Tšehhi keskmäestik

Tšehhi keskmäestiku asukoht Tšehhimaal (tähistatud punasega)
Tšehhi keskmäestik Litvínovi lähistel

Tšehhi keskmäestik (tšehhi keeles České středohoří) on vulkaanilise päritoluga mäestik Tšehhi põhjaosas, mis on osa Maagimäestikust. Mäestiku kõrgeim tipp on Milešovka (857 m).

Mäestik ulatub Česká Lípast kirdes Lounyni edelas, olles ligi 70 kilomeetri pikkune. Seda poolitab Elbe jõgi. Elbe jõe orus Děčínis asub ka mäestiku madalaim punkt (121,9 m). Mäestik on vulkaanilist päritolu ja seda iseloomustavad teravatipulised mäed. Maastikurajooni pindala on 1,266 km².

Geograafia

Mäestik jääb Elbe vesikonda. Elbe orus on erosiooni tagajärjel tekkinud mitu juga, mis pole aga kõrgemad kui 12 meetrit. Metsade all on 28,4 % mäestikust.

Tšehhi keskmäestikku jäävad linnadest Děčín, Verneřice, Třebenice, Teplice, Žandov, Benešov nad Ploučnicí, Trmice, Litoměřice, Most, Bílina, Česká Kamenice, Jílové, Kamenický Šenov, Ústí nad Labem ja Úštěk.

Maastikurajoonid

Tšehhi keskmäestikus eristatakse kaht piirkonda. Verneřice keskmäestik on kirdepoolsem osa, kuhu jääb ka mäestiku madalaim punkt. Seal eristatakse nelja alamregiooni. Benešovi keskmäestiku kõrgeimaks tipuks on Medvědí hůrka (643 m), Buková hora keskmäestiku kõrgeimaks kohaks on Buková hora mäetipp (683 m), Ústí keskmäestiku kõrgeimaks tipuks on aga Javorský vrch (617 m). Verneřice keskmäestiku kõrgeim osa on Litoměřice keskmäestik, mille kõrgeim tipp Sedlo ulatub 726 meetrit üle merepinna.[1]

Edelapoolne osa kannab nime Milešovka keskmäestik, mille keskmine kõrgus on 331,7 meetrit.[2] Ka seal eristatakse nelja alamregiooni. Bořeňi keskmäestiku kõrgeimaks kohaks on Bořeňi mäetipp (539 m), Teplice keskmäestiku kõrgeimaks kohaks on Štrbický vrch (475 m), Raná keskmäestiku kõrgeimaks punktiks on Milá (510 m). Milešovka keskmäestiku kõrgeim osa on Kostomlaty keskmäestik, mille kõrgeim tipp Milešovka on ka mäestiku kõrgeim tipp.[3] Sellesse piirkonda jääb ka Porta Bohemica.[4]

Geoloogia

Mäestik tekkis tänu Ohře riftile. Rifti servadel arenes vulkanism, mis pani aluse mäestikule. Vulkaanilistest kivimitest valdab trahhüüt, vähemal määral on ka andesiiti.[5] Piirkonnas on sagedased lakoliidid. Vulkanism leidis piirkonnas aset pliotseenis ja miotseenis.

Valdavad siiski settekivimid, eriti liivakivi. Plešiveci küla jurues leidub pruunsütt. Třebívlice küla juurest on leitud granaate ja ka kolm teemanti.[6]

Viited

  1. BÍNA, Jan; DEMEK, Jaromír. Z nížin do hor. Praha: Academia, 2012. ISBN 978-80-200-2026-0. Lk. 111.
  2. Zeměpisný lexikon ČR. Hory a nížiny. Příprava vydání Jaromír Demek, Peter Mackovčin. 2. vyd. Brno: Agentura ochrany přírody a krajiny ČR, 2006. ISBN 80-86064-99-9. Lk. 296.
  3. BÍNA, Jan; DEMEK, Jaromír. Z nížin do hor. Praha: Academia, 2012. ISBN 978-80-200-2026-0. Lk. 112.
  4. KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ, Petra. Krajinná diagnóza Českého středohoří. Straškov, Vodochody: Podripsko.cz, 2002-04-06
  5. GREGOROVÁ, M.. Andezit, Poznávání hornin. petrol.sci.muni.cz, 2002.
  6. "Arhiivikoopia". Originaali arhiivikoopia seisuga 11. aprill 2021. Vaadatud 2. aprillil 2021.{{netiviide}}: CS1 hooldus: arhiivikoopia kasutusel pealkirjana (link)

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