Arséniure de zinc

Arséniure de zinc
Image illustrative de l’article Arséniure de zinc
__ Zn2+     __ As3−
Structure cristalline de l'arséniure de zinc
Identification
No CAS 12006-40-5
No ECHA 100.031.338
No CE 234-486-2
PubChem 25147458
SMILES
InChI
Apparence solide gris argenté[1]
Propriétés chimiques
Formule As2Zn3Zn3As2
Masse molaire[2] 345,98 ± 0,06 g/mol
As 43,31 %, Zn 56,7 %,
Propriétés physiques
fusion 1 015 °C[1]
Masse volumique 5,528 g·cm-3[1] à 20 °C
Précautions
SGH[1]
SGH06 : ToxiqueSGH09 : Danger pour le milieu aquatique
Danger
H410, P261, P264, P311, P301+P310, P304+P340 et P403+P233
NFPA 704[1]

Symbole NFPA 704.

 
Transport[1]
-
   1557   
Composés apparentés
Autres cations Arséniure de cadmium
Autres anions Phosphure de zinc

Unités du SI et CNTP, sauf indication contraire.

L'arséniure de zinc est un composé chimique de formule Zn3As2. Il se présente sous la forme d'un solide gris argenté semiconducteur II-V[3] ayant une largeur de bande interdite de 1,0 eV[4].

Il présente une structure cristalline tétragonale centrée de groupe d'espace I41cd (no 110) avec les paramètres cristallins a = 1 178 pm et c = 2 364 pm. Les atomes de zinc occupent trois sites cristallographiques distincts mais sont tous coordonnés aux atomes d'arsenic avec une géométrie tétraédrique tandis que les atomes d'arsenic sont coordonnés chacun à six atomes de zinc. Cette structure est très semblable à celle de l'arséniure de cadmium Cd3As2, du phosphure de zinc Zn3P2 et du phosphure de cadmium Cd3P2, le système quaternaire Zn-Cd-P-As (en) formant des solutions solides continues[5].

D'autres structures sont observées à températures plus élevées[6], une seconde phase tétragonale à 190 °C et une troisième phase à 651 °C[7].

L'arséniure de zinc peut être obtenu en faisant réagir du zinc avec de l'arsenic sous atmosphère d'azote à 700 °C[6] :

3 Zn + 2 As ⟶ Zn3As2.

Il se décompose sous l'action des acides en libérant de l'arsine AsH3[6] :

Zn3As2 + H2SO4 ⟶ 3 ZnSO4 + 2 AsH3.

Dans l'industrie des semiconducteurs, l'arséniure de zinc est utilisé pour le dopage et la production d'arsine[8],[9].

Notes et références

  1. a b c d e et f « Fiche du composé Zinc arsenide, 99.999% (metals basis)  », sur Alfa Aesar (consulté le ).
  2. Masse molaire calculée d’après « Atomic weights of the elements 2007 », sur www.chem.qmul.ac.uk.
  3. (en) Edward D. Palik, Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids, Academic Press, 1998, p. 595. (ISBN 0-12-544423-0)
  4. (en) J. R. Botha, G. J. Scriven, J. A. A. Engelbrecht et A. W. R. Leitch, « Photoluminescence properties of metalorganic vapor phase epitaxial Zn3As2 », Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 86, no 10,‎ , p. 5614-5618 (DOI 10.1063/1.371569, Bibcode 1999JAP....86.5614B, lire en ligne)
  5. (en) V. M. Trukhan, A. D. Izotov et T. V. Shoukavaya, « Compounds and solid solutions of the Zn-Cd-P-As system in semiconductor electronics », Inorganic Materials, vol. 50,‎ , p. 868-873 (DOI 10.1134/S0020168514090143, lire en ligne)
  6. a b et c (de) Georg Brauer, en collaboration avec Marianne Baudler, Handbuch der Präparativen Anorganischen Chemie, 3e éd. révisée, vol. I, 1975, p. 1033. (ISBN 3-432-02328-6)
  7. (en) H. Okamoto, « The As-Zn (arsenic-zinc) system », Journal of Phase Equilibria, vol. 13,‎ , p. 155-161 (DOI 10.1007/BF02667479, lire en ligne)
  8. (en) Jeanne Mager Stellman, Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety: Chemical, industries and occupations, International Labour Organization, 1998, p. 83.24. (ISBN 92-2109816-8)
  9. (en) Anthony C. Jones et Michael L. Hitchman, Chemical Vapour Deposition: Precursors, Processes and Applications, Royal Society of Chemistry, 2009, p. 546. (ISBN 0-85404-465-5)

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