bonaparte: II. Quatre ans de règne », Revue des Deux Mondes, vol. 87, no 4,‎ , p. 845–883 (ISSN 0035-1962, JSTOR 44734693, lire en ligne, consulté le )
  6. Pivka 1980, p. 9.
  7. Pivka 1980, p. 13.
  8. a et b Pivka 1980, p. 17.
  9. Pivka 1980, p. 11.
  10. a et b Pivka 1980, p. 19.
  11. Pivka 1980, p. 15.
  12. Pivka 1980, p. 36.

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

  • (en) Otto von Pivka, Dutch-Belgian Troops of the Napoleonic Wars, Osprey Publishing, coll. « Men-at-Arms » (no 98), , 48 p. (ISBN 9780850453478).
  • (en) Ronald Pawly (ill. Patrice Courcelle), Napoleon's Red Lancers, Osprey Publishing, coll. « Men-at-Arms » (no 389), , 48 p. (ISBN 978-1-84176-508-2).
  • (en) George Street et Karim Van Overmeire, Dutch Troops of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars 1793-1810, , 315 p. (ISBN 9781858186481).

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