McNemar-en test

Estatistikan, Mcnemar-en testa hipotesi kontraste ez parametrikoa da, datu dependenteko 2*2 kontigentzia tauletan bi aldagai koalitatiboetako bazter maiztasunak berdinak diren erabakitzeko. Quinn McNemar estatistikariak asmatu zuen 1947. urtean. Eskuarki, medikuntzan, psikologian eta biologian erabiltzen da, banako jakin batzuetarako tratamendu bat aurretik eta ondoren emaitza berdinak ematen ote dituen erabakitzeko.

Adibidez, auto gidari jakin batzuen gainean azken urtebetean istripuren bat izan duten edo ez jaso da. Segurtasunerako ikastaro bat jaso ondoren, gidari berdinei hurrengo urtean istripuren bat izan duten edo ez ere jaso da. Emaitzak kontingentzia taula honetan azaltzen dira:

Ondoren istripua bai Ondoren istripua ez
Aurretik istripua bai a b
Aurretik istripua ez c d

Ikastaroak nolabaiteko eragina izan duen erabakitzeko, McNemar-en testak b eta c maiztasunetan oinarritzen da. Estatistiko hau kalkulatzen da:

0.5eko faktorea jarraitasun zuzenketa egiteko sartzen da eta banako kopurua 30 baino txikiagoa denean erabiltzen da.

Erabilitako estatistikoa khi-karratu banaketaren arabera banatzen da, aurretik eta ondoren ezberdintasunik ez dagoela hipotesi nuluaren pean:

Hipotesi nulua b eta c nabarmen ezberdinak direnean baztertuko da. Zehatzago, aukeratu ohi den adierazgarritasun maila %5 izanik, hipotesi nulua ukatzen da hau betetzen denean:

Kanpo estekak

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