Tin(IV) nitrate

Tin(IV) nitrate^[1]^[2]

Names
Other names Stannic nitrate
Identifiers
CAS Number	13826-70-5
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	8104756
ECHA InfoCard	100.222.600
EC Number	694-339-7
PubChem CID	23278539
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID501336748
InChI InChI=1S/4NO3.Sn/c4*2-1(3)4;/q4*-1;+4 Key: YQMWDQQWGKVOSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES [N+](=O)([O-])O[Sn](O[N+](=O)[O-])(O[N+](=O)[O-])O[N+](=O)[O-]
Properties
Chemical formula	Sn(NO3)4
Molar mass	366.73 g/mol
Appearance	Silky Crystals
Density	2.65 g/cm^3
Melting point	91 °C (196 °F; 364 K)
Boiling point	98 °C (208 °F; 371 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water	Reacts
Solubility	Soluble in carbon tetrachloride, chloroform
Structure[3]
Crystal structure	Monoclinic
Space group	P21/c
Lattice constant	a = 7.80 Å, b = 13.85 Å, c = 10.23 Å
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H272, H314
Precautionary statements	P220, P280, P305+P351+P338, P310
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Tin(IV) nitrate is a salt of tin with nitric acid. It is a volatile white solid, subliming at 40 °C under a vacuum. Unlike other nitrates, it reacts with water to produce nitrogen dioxide.

Structure

It is structurally very similar to titanium(IV) nitrate, with the only major difference being the Sn–O bond(2.161 Å) being slightly longer than the Ti–O bond(2.068 Å).^[3]

Production

It was first prepared in the 1960s. Tin(IV) chloride was added to dinitrogen pentoxide at -78 °C, which produced tin(IV) nitrate and nitryl chloride:^[4]

SnCl₄ + 4 N₂O₅ → Sn(NO₃)₄ + 4 NO₂Cl

Attempts to prepare this compound by reacting tin(II) oxide and nitric acid resulted in a formation of tin(II) nitrate hydroxide.^[5]

Reactions

This compound is sensitive to water, it hydrolyzes into tin(IV) oxide and nitrogen dioxide. Tin(IV) nitrate reacts with trifloroacetic acid anhydride to yield (NO₂⁺)₂[Sn(OOCCF₃)₆²⁻] which is a nitronium salt. With trifluoroacetic acid a similar compound solvated with trifluoroacetic acid is produced.^[6]

It also reacts with acetic anhydride or acetic acid to produce tin(IV) acetate and with nitric oxide to produce tin(IV) oxynitrate.

The reaction of tin(IV) nitrate with triphenylphosphine and triphenylarsine yields dinitratotin(IV)bis(diphenylphosphonate) and dinitratotin(IV)bis(diphenylarsonate).^[6]

References

1. "Tin(IV) Nitrate". American Elements. Retrieved 16 February 2021.
2. "Tin(IV) nitrate". Sigma-Aldrich. Retrieved 16 February 2021.
3. C. D. Garner; D. Sutton; S. C. Wallwork (1967). "The crystal structures of anhydrous nitrates and their complexes. Part IV. Tin(IV) nitrate". Journal of the Chemical Society A: Inorganic, Physical, Theoretical: 1949–1954. doi:10.1039/J19670001949.
4. C. C. Addison; W. B. Simpson (1965). "Tin(IV) nitrate: the relation between structure and reactivity of metal nitrates". Journal of the Chemical Society: 598–602. doi:10.1039/JR9650000598.
5. J. D. Donaldson; W. Moser (1961). "Basic tin(II) nitrate". Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed). 381: 1996–2000. doi:10.1039/JR9610001996.
6. Harrison, Philip G.; Khalil, Mutassim I.; Logan, Norman (January 1978). "A contribution to the chemistry of tin(IV) nitrate". Inorganica Chimica Acta. 30: 165–170. doi:10.1016/S0020-1693(00)89031-3.