UEFA Women's Euro 2013

UEFA Women's Euro 2013
Europamästerskapet i fotboll för damer 2013
Tournament details
Host countrySweden
Dates10–28 July
Teams12
Venue(s)7 (in 7 host cities)
Final positions
Champions Germany (8th title)
Runners-up Norway
Tournament statistics
Matches played25
Goals scored56 (2.24 per match)
Attendance216,888 (8,676 per match)
Top scorer(s)Sweden Lotta Schelin (5 goals)
Best player(s)Germany Nadine Angerer[1]
← 2009
2017 →

The 2013 UEFA Women's Championship, commonly referred to as Women's Euro 2013, was the 11th European Championship for women's national football teams organised by UEFA. The final tournament, held in Sweden from 10 to 28 July 2013,[2] became the most-watched in the history of the Women's Euros.[3] It concluded with Germany, the defending champions, winning their sixth consecutive and eighth overall Women's Euro title after defeating Norway in the final.[4]

Sweden were selected as hosts by UEFA's Executive Committee in 2010, meaning their team automatically qualified for the final tournament. The other eleven finalists were decided by a qualifying competition, featuring 44 teams, staged between March 2011 to October 2012. It was the last time the finals featured twelve teams, as from 2017 onwards they would be expanded to include sixteen teams.[5]

Host selection

Sweden was awarded the hosting of the tournament on 4 October 2010 at a meeting of the UEFA Executive Committee in Minsk, Belarus.[6] The only rival host bid came from the Netherlands.[6] Several other European national associations, including Switzerland, Bulgaria and Poland, had shown interest in staging the tournament but did not submit final applications.[7] Sweden had previously co-hosted the tournament in 1997.[8]

Qualification

Main article: UEFA Women's Euro 2013 qualifying

A total of 44 teams entered the qualification process to compete for the eleven available places in the final tournament, alongside host nation Sweden, who qualified automatically. Six teams were firstly eliminated during an eight-team preliminary round staged in Macedonia and Malta on 3–8 March 2011.[9]

On 14 March 2011 38 teams – the 36 top-ranked nations (according to their UEFA coefficient) and the two teams advancing from the preliminary round – were then drawn into seven qualifying groups at a draw in Nyon, Switzerland.[10] Matches in these qualifying groups began in September 2011 and concluded a year later.[10] The seven group winners automatically qualified for the final tournament along with the best-ranked runners-up.[11] The remaining six runners-up entered into two-legged play-offs held in October 2012 to determine the final line-up.[12] The following twelve teams participated in the final tournament:

Team Method of
qualification 		Date of
qualification 		Finals
appearance 		Last
appearance 		Previous best
performance 		FIFA ranking
at start of event
 Sweden Hosts 4 October 2010 9th 2009 Champions (1984) 5
 Italy Group 1 winner 16 June 2012 10th 2009 Runners-up (1993, 1997) 12
 Germany Group 2 winner 16 June 2012 9th 2009 Champions (1989, 1991, 1995, 1997, 2001, 2005, 2009) 2
 Norway Group 3 winner 19 September 2012 10th 2009 Champions (1987, 1993) 11
 France Group 4 winner 15 September 2012 5th 2009 Quarter-finals (2009) 6
 Finland Group 5 winner 15 September 2012 3rd 2009 Semi-finals (2005) 21
 England Group 6 winner 19 September 2012 7th 2009 Runners-up (1984, 2009) 7
 Denmark Group 7 winner 19 September 2012 8th 2009 Semi-finals (1984, 1991, 1993, 2001) 13
 Netherlands Best runner-up 19 September 2012 2nd 2009 Semi-finals (2009) 14
 Spain Play-off winner 24 October 2012 2nd 1997 Semi-finals (1997) 18
 Russia Play-off winner 25 October 2012 4th 2009 Group Stage (1997, 2001, 2009) 22
 Iceland Play-off winner 25 October 2012 2nd 2009 Group Stage (2009) 15

Venues

The tournament was staged at seven venues in seven different towns with each group being staged at two different venues. At some venues, the capacity was reduced during the championship.[13]

Gothenburg Solna Norrköping
Gamla Ullevi Friends Arena Nya Parken
Capacity: 16,600 Capacity: 50,000 Capacity: 10,500
3 group matches, 1 semi-final Final 3 group matches, 1 semi-final
Linköping


UEFA Women's Euro 2013 (Southern Sweden)
 Kalmar
Linköping Arena Guldfågeln Arena
Capacity: 7,300 Capacity: 10,900
3 group matches, 1 quarter-final 3 group matches, 1 quarter-final
Halmstad Växjö
Örjans Vall Myresjöhus Arena
Capacity: 7,500 Capacity: 10,000
3 group matches, 1 quarter-final 3 group matches, 1 quarter-final

Final draw

The final draw for the tournament group stage took place on 9 November 2012 at the Swedish Exhibition & Congress Centre in Gothenburg.[14][15] The ceremony was conducted by the UEFA General Secretary Gianni Infantino, with the teams drawn out by tournament ambassadors Patrik Andersson and Steffi Jones.[14]

As hosts, Sweden were automatically placed in the top-seeded pot, though they would have been in any case owing to their UEFA coefficient ranking.[14][16] The eleven qualifiers were placed into the three final draw pots according to their UEFA coefficient ranking.[14] It was decreed in advance the groups into which the three top-seeded teams would be placed.[14]

Seedings

Top-seeded teams
Team Coeff Rank
 Sweden H (A1) 42,503 2
 Germany TH (B1) 43,460 1
 France (C1) 40,251 3
Seeded
Team Coeff Rank
 England 38,903 4
 Norway 37,193 5
 Italy 37,057 6
Unseeded
Team Coeff Rank
 Denmark 34,971 7
 Iceland 34,524 8
 Finland 34,436 9
 Russia 33,697 10
 Netherlands 33,661 11
 Spain 32,999 12

Match officials

Twelve referee trios were announced by the UEFA on 19 June 2013.[17] All officials were based in Jönköping.

Assistant referees
Fourth officials

Squads

Main article: UEFA Women's Euro 2013 squads

The twelve national teams involved in the tournament were required to register a squad of 23 players by 3 June 2013 at the latest.[18] Only players in these squads were eligible to take part in the tournament.

Results

Participating teams and their result

The final match schedule for the tournament was confirmed on 6 December 2012.[19] All twelve finalists began the tournament at the group stage, with those not eliminated then advancing to the knockout stage.

Group stage

The group winners and runners-up would qualify for the knockout stage, along with the best two third-placed teams; the remaining four teams would be eliminated.

Tie-breaking criteria

If two or more teams were equal on points on completion of the group matches, the following tie-breaking criteria were applied:[20]

  1. Higher number of points obtained in the matches played between the teams in question;
  2. Superior goal difference resulting from the matches played between the teams in question;
  3. Higher number of goals scored in the matches played between the teams in question;[a]
  4. Superior goal difference in all group matches;
  5. Higher number of goals scored in all group matches;
  6. If two teams tie (following the application of tiebreakers 1–5) after having met in their final fixture of the group stage, then their ranking will be determined by penalty shoot-out;[b]
  7. Position in the UEFA national team coefficient ranking system as at the final draw;
Key
     Team qualified for the knockout stage

Group A

Main article: UEFA Women's Euro 2013 Group A
Team
 Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
 Sweden 3 2 1 0 9 2 +7 7
 Italy 3 1 1 1 3 4 −1 4
 Denmark 3 0 2 1 3 4 −1 2
 Finland 3 0 2 1 1 6 −5 2
Source: UEFA.com
Italy 0–0 Finland
Report
Attendance: 3,011
Sweden 1–1 Denmark
Fischer 36' Report Knudsen 26'
Attendance: 16,128
Italy 2–1 Denmark
Gabbiadini 55'
Mauro 60'		 Report Brogaard 66'
Attendance: 2,190
Finland 0–5 Sweden
Report Fischer 15', 36'
Asllani 38'
Schelin 60', 87'
Attendance: 16,414
Sweden 3–1 Italy
Manieri 47' (o.g.)
Schelin 49'
Öqvist 57'		 Report Gabbiadini 78'
Attendance: 7,288
Denmark 1–1 Finland
Brogaard 29' Report Sjölund 87'
Attendance: 8,360

Group B

Main article: UEFA Women's Euro 2013 Group B
Team
 Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
 Norway 3 2 1 0 3 1 +2 7
 Germany 3 1 1 1 3 1 +2 4
 Iceland 3 1 1 1 2 4 −2 4
 Netherlands 3 0 1 2 0 2 −2 1
Source: Group B
Norway 1–1 Iceland
Hegland 26' Report M. Viðarsdóttir 87' (pen.)
Attendance: 3,867
Germany 0–0 Netherlands
Report
Attendance: 8,861
Referee: Silvia Spinelli (Italy)
Norway 1–0 Netherlands
Gulbrandsen 54' Report
Attendance: 4,256
Iceland 0–3 Germany
Report Lotzen 24'
Okoyino da Mbabi 55', 84'
Attendance: 4,620
Germany 0–1 Norway
Report Isaksen 45+1'
Attendance: 10,346
Netherlands 0–1 Iceland
Report Brynjarsdóttir 30'
Attendance: 3,406

Group C

Main article: UEFA Women's Euro 2013 Group C
Team
 Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
 France 3 3 0 0 7 1 +6 9
 Spain 3 1 1 1 4 4 0 4
 Russia 3 0 2 1 3 5 −2 2
 England 3 0 1 2 3 7 −4 1
Source: UEFA.com
France 3–1 Russia
Delie 21', 33'
Le Sommer 67'		 Report Morozova 84'
Attendance: 2,980
England 2–3 Spain
Aluko 8'
Bassett 89'		 Report Boquete 4'
Hermoso 85'
Putellas 90+4'
Attendance: 5,190
England 1–1 Russia
Duggan 90+2' Report Korovkina 38'
Attendance: 3,629
Spain 0–1 France
Report Renard 5'
Attendance: 5,068
France 3–0 England
Le Sommer 9'
Nécib 62'
Renard 64'		 Report
Attendance: 7,332
Russia 1–1 Spain
Terekhova 44' Report Boquete 14'
Attendance: 2,157

Ranking of third-placed teams

The best two third-placed teams advanced to the knockout stage, with teams being ranked using points as the only criterion.[21] UEFA introduced this principle to avoid teams entering their final matches and "playing on" the previous results, and also to negate the factor of the potentially different strengths of the groups by eliminating goal difference from the calculation.[21] As both Denmark and Russia finished with two points, in accordance with the regulations,[21] UEFA conducted a drawing of lots on 18 July following the completion of the group matches to determine which of these two teams would advance: Denmark was selected and so advanced.[22]

Group Team Pld Pts Drawing of lots
B  Iceland 3 4 –
A  Denmark 3 2 won
C  Russia 3 2 lost

Knockout stage

Main article: UEFA Women's Euro 2013 knockout stage

The eight advancing teams entered the knockout stage to compete in a single-elimination style tournament. In the knockout stage (including the final), if a match was level at the end of 90 minutes, extra time of two periods (15 minutes each) was played. If the score was still level after extra time, the match was decided by a penalty shootout.[23]

 
Quarter-finalsSemi-finalsFinal
 
          
 
21 July – Halmstad
 
 
 Sweden4
 
24 July – Gothenburg
 
 Iceland0
 
 Sweden0
 
21 July – Växjö
 
 Germany1
 
 Italy0
 
28 July – Solna (details)
 
 Germany1
 
 Germany1
 
22 July – Kalmar
 
 Norway0
 
 Norway3
 
25 July – Norrköping
 
 Spain1
 
 Norway (pen.)1 (4)
 
22 July – Linköping
 
 Denmark1 (2)
 
 France1 (2)
 
 
 Denmark (pen.)1 (4)
 

All times are local (UTC+2)

Quarter-finals

Sweden 4–0 Iceland
M. Hammarström 3'
Öqvist 14'
Schelin 19', 59'		 Report
Attendance: 7,468
Italy 0–1 Germany
Report Laudehr 26'
Attendance: 9,265
Norway 3–1 Spain
Gulbrandsen 24'
Paredes 43' (o.g.)
Hegerberg 64'		 Report Hermoso 90+3'
Attendance: 10,435
France 1–1 (a.e.t.) Denmark
Nécib 71' (pen.) Report Rasmussen 28'
Penalties
Nécib soccer ball with red X
Thiney soccer ball with check mark
Le Sommer soccer ball with check mark
Delannoy soccer ball with red X		 2–4 soccer ball with check mark Røddik
soccer ball with check mark Rydahl
soccer ball with check mark Nadim
soccer ball with red X Nielsen
soccer ball with check mark Arnth
Attendance: 7,448

Semi-finals

Sweden 0–1 Germany
Report Marozsán 33'
Attendance: 16,608
Norway 1–1 (a.e.t.) Denmark
Christensen 3' Report Knudsen 87'
Penalties
Gulbrandsen soccer ball with check mark
Dekkerhus soccer ball with check mark
Mjelde soccer ball with check mark
Rønning soccer ball with check mark		 4–2 soccer ball with red X Røddik
soccer ball with red X Nielsen
soccer ball with check mark Nadim
soccer ball with check mark Brogaard
Attendance: 9,260

Final

Main article: UEFA Women's Euro 2013 final
Germany 1–0 Norway
Mittag 49' Report
Attendance: 41,301

Statistics

Main article: UEFA Women's Euro 2013 statistics

Goalscorers

5 goals
3 goals
2 goals
1 goal
Own goal

Awards

UEFA Squad of the Tournament[1]
Golden Boot[24]
Golden Boot
Sweden Lotta Schelin
5 goals
2 assists
Silver Boot
Sweden Nilla Fischer
3 goals
0 assists
Bronze Boot
France Louisa Nécib
2 goals
2 assists

Miscellany

Anthem

Saade unveiling "Winning Ground"

The official anthem of the tournament was "Winning Ground", composed by Stefan Örn and performed by Swedish pop star Eric Saade.[25] The title of the song was also the slogan of the final tournament.[26][25] The song was presented on 27 May 2013 at the Friends Arena in an event also featuring Tyresö players Lisa Dahlkvist of Sweden, Denmark's Line Røddik Hansen, Spain's Verónica Boquete and the Netherlands' Kirsten van de Ven.[25]

Tickets

Tickets for the finals were released on 14 February 2013, available to buy via UEFA's online sales portal or from the Ticnet agency in Sweden.[27] The pricing structure was the same for all venues: SEK 200 (approximately €23.50[c]) for Category 1 matches, SEK 150 (≈€17.60) for Category 2 and SEK 100 (≈€11.75) for Category 3. Youth tickets, for those aged up to 16, cost SEK 50 (≈€5.85) for all categories. A so-named Follow Your Team Ticket which gave entrance to all three group matches of a selected team was also sold.[27]

The tournament soon surpassed the previous ticket sales record of 129,000 set in 2009,[3] which prompted the organisers to open up the entire 50,000 seats of the Friends Arena for the final, in contrast to the original plan to place only 30,000 tickets on sale.[28] The final set a new attendance record for a Women's Euros fixture (41,301) and helped bring the total number of tickets sold for the tournaments to 216,888.[29] In addition to attending the matches, the tournament became the first Women's Euros event to feature fan zones where fans could gather together to view matches on big screens.[30]

References and notes

  1. ^ Criteria 1–3 may be used recursively, meaning applied and reapplied to still fewer teams until they are no further help
  2. ^ This would only be used should a place in the knockout stage be at stake
  3. ^ Currency rates are as 14 February 2013 when tickets were released for sale.
  1. ^ a b "Germany No1 Angerer heads up all-star squad". UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 30 July 2013. Archived from the original on 7 October 2019. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
  2. ^ "UEFA Women's Euro 2013 Match Schedule" (PDF). UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-09-07. Retrieved 2018-02-20.
  3. ^ a b "Women's EURO ticket sales record broken". UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 13 July 2013. Archived from the original on 16 September 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
  4. ^ "Angerer the hero as Germany make it six in a row". UEFA. uefa.com. 28 July 2013. Archived from the original on 1 September 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
  5. ^ "Women's EURO and U17s expanded". UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 8 December 2011. Archived from the original on 17 September 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
  6. ^ a b "Sweden awarded UEFA Women's EURO 2013". UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 4 October 2010. Archived from the original on 6 April 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
  7. ^ "SvFF visar intresse för dam-EM 2013". Svenskfotboll.se (in Swedish). Swedish Football Association. 17 November 2009. Archived from the original on 10 November 2022. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  8. ^ "Hosts Sweden at forefront of women's game". UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 5 October 2010. Archived from the original on 10 November 2022. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
  9. ^ "Preliminary round draw made". UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 3 December 2010. Archived from the original on 30 June 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
  10. ^ a b "Women's EURO draw matches Germany with Spain". UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 14 March 2011. Archived from the original on 22 May 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
  11. ^ "Norway, Denmark, England, Netherlands through". UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 19 September 2012. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
  12. ^ "Iceland and Ukraine meet in play-offs". UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 21 September 2012. Archived from the original on 23 September 2012. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
  13. ^ "UEFA Dam-EM 2013". svenskfotboll.se. Swedish Football Association. Archived from the original on 2017-07-08. Retrieved 2018-02-20.
  14. ^ a b c d e "UEFA Women's EURO 2013 draw live on Friday". UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 8 November 2012. Archived from the original on 10 November 2022. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
  15. ^ "Familiar path for Germany at Women's EURO 2013". UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 9 November 2012. Archived from the original on 10 November 2022. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
  16. ^ "UEFA Women's National Team Coefficient Ranking" (PDF). UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-10-31. Retrieved 2018-02-20.
  17. ^ "Women's EURO referee workshop". UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 19 June 2013. Archived from the original on 10 November 2022. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  18. ^ "Women's EURO squads confirmed". UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 3 July 2013. Archived from the original on 10 November 2022. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
  19. ^ "Women's EURO schedule in Sweden set". UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 6 December 2012. Archived from the original on 10 November 2022. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
  20. ^ "Regulations of the UEFA European Women's Football Championship 2011–13" (PDF). UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. p. 17. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-11-10. Retrieved 2018-02-20.
  21. ^ a b c "Principles for determining the best third-placed teams" (PDF). UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-03-11. Retrieved 2018-02-20.
  22. ^ "Denmark complete quarter-final lineup". UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 18 July 2013. Archived from the original on 22 July 2013. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  23. ^ "Regulations of the UEFA European Women's Football Championship 2011–13" (PDF). UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. p. 11. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-11-10. Retrieved 2018-02-20.
  24. ^ "Sweden's Schelin wins Golden Boot". UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 28 July 2013. Archived from the original on 22 May 2017. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
  25. ^ a b c "Women's EURO anthem launched". UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 27 May 2013. Archived from the original on 8 June 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  26. ^ "Organisers thrilled by Women's EURO interest". UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 9 July 2013. Archived from the original on 14 July 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
  27. ^ a b "UEFA Women's EURO 2013 tickets go on sale". UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 14 February 2013. Archived from the original on 24 July 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
  28. ^ "More final tickets go on sale". UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 22 July 2013. Archived from the original on 23 July 2013. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
  29. ^ "Sixth maybe the best for Germany". UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 29 July 2013. Archived from the original on 1 August 2013. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
  30. ^ "Fan zone first for UEFA Women's EURO 2013". UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 11 July 2013. Archived from the original on 14 September 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
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Estadio Parque Olímpico LocalizaciónPaís  AustraliaLocalidad Melbourne, AustraliaCoordenadas 37°49′29″S 144°58′52″E / -37.824722, 144.981111Detalles generalesNombre completo Olympic Park StadiumApodo Holden CentreOlympic ParkThe GraveyardSuperficie CéspedDimensiones 105 × 68 mCapacidad 18.500 espectadoresPropietario Melbourne Olympic Parks TrustConstrucciónInicio 1954Término 1956Apertura 1956Cierre 2009Demolición 2011Equipo local Melbourne Storm (NR...

 

Punjabi (horse)

British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse PunjabiPunjabi after winning the 2008 Fighting Fifth HurdleSireKomaiteGrandsireNureyevDamCompetaDamsireHernandoSexGeldingFoaled2003CountryGreat BritainColourBayBreederCapt. J. H. WilsonOwnerRaymond ToothTrainerNicky HendersonRecord12-2-4Earnings£550,466Major winsPunchestown Champion Four Year Old Hurdle (2007) Punchestown Champion Hurdle (2008) Fighting Fifth Hurdle (2008) Champion Hurdle (2009) Punjabi (foaled in 2003 in Great Britain) is a British Thorou...

One Last Time (Hamilton song)

2015 song by Christopher Jackson, Lin-Manuel Miranda, and the cast of HamiltonOne Last TimeSong by Christopher Jackson, Lin-Manuel Miranda, and the cast of Hamiltonfrom the album Hamilton Released2015GenreShow tuneLength4:59Songwriter(s)Lin-Manuel MirandaAudioOne Last Time on YouTube One Last Time is a song from the second act of Hamilton. It was first performed on Broadway by Christopher Jackson, in the role of George Washington, with Lin-Manuel Miranda as Alexander Hamilton. Synopsis and so...

 

Dolomedes scriptus

Species of spider Striped fishing spider Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Order: Araneae Infraorder: Araneomorphae Family: Pisauridae Genus: Dolomedes Species: D. scriptus Binomial name Dolomedes scriptus(Hentz, 1845)[1] Synonyms[1] D. fontanus Emerton, 1885 Dolomedes scriptus is a fishing spider found in the United States and Canada,[1] known as the striped fishing spider.[...

 

Chris Dillon

American judge Judge Dillon at the NC Court of Appeals in Raleigh, NC. Robert Christopher Chris Dillon (born 1965) is a North Carolina attorney and judge of the North Carolina Court of Appeals. Dillon won election to the appellate court in a statewide race on Nov. 6, 2012, when he defeated incumbent Cressie Thigpen.[1] Dillon won re-election on Nov. 3, 2020 over challenger Gray Styers. Early life and education Chris Dillon was born and raised in Raleigh, the youngest of C.A. and Mildr...

Times and Seasons

Latter Day Saint newspaper Times and Seasons“Truth will prevail”TypeMonthly and twice-monthly newspaperOwner(s)Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints)FoundedNovember 1839 (1839-11)LanguageEnglishCeased publicationFebruary 1846 (1846-02)CityNauvoo, IllinoisCountryUnited StatesMedia of the United StatesList of newspapers Times and Seasons was a 19th-century Latter Day Saint newspaper published at Nauvoo, Illinois. It was printed monthly or twice-monthly from November 1839 t...

 

Dinasti Zhou

Artikel ini membutuhkan rujukan tambahan agar kualitasnya dapat dipastikan. Mohon bantu kami mengembangkan artikel ini dengan cara menambahkan rujukan ke sumber tepercaya. Pernyataan tak bersumber bisa saja dipertentangkan dan dihapus.Cari sumber: Dinasti Zhou – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Zhou周1045 SM–256 SMWilayah pengaruh Dinasti Zhou Barat (1050 SM–771 SM)StatusKerajaanIbu kotaHaojing, LuoyangBahasa yang umum diguna...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!