بوم‌شناسی بازسازی

بازسازی تالاب تازه ساخته‌شده در استرالیا در مکانی که در گذشته برای کشاورزی استفاده می‌شد.

بوم‌شناسی بازسازی (به انگلیسی: Restoration ecology)، یک مطالعه علمی است که از عمل بازسازی بوم‌شناختی (Ecological restoration) پشتیبانی می‌کند، که عبارت از نوسازی و بازسازی بوم‌سازگان‌ها و زیستگاه‌های دگرگون‌شده، آسیب‌دیده یا تخریب‌شده در محیط با دخالت فعال انسان است. بازسازی مؤثر نیازمند یک هدف یا روش صریح است، ترجیحاً یک هدف بدون ابهام که بیان‌شده، پذیرفته‌شده و تدوین‌شده باشد. هدف‌های بازسازی منعکس‌کننده انتخاب‌های اجتماعی از میان اولویت‌های سیاستی است که رقیب یکدیگر هستند، اما استخراج چنین هدف‌هایی معمولاً بحث‌برانگیز و از نظر سیاسی چالش‌برانگیز است.[۱]

بازسازی بوم‌سازگان برای طوطی والا در یک خط ریلی متروکه در استرالیا

دلایل بنیادی

دلایل زیادی برای بازسازی اکوسیستم‌ها وجود دارد. برخی عبارتند از:

  • بازسازی سرمایه‌های طبیعی مانند آب آشامیدنی یا جمعیت حیات وحش
  • کمک به جوامع انسانی و اکوسیستم‌هایی که به آنها وابسته هستند تا با تأثیر تغییرهای آب و هوایی سازگار شوند (از طریق سازگاری مبتنی بر اکوسیستم)
  • کاهش گرمایش (به عنوان مثال از طریق ترسیب کربن)[۲]
  • کمک به گونه‌های در حال انقراض یا در خطر انقراض[۳]
  • دلایل زیبایی‌شناختی[۴]
  • دلایل اخلاقی: مداخله انسان به‌طور غیرطبیعی بسیاری از زیستگاه‌ها را از بین برده‌است و وظیفه ذاتی برای بازسازی این زیستگاه‌های تخریب‌شده وجود دارد.
  • استفاده/برداشت تنظیم‌شده، به ویژه برای زندگی روزمره[۵]
  • ارتباط فرهنگی اکوسیستم‌های بومی با مردم بومی[۵]
  • بهداشت محیطی جمعیت‌های پیرامون[۶]

جستارهای وابسته

منابع

  1. Lackey, Robert (2004). "Societal values and the proper role of restoration ecologists" (PDF). Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 22 (4): 45–46.
  2. Strassburg, Bernardo B. N.; Iribarrem, Alvaro; Beyer, Hawthorne L.; Cordeiro, Carlos Leandro; Crouzeilles, Renato; Jakovac, Catarina C.; Braga Junqueira, André; Lacerda, Eduardo; Latawiec, Agnieszka E. (2020-10-14). "Global priority areas for ecosystem restoration". Nature (به انگلیسی). 586 (7831): 724–729. Bibcode:2020Natur.586..724S. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2784-9. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 33057198. {{cite journal}}: |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  3. Silva, S. , Lowry, M. , Macaya-Solis, C. , Byatt, B. , & Lucas, M. C. (2017). Can navigation locks be used to help migratory fishes with poor swimming performance pass tidal barrages? A test with lampreys. Ecological engineering, 102, 291-302
  4. Harris JA, Hobbs RJ, Higgs ES, Aronson JA (2006). "Ecological restoration and climate change". Restoration Ecology. 14 (2): 170–76. doi:10.1111/j.1526-100x.2006.00136.x.
  5. ۵٫۰ ۵٫۱ Baldy, Cutcha Risling (December 2013). "Why we gather: traditional gathering in native Northwest California and the future of bio-cultural sovereignty". Ecological Processes. 2 (1). doi:10.1186/2192-1709-2-17. ISSN 2192-1709.
  6. Wendelowski, Karyn I. (1995). "A Matter of Trust: Federal Environmental Responsibilities to Native Americans under Customary International Law". American Indian Law Review. 20 (2): 423–458. doi:10.2307/20068803. ISSN 0094-002X. JSTOR 20068803.

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