BINAP

BINAP
Tunnisteet
IUPAC-nimi 2,2'-bis(difenyylifosfino)-1,1'-binaftyyli
CAS-numero (R)
76189-56-5 (S) 76189-55-4 (R)
76189-56-5 (S)
PubChem CID 634876
SMILES C1=CC=C(C=C1)P(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=C(C4=CC=CC=C4C=C3)
C5=C(C=CC6=CC=CC=C65)P(C7=CC=CC=C7)C8=CC=CC=C8[1]
Ominaisuudet
Molekyylikaava C44H32P2
Moolimassa 622,636 g/mol
Sulamispiste 241–242 °C[2]
Liukoisuus veteen Ei liukene veteen

BINAP eli 2,2'-bis(difenyylifosfino)-1,1'-binaftyyli (C44H32P2) on orgaaninen yhdiste, joka kuuluu organofosfiineihin. BINAPia käytetään ligandina useissa asymmetrisissä synteeseissä käytettävissä katalyyteissä.

Ominaisuudet

Huoneenlämpötilassa BINAP on valkoinen kiinteä ja kiteinen aine. Yhdiste ei liukene veteen, mutta liukenee orgaanisiin liuottimiin kuten alkoholeihin, dietyylieetteriin, bentseeniin, tetrahydrofuraaniin ja dikloorimetaaniin.[2][3] BINAP on optisesti aktiivinen yhdiste ja sillä on R- ja S-isomeerit, vaikka yhdisteellä ei olekaan asymmetristä kiraliakeskusta. BINAP on yksi yhdisteistä, jotka ovat optisesti aktiivisia johtuen aksiaalisesta epäsymmetriasta[4].

Valmistus ja käyttö

Optisesti puhdasta BINAP:ia voidaan valmistaa resoluutiolla kamferisulfonihapolla yhdisteen oksidista BINAPO:sta, joka pelkistetään BINAP:iksi trikloorisilaanin avulla.[3][4] Muita tapoja ovat nikkelikatalysoitu 1,1'-Bi-2-naftolista muodostetun triflaatin reaktio trifenyylifosfiinin kanssa. Reaktiossa vaaditaan katalyytiksi myös jotain emästä ja tyypillisimmin käytetty on DABCO.[2]

BINAP on hyvin usein käytetty kiraalinen ligandi asymmetrisissä reaktioissa. BINAP:in ja ruteenin tai rodiumin komplekseja käytetään katalyytteinä asymmetrisissä vedytysreaktioissa ja ne ovat hyvin tehokkaita erityisesti allyylisten alkoholien ja α,β-tyydyttymättömien karboksyyliyhdisteiden asymmetrisissä vedytyksissä. Teollisuudessa ruteenin ja BINAP:in komplekseja käytetään runsaasti muun muassa L-mentolin synteesiin. Palladiumin ja BINAP:in komplekseja käytetään katalyytteinä kytkentäreaktioissa, joissa muodostuu uusia hiiliatomien välisiä sidoksia.[4][2][5]

Lähteet

  1. BINAP, 2-naphthol – Substance summary PubChem. NCBI. Viitattu 14.5.2014.
  2. a b c d Leo A. Paquette: Handbook of reagents for organic synthesis, s. 128-131. John Wiley and Sons, 1999. ISBN 978-0-470-85625-3 Kirja Googlen teoshaussa (viitattu 14.5.2014). (englanniksi)
  3. a b Masato Kitamura, Ryoji Noyori, M. Tsukamoto & M. Kitamura: (R)- & (S)-2,2′-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl, e-EROS Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2005. Teoksen verkkoversio Viitattu 14.5.2014
  4. a b c Jonathan Clayden, Nick Greeves, Stuart Warren: Organic Chemistry, s. 1119. Oxford University Press, 2012. ISBN 978-0-19-927029-3 (englanniksi)
  5. Arno Behr: Catalysis, Homogeneous, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2010. Viitattu 14.5.2014

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