Hyperborea

Tämä artikkeli kertoo kreikkalaisen mytologian maasta. Clark Ashton Smithin kirjasarjasta on erillinen artikkeli.

Hyperborea (m.kreik. Ὑπερβορέα) oli kreikkalaisen mytologian mukaan kaukana pohjoisessa sijaitseva maa, jossa aurinko laski ja nousi vain kerran vuodessa. Hippokrateen mukaan Hyperborea sijaitsi Rhipai-vuorten takana. Rhipai-vuoret olivat pohjoisessa Otavan tai Pohjantähden alla. Boreas eli pohjatuuli saapui Rhipai-vuorilta, mutta vuorten takana oli tyyntä. Muinaistarujen Hyperboreaa on tutkinut Valery Uvarov. selvennä

Hyperboreassa asuivat hyperborealaiset, jotka olivat saaneet nimensä pohjoistuulen mukaan. Heidät yhdistettiin Apollonin ja Artemiin palvontaan.[1] Tarujen mukaan hyperborealaiset asuivat "pohjoistuulen tuolla puolen", maailman laidalla, maassa jossa aurinko paistoi alati. Siellä he elivät täydellisen onnellisina, ja Apollon vietti talvet heidän kanssaan. Myös Herakles ja Perseus vierailivat hyperborealaisten luona.[2] Paratiisissaan hyperborealaiset elivät tuhatvuotiaiksi. Herodotoksen mukaan useita hyperborealaisia neitsyitä lähetettiin Deloksen temppeliin mukanaan uhrilahjoja. Neidot kuitenkin kuolivat, kun uhrit oli toimitettu. Sen jälkeen hyperborealaiset käärivät uhrilahjansa olkiin ja pyysivät naapurikansoja toimittamaan ne eteenpäin.[1] Hyperborealaisten ajateltiin olevan Apollonin suosikkeja, jotka elivät rauhallista ja onnellista elämää vapaana taudeista, eripuraisuudesta ja kärsimyksistä.[3] Muun muassa Herodotoksen mukaan hyperborealaiset olivat arvossa pidettyjä ja rauhallisia. Joidenkin mukaan hyperborealaiset olivat iloisia ja oikeamielisiä ja saavuttivat pitkän iän. He asuivat metsissä ja lehdoissa. Hyperboreassa sijaitsi myös Apollonin pyhä lehto.

Katso myös

Lähteet

  1. ↑ a b Hyperborean Encyclopaedia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. Viitattu 4.12.2013. (englanti)
  2. ↑ Micha F. Lindemans: Hyperboreans Encyclopedia Mythica from Encyclopedia Mythica Online. Arkistoitu 8.10.2013. Viitattu 4.12.2013. (englanti)
  3. ↑ Otavan iso tietosanakirja, 3. osa, artikkeli Hyperborealaiset

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