Eurooppalainen rikosrekisteritietojärjestelmä

Eurooppalainen rikosrekisteritietojärjestelmä (engl. European Criminal Records Information System, ECRIS) on huhtikuussa 2012 käyttöön otettu hajautettu tietojenvaihtojärjestelmä, joka mahdollistaa tehokkaan tietojenvaihdon annetuista rikostuomioista Euroopan unionin jäsenvaltioiden kesken. Järjestelmän avulla tuomarit, syyttäjät ja hallintoviranomaiset voivat saada kattavat tiedot kaikkien unionin kansalaisten rikostuomioista riippumatta siitä, missä jäsenvaltiossa tuomiot on annettu. Kukin jäsenvaltio tallentaa omien kansalaistensa rikosrekisteritiedot kansalliseen tietokantaansa, ja pyydettäessä toimittaa ne muille jäsenvaltioille.[1]

Järjestelmä oli aiemmin kolmansien maiden kansalaisten osalta puutteellinen, joten huhtikuussa 2019 siihen päätettiin lisätä keskitetty tietokanta, johon on koottu tietoja kolmansien maiden kansalaisten ja kansalaisuudettomien henkilöiden rikostuomioista (ns. ECRIS-TCN-järjestelmä). Järjestelmän avulla voidaan tehokkaammin selvittää, onko jollain EU-maalla rikosrekisteritietoja EU:n ulkopuolisen maan kansalaisesta, joka on parhaillaan rikosoikeudellisen menettelyn tai taustatarkastuksen kohteena.[2][3]

Järjestelmä luotiin, koska oli tarve parantaa rikosrekistereitä koskevaa EU:n laajuista tietojenvaihtoa. ECRIS-järjestelmää käytetään noin kolme miljoonaa kertaa vuodessa tietojen vaihtamiseksi aiemmista rikosoikeudellisista tuomioista.[4]

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