فضاپزشکی

از ناسا دنیل سی بربنک (در پس‌زمینه) و آنتون شکاپلروف از روسیه، در یک تمرین شبیه‌سازی شدهٔ پزشکی در آزمایشگاه آزمایشگاه سرنوشت ایستگاه فضایی بین‌المللی شرکت می‌کنند. این تمرین اعضای خدمه را به عنوان عضو یک تیم برای رویارویی با یک اورژانس پزشکی آماده می‌کند.[۱]

فضاپزشکی (به انگلیسی: Space medicineکاربرد و به‌کارگیری پزشکی برای فضانوردان در فضای بیرونی است در حالی که بهداشت فضانوردی استفاده از علم و فناوری در راه پیشگیری یا کنترل قرار گرفتن در معرض خطرهایی است که ممکن است سبب بیماری فضانورد شود. این دو دانش با هم و در کنار هم تلاش می‌کنند اطمینان حاصل شود که فضانوردان در یک محیط امن کار می‌کنند. هدف اصلی این است که روشن شود که چگونه به خوبی، و برای چه مدتی انسان می‌تواند شرایط شدید در فضا را برای زنده ماندن تحمل کند، و تا چه انداره سریع آنها می‌توانند پس از بازگشت از سفر، خود را به محیط زیست زمین دوباره وفق دهند. عواقب پزشکی مانند اختلال بینایی و پوکی استخوان با پرواز فضایی انسان در ارتباط بوده‌است.[۲][۳]

در اکتبر ۲۰۱۵، «دفتر بازرسی کل ناسا» گزارشی دربارهٔ خطرات مربوط به اکتشافات فضایی برای سلامت انسان، از جمله مأموریت انسانی به مریخ، صادر کرد.[۴][۵]

پیشینه

دکتر هوبرتوس اشتروهلد (۱۸۹۸ تا ۱۹۸۷)، پزشک نازی سابق و فیزیولوژیست، که پس از جنگ جهانی دوم به عنوان بخشی از عملیات گیره کاغذ به ایالات متحده آورده شد.[۶] او کسی است که برای اولین بار اصطلاح «فضاپزشکی» را در سال ۱۹۴۸ به کار برد و او اولین و تنها استاد پزشکی فضایی در دانشکدهٔ پزشکی هواپیمایی کشوری (SAM) در پایگاه هوایی رندالف، در تگزاس بود.

جستارهای وابسته

منابع

Notes
  1. "International Space Station Medical Monitoring (ISS Medical Monitoring)". 3 December 2013. Retrieved January 13, 2014.
  2. Chang, Kenneth (January 27, 2014). "Beings Not Made for Space". New York Times. Retrieved January 27, 2014.
  3. Mann, Adam (July 23, 2012). "Blindness, Bone Loss, and Space Farts: Astronaut Medical Oddities". Wired. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
  4. Dunn, Marcia (October 29, 2015). "Report: NASA needs better handle on health hazards for Mars". AP News. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
  5. Staff (October 29, 2015). "NASA's Efforts to Manage Health and Human Performance Risks for Space Exploration (IG-16-003)" (PDF). NASA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 اكتبر 2022. Retrieved October 29, 2015. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)
  6. Andrew Walker (21 November 2005). "Project Paperclip: Dark side of the Moon". BBC News. Retrieved 2012-04-25.
Sources
  • Altitude Decompression Sickness Susceptibility, MacPherson, G; Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Volume 78, Number 6, June 2007, pp. 630–631(2)
  • Decision Analysis in Aerospace Medicine: Costs and Benefits of a Hyperbaric Facility in Space, John-Baptiste, A; Cook, T; Straus, S; Naglie, G; et al. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Volume 77, Number 4, April 2006, pp. 434–443(10)
  • Incidence of Adverse Reactions from 23,000 Exposures to Simulated Terrestrial Altitudes up to 8900 m, DeGroot, D; Devine JA; Fulco CS; Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Volume 74, Number 9, September 2003, pp. 994–997(4)

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