Daktyylinen heksametri

Daktyylinen heksametri on antiikin kreikkalaisesta metriikasta peräisin oleva runomitta, jossa heksametrisäkeet koostuvat kuudesta daktyylisestä metronista. Daktyylistä heksametriä käytettiin sekä kreikkalaisessa että latinankielisessä kirjallisuudessa erityisesti eeppisessä ja didaktisessa runoudessa. Siksi sitä kutsutaan myös eeppiseksi runomitaksi.

Tunnettuja daktyylisessä heksametrissä kirjoitettuja teoksia ovat muun muassa Homeroksen eepokset Ilias ja Odysseia, Hesiodoksen Jumalten synty ja Työt ja päivät, Vergiliuksen Aeneis ja Ovidiuksen Muodonmuutoksia. Kreikkalaisessa kirjallisuudessa daktyylisen heksametrin käyttö liittyi läheisesti yhteen homeerisen kreikan käytön kanssa.

Kaava

Runomitan säkeen peruskaava on ( = lyhyt tavu, = pitkä tavu, = anceps eli lyhyt tai pitkä tavu):[1][2]

 |  |  |  |  | 

Daktyylisessä heksametrissä kahden lyhyen tavun yhdistelmä voidaan myös korvata yhdellä pitkällä tavulla neljässä ensimmäisessä metronissa, jotka voivat siis olla joko daktyyleja tai spondeita . Viides metron on aina daktyyli ja kuudes on aina spondee tai trokee (eli kyseessä on tarkasti ottaen daktyylinen katalektinen heksametri). Tämä vakioloppu tuo heksametriin sen heksametrimäisen rytmin.

Esimerkkejä

Esimerkki 1

Homeroksen Iliaan alku:

μῆνιν ἄειδε θεὰ Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος
οὐλομένην, ἣ μυρί’ Ἀχαιοῖς ἄλγε’ ἔθηκε,
πολλὰς δ’ ἰφθίμους ψυχὰς Ἄϊδι προΐαψεν
ἡρώων, αὐτοὺς δὲ ἑλώρια τεῦχε κύνεσσιν
οἰωνοῖσί τε πᾶσι, Διὸς δ’ ἐτελείετο βουλή,
ἐξ οὗ δὴ τὰ πρῶτα διαστήτην ἐρίσαντε
Ἀτρεΐδης τε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν καὶ δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς.[3]
mēnin a|eide the|a Pē|lēïade|ō Akhi|lēos
ūlomenēn, | hē myri’ A|khaiois | alge’ e|thēke,
pollas | d’ ifthi|mūs psy|khas Aϊ|di proï|apsen
hērō|ōn, au|tūs de he|lōria | teukhe ky|nessin
oiō|noisi te |pasi, Di|os d’ ete|leieto | būlē,
eks hū | dē ta | prōta di|astē|tēn eri|sante
Atreï|dēs te a|naks and|rōn kai | dios A|khilleus.
 |  |  |  |  | 
 |  |  |  |  | 
 |  |  |  |  | 
 |  |  |  |  | 
 |  |  |  |  | 
 |  |  |  |  | 
 |  |  |  |  | 

Suomennos samassa runomitassa:

Laulaos, | oi runo|tar, viha | Peleun | poian A|khilleun
turmio|kas, mi a|khaijeja | löi luke|mattomin | tuskin,
monta mi | Hadeen | luo väki|voipaa | sielua | syöksi
sankari|en, heist' | itses|tään teki | koirien | riistan,
lintujen | eineen | — Zeun sepä | täyttihe | neuvo ja | päätös,
kerta kun | ensis|tään sopu|rikkoon | Atreun | poika,
miesten | valtias, | riitau|tui sekä | aimo A|khilleus.[3]
 |  |  |  |  | 
 |  |  |  |  | 
 |  |  |  |  | 
 |  |  |  |  | 
 |  |  |  |  | 
 |  |  |  |  | 
 |  |  |  |  | 

Esimerkki 2

Vergiliuksen Aeneiksen alku:

Arma vi|rumque ca|no, Tro|iae qui | primus ab | oris
Itali|am, fa|to profu|gus, La|viniaque | venit
litora, | multum il|le et ter|ris iac|tatus et | alto
vi supe|rum sae|vae memo|rem Iu|nonis ob | iram;[4]

Suomennos samassa runomitassa:

Taistelut | kerron ja | sen, mikä | mies pako|laisena | Troijan
mailtaan | Itali|aan tuli | kohtalon | tuomana | ensin,
paljon | kärsiä | sai ula|palla ja | maissa, kun | taivas
vaati ja | leppymä|tön oli | Junon | kauhea | kiukku.[5]

Lähteet

  1. Castrén, Paavo & Pietilä-Castrén, Leena: ”Metriikka, metron”, Antiikin käsikirja, s. 341–342. Helsinki: Otava, 2000. ISBN 951-1-12387-4
  2. Kaimio, Maarit & Sironen, Erkki: Kreikkalaisen metriikan alkeet. Klassillisen filologian laitos, Helsingin yliopisto, 1982/2002.
  3. a b Homeros: Ilias I.1–7. Suomennos Otto Manninen.
  4. Vergilius: Aeneis 1.1.1–4.
  5. Suomennos Alpo Rönty. Teoksessa Aeneis. Helsinki: Loki-Kirjat, 2000. ISBN 952-9646-88-7

Read other articles:

سكينة الثانية سكينه دو  - قرية -  تقسيم إداري البلد  إيران[1] المحافظة محافظة خوزستان المقاطعة إقليم الأحواز قسم الناحية المركزية لمقاطعة الأهواز التقسيم الإداري الإيراني قسم إسماعيلية الريفي إحداثيات 31°15′36″N 48°28′33″E / 31.26°N 48.47583°E / 31.26; 48.47583 ال

 

This article uses bare URLs, which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot. Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style. Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting, such as reFill (documentation) and Citation bot (documentation). (August 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this ...

 

Neve 8078 personnalisé dans le studio The Way Recording Studio London La Neve 8078 est la dernière des consoles de mixage analogiques filaires 80 series conçues et fabriquées par Neve Electronics. Cette console fut créée en 1961 par l'ingénieur électronique anglais Rupert Neve pour les studios d'enregistrement haut de gamme des années 1970. Certaines ont été construites entièrement sur mesure pour de grands studios comme CBS Sony. La rareté de ces consoles les rend assez précieu...

Карельская Автономная Советская Социалистическая РеспубликаKarjalan autonominen sosialistinen neuvostotasavaltaRepública Socialista Soviética Autônoma da Carélia República Autônoma da União Soviética do(a) RSFS da Rússia ←  ←  ←  ←  1923–19401956–1991 →  → Bandeira Brasão República da Carélia no mapa da União Soviética em 1940 Capital Petrozavodsk Governo Repúb...

 

TerpanaPoster filmSutradara Richard Oh Produser Richard Oh Frederica Ditulis oleh Richard Oh PemeranRaline Shah, Fachri Albar, Poppy Sovia, Reza RahadianPenata musikAghi NarottamaPerusahaanproduksiMetafor PicturesDistributorMetafor PicturesTanggal rilis2016Negara IndonesiaBahasa Indonesia Terpana adalah sebuah film romantis karya Richard Oh yang dirilis tahun 2016. Film ini menampilkan Fachri Albar dan Raline Shah sebagai pemeran utama. Sinopsis Menceritakan kehidupan seorang wanit...

 

Brigade Sheikh Omar Hadid(Arab: لواء الشيخ عمر حديد)Panji hitam ISILPemimpinAbu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi (Oktober 2019-) (ISIL)Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi (Juni 2014-Oktober 2019) (ISIL)Yunis Hunnar (Mei–Juni 2015)Pemimpin tidak diketahui (Juni 2015–)Waktu operasi31 Mei 2015–kiniWilayah operasi Jalur Gaza Yerusalem TimurIdeologiJihadisme salafi[1][2]Pan-Islamisme[3]Jumlah anggota~200 (2015)[4]Bagian dari Negara IslamS...

Wakil Bupati Nagan RayaPetahanaH. Chalidin Oesman, S.E., M.M.sejak 9 Oktober 2017Masa jabatan5 tahunDibentuk2007Pejabat pertamaM. Kasem Ibrahim, B.Sc.Situs webwww.naganrayakab.go.id Berikut ini adalah daftar Wakil Bupati Nagan Raya dari masa ke masa. No Wakil Bupati Mulai Jabatan Akhir Jabatan Prd. Ket. Bupati 1 M. Kasem IbrahimB.Sc. 30 Maret 2007 30 Maret 2012 1   Drs. H.Teuku Zulkarnaini Jabatan kosong 4 April 2012 8 Oktober 2012 -   H.AzwirS.Sos.(Penjabat) 2 H. M.Jamin Idham...

 

2005 studio album by Keke WyattEmotional RollercoasterStudio album by Keke WyattReleased2005Recorded2004–2005GenreR&BLabel Cash Money Records Universal Motown Records Keke Wyatt chronology Soul Sista(2001) Emotional Rollercoaster(2005) Who Knew?(2010) Singles from Emotional Rollercoaster Put Your Hands On MeReleased: May 31, 2005[1] Emotional Rollercoaster is the unreleased second studio album by American R&B recording artist Keke Wyatt. The album was planned to be r...

 

Part of the Korean War Battle of KyongjuPart of the Battle of Pusan PerimeterMen of K Company, US 21st Infantry under mortar attack on Hill 99, September 2.DateAugust 27 – September 12, 1950LocationKyongju, South Korea35°51′N 129°13′E / 35.850°N 129.217°E / 35.850; 129.217Result United Nations victoryBelligerents  United Nations  United States  South Korea  North KoreaCommanders and leaders John B. Coulter John H. Church Kim Hong-il Kim Pa...

This article is about the fortress in Croatia. For other uses, see Ostrovica (disambiguation). Ostrovica FortressOstrovica, Zadar County,Croatia Steep rock with remains of the former fortressOstrovica FortressCoordinates43°57′32″N 15°47′37″E / 43.958889°N 15.793611°E / 43.958889; 15.793611TypeHilltop castleSite informationControlled byŠubić noble family(until 1347) ,king Louis I Angevin(1347–1382) ,various other proprietorsin shorter periods of tim...

 

American basketball player (born 1954) Kent BensonBenson in 1976Personal informationBorn (1954-12-27) December 27, 1954 (age 68)New Castle, Indiana, U.S.Listed height6 ft 11 in (2.11 m)Listed weight235 lb (107 kg)Career informationHigh schoolChrysler (New Castle, Indiana)CollegeIndiana (1973–1977)NBA draft1977: 1st round, 1st overall pickSelected by the Milwaukee BucksPlaying career1977–1989PositionCenterNumber54Career history1977–1980Milwaukee Bucks1980–...

 

Peta lokasi republik-republik Asia Tengah Republik-republik Asia Tengah terdiri dari enam negara yang terletak di Asia Tengah yang juga bekas republik-republik Soviet, kecuali Mongolia. Mereka adalah: Afganistan Kazakhstan Kirgiztan Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Republik-republik Asia Tengah kadang-kadang disebut 'Asia Tengah', meski istilah tersebut lebih diperuntukkan bagi kawasan geografis yang lebih besar di dalam benua Asia.

It is proposed that this article be deleted because of the following concern:No indication of notability. Orphaned for a decade. (proposed by Pepperbeast) If you can address this concern by improving, copyediting, sourcing, renaming, or merging the page, please edit this page and do so. You may remove this message if you improve the article or otherwise object to deletion for any reason. Although not required, you are encouraged to explain why you object to the deletion, either in yo...

 

Mosque in Veria, Central Macedonia, Greece Orta MosqueΟρτά ΤζαμίReligionAffiliationIslamLocationLocationVeria, Central Macedonia, GreeceShown within GreeceGeographic coordinates40°31′17″N 22°12′03″E / 40.521286°N 22.200929°E / 40.521286; 22.200929ArchitectureTypemosqueStyleOttomanDate established1490 The Orta Mosque (Greek: Ορτά Τζαμί, from the Turkish, meaning Middle Mosque) is a late 15th-century Ottoman mosque in the northern Greek city...

 

NSH Mountain Gold Timika2023 IBL IndonesiaLigaIBL (sebelumnya NBL) (2011–present)Dibentuk1994SejarahNSH GMC Jakarta (1994–2015) NSH Jakarta (2015–2020) NSH Mountain Gold Timika (2020–Present)LetakTimika, PapuaWarna tim       Manajer umum Ronaldo OmalengManajer tim Yusuf Arlan RuslimPelatih kepala Anthony GarbelottoJuara0Situs webhttps://iblindonesia.com/profile/team Home Away Alternate NSH Mountain Gold Timika adalah tim bola basket yang berbasis di Timika, Papua, ...

STS-72 Эмблема Общие сведения Организация НАСА Полётные данные корабля Название корабля STS-72 Ракета-носитель спейс-шаттл Орбитальный модуль «Индевор» Полёт шаттла № 74 Полёт «Индевор» № 10 Стартовая площадка мыс Канаверал LC39-B Запуск 11 января 1996 09:41:00 UTC Посадка корабля 20 янв...

 

Commune and town in Boumerdès Province, AlgeriaSi-MustaphaCommune and townCountry AlgeriaProvinceBoumerdès ProvincePopulation (1998) • Total9,015Time zoneUTC+1 (CET) Si-Mustapha is a town and commune in the Isser District of Boumerdès Province, Algeria. According to the 1998 census it has a population of 9,015.[1] Previously named Blad Guitoune (land of the tent), it was renamed Félix-Faure in 1899 during the colonial period, after the former French president...

 

Spanish table tennis player In this Catalan name, the first or paternal surname is Morales and the second or maternal family name is Garcia; both are generally joined by the conjunction i. Jordi MoralesPersonal informationFull nameJordi Morales GarcíaNationalitySpanishBorn (1985-11-17) 17 November 1985 (age 38)Esparreguera, SpainSportCountrySpainSportTable tennis Medal record Table tennis Representing  Spain Paralympic Games 2012 London Team Class 6-8 2004 Athens Class...

العلاقات السلوفاكية الميكرونيسية سلوفاكيا ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة   سلوفاكيا   ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات السلوفاكية الميكرونيسية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين سلوفاكيا وولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة.[1][2][3][4&#...

 

American politician (born 1953) Ken CalvertMember of theU.S. House of Representativesfrom CaliforniaIncumbentAssumed office January 3, 1993Preceded byNew constituency (redistricting)Constituency43rd district (1993–2003)44th district (2003–2013)42nd district (2013–2023)41st district (2023–present) Personal detailsBornKenneth Stanton Calvert (1953-06-08) June 8, 1953 (age 70)Corona, California, U.S.Political partyRepublicanEducationChaffey College (AA)San Diego State University...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!