The Night Watchman (novel)

The Night Watchman

First edition cover
Author	Louise Erdrich
Language	English
Genre	Contemporary Native American fiction
Published	March 3, 2020
Publisher	HarperCollins
Publication place	United States
Media type	Hardcover & Paperback
Pages	464
ISBN	9780062671196

The Night Watchman is a novel by Louise Erdrich first published on March 3, 2020, by HarperCollins.^[1] The novel is set in the 1950s. This is Erdrich's sixth standalone novel following Future Home of the Living God. The novel was inspired by the life of Erdrich's grandfather who motivated and inspired other members of the Turtle Mountain Reservation to resist the Indian termination policies of the 1940s-1960s.^[2] The Night Watchman is the first novel that Erdrich has written that is set on the Turtle Mountain Reservation.^[3]

In 2021, the novel was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.^[4]

Writing and composition

In the letters written by her grandfather detailing his resistance against termination bills meant to assimilate Ojibwe people into broader American society through a variety of means, including the end of federal recognition of the sovereignty of indigenous tribes.^[5] Erdrich has referred to the letters as "[...] beautiful, full of humor and storytelling."^[6] She based The Night Watchman on his loving personality and commitment to his tribe.^[7]

This historical fiction provides detailed descriptions of surroundings and relationships between characters. Alongside the political storyline, readers follow a variety of other characters through daily life on the reservation, family tragedy, boxing matches, and romance.^[1] It is written in third person and follows a number of characters, and in some instances, animals.^[8] The story switches narrators between other characters in the book to give a different perspective.^[9]

Plot

Thomas Wazhashk, a night watchman at a jewel bearing plant and an Ojibwe Councilor, works to comprehend the consequences of a new termination bill drafted by Arthur Vivian Watkins heading to the floor of the United States Congress.^[1] In 1953, Thomas and other Ojibwe people begin to fear the implications of this bill. As Thomas tries to save his tribe from termination, his niece Patrice embarks on a journey to Minneapolis in order to find her sister, Vera.^[1] Patrice Paranteau, a young Ojibwe woman and a former high school valedictorian, balances the demands of both modern and traditional life.^[10] She works at the jewel bearing plant and earns just enough to help her mother Zhanaat and her brother Pokey.^[1] Patrice's alcoholic father comes home sporadically to threaten the family for cash. Patrice uses her saved money to look for her sister Vera, who vanished after moving to Minneapolis with her husband. During her journey, Patrice encounters abuse and danger.^[1] The lives of the young Ojibwe boxer, Wood Mountain and his mother, Juggie Blue intersect with those of many others living on the reservation as they each make the best out of their respective circumstances.^[1]

Characters

Thomas Wazhask — Thomas is a kindhearted man, a husband, and a father who spends his nights as a Watchmen in a jewel bearing plant in Turtle Mountain. He becomes politically involved when he reads the Indian Termination Bill and begins to organize against it.^[2] Wazhask translates to "muskrat" in Ojibwe and is pronounced Wa-shush-k.^[11] While unfortunately locked outside of his place of work during a snowstorm in the night, Thomas experiences a vision where he describes seeing Jesus Christ and others.^[12]

Patrice Paranteau — Patrice (also known as Pixie) is a strong, willful 19 year old who is determined to find her missing older sister, Vera. She ventures to the city and takes up a job performing at a bar while pursuing various leads towards her sister's whereabouts.^[13]

Vera Paranteau — Vera is Pixie's older sister who is missing in Minneapolis and has had a baby.^[14]

Pokey Paranteau — Pokey is Pixie's younger brother.

Zhanaat Paranteau — Mother of Pokey, Vera, and Patrice Paranteau, Zhanaat lives on the reservation and taught Patrice of traditional ways of living.^[15]

Lloyd Barnes — A local math teacher at the reservation school. He is referred to as "Hay Stack" by members of the community because of his blonde hair. It is well known among the community that he desires a romantic relationship with Patrice Paranteau.^[1]

Wood Mountain — A young boxer under the tutelage of Lloyd Barnes and the son of Juggie Blue. He has a crush on Patrice, but he focuses on helping Patrice find her missing sister Vera. He does not pursue Patrice in the same way Barnes does. He fights against Joe Wobleszynski at the Battle Royale to raise money for Thomas and the other members of the community council to travel to Washington, D.C..^[1]

Millie Cloud — The daughter of Louis Pipestone and half-sister of Grace Pipestone. Millie is a college student studying economics at the University of Minnesota. She later changes her major to Anthropology after spending time around her family and other Turtle Mountain Ojibwe. She becomes involved in the resistance effort against the passing of House Concurrent Resolution 108 bill when asked by Thomas Wazhashk and her father to present her research findings on the Turtle Mountain Reservation's resources in court.^[16]

Arthur V. Watkins — A Republican senator from Utah. Erdrich's fictional version of Arthur V. Watkins is heavily based on the real person; his dialogue during the characters visit to Congress is pulled from actual transcriptions.^[1]

Vernon and Elnath — These two Mormon missionaries believe the Chippewa are Lamanites.

Semi-fiction

Aspects of this fictional novel are inspired by historical events. The jewel-bearing plant is based on a real factory in Turtle Mountain where mostly women were employed.^[17] While an attempt in 1955 to unionize failed, the workers succeeded in their demand for higher pay and better working conditions.^[18]

In the chapter "Falcon Eyes", Patrice attends a meeting of the United States House of Representatives, where she sees a beautiful woman who fires a gun into the air.^[19][20]

The fictional dialog written in the book about Turtle Mountain's testimony to Congress closely follows the real transcripts of the testimony given there.^[21]

Recurring elements

Animals

Animals and animal intelligence are a recurring subject in The Night Watchman. One chapter is entirely from the perspective of two escaped horses.^[22] At another point, Patrice perceives a dog as speaking to her, giving her information on the fate of her sister.^[23]

Another animal that provides symbolism is the owl. Thomas and the owl have a connection because similar to the owl Thomas stays up guarding the factory and tries to persuade people in power to support them against termination. "The owl shares Thomas' solitude and symbolizes the mental and psychic loneliness of his battle".^[24]

Ambiguous magic

There are several instances in the novel seemingly caused by magical or supernatural means. The partial facial paralysis of a classmate occurs after he tried to sexually assault Patrice was supposedly an instance of magic. Erdrich leaves the reality of these scenes intentionally ambiguous. When asked why this was, she stated "So many things happen to us that we immediately explain away, and so I'm just not explaining away what's happening."^[25]

Reception

Critical reception

The novel received mostly positive reviews from critics.^[26] In a review for The New York Times, Luis Alberto Urrea praised the novel, referring to it as "[...] a magisterial epic that brings [Erdrich's] power of witness to every page."^[27] Love, rage, political resistance, and courage saturate the lives of the memorable characters in The Night Watchman.^[28] Ron Charles of The Washington Post says that Erdrich "rediscovers her genius" with this novel.^[29] A review for USA Today praised the relatability of the novel.^[30] The Boston Globe recognizes faults some may find with the novel, but ultimately views it as among "...the best of her remarkable fiction."^[31] Other critics have noted the beauty of the "family feeling" of the novel, the endurance of the characters, and called Erdrich a "master storyteller."^[32][33]

The gradual way that the poverty of certain characters is presented in the novel has also received praise with Erdrich remarking on the ways this mirrored real life.^[34] Erdrich has also addressed in interviews the importance of Patrice's role in the novel and how she functions as a second protagonist, saying that her daughter even made a separate cover for the novel with the title Pixie.^[35] While this novel is set in the past, Erdrich comments on the issues that still persist within Indigenous communities today, stating "It's true that the policies that start with dispossession do not stop there."^[35]

Honors

The novel won the 2021 Pulitzer Prize. The committee awarding the prize referred to the novel as "[...] a majestic, polyphonic novel about a community's efforts to halt the proposed displacement and elimination of several Native American tribes in the 1950s, rendered with dexterity and imagination."^[36]

References

1. Erdrich, Louise (2020). The Night Watchman. New York: HarperCollins. p. 464. ISBN 9780062671196.
2. Urrea, Luis Alberto (2020-03-03). "Fighting to Save Their Tribe From Termination". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
3. "Louise Erdrich Weighs In on the Battle Over Fiction and Identity". Time. Retrieved 2021-12-02.
4. "'The Night Watchman,' Malcolm X biography win arts Pulitzers". ABC News.
5. Davies, Dave (4 March 2020). "Louise Erdrich On Her Personal Connection To Native Peoples' 'Fight For Survival'". NPR.org. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
6. "Louise Erdrich's Grandfather Inspired Her New 'Night Watchman'". NPR.org. Retrieved 2021-12-02.
7. "Louise Erdrich's Grandfather Inspired Her New 'Night Watchman'". NPR.org. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
8. "The Night Watchman: A Novel | Washington Independent Review of Books". www.washingtonindependentreviewofbooks.com. Retrieved 2021-11-24.
9. GradeSaver. "The Night Watchman Study Guide | GradeSaver". www.gradesaver.com. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
10. Mary Catherine Harper (2012). "Figuring the Grotesque in Louise Erdrich's Novels: Of Ojibwe Play, Modernist Form, and the Romantic Sensibility". Studies in American Indian Literatures. 24 (2): 17. doi:10.5250/studamerindilite.24.2.0017. ISSN 0730-3238. S2CID 162036989.
11. "wazhashk (na) | The Ojibwe People's Dictionary". ojibwe.lib.umn.edu. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
12. "THE NIGHT WATCHMAN". Kirkus Reviews.
13. Charles, Ron (March 2, 2020). "With 'The Night Watchman,' Louise Erdrich Rediscovers Her Genius". The Washington Post.
14. Erdrich, Louise (2020). The night watchman: a novel. New York. ISBN 978-0-06-267118-9. OCLC 1140871377.
15. "The Night Watchman, by Louise Erdrich – Centre for Indigenous and Settler Colonial Studies – Research at Kent". Centre for Indigenous and Settler Colonial Studies. 2021-02-17. Retrieved 2021-12-12.
16. Beck, David (2002). "Developing a Voice: The Evolution of Self-Determination in an Urban Indian Community". Wíčazo Ša Review. 17 (2): 117–141. doi:10.1353/wic.2002.0014. ISSN 1533-7901. S2CID 143764556.
17. "Louise Erdrich Weighs In on the Battle Over Fiction and Identity". Time. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
18. Erdrich, Louise (2020). The Night Watchmen. New York: HarperCollins. p. 444. ISBN 978-0-06-267118-9.
19. Hertzel, Laurie. "In Louise Erdrich's 'Night Watchman,' tribal and personal history converge". Chicago Tribune.
20. Erdrich, Louise (2020). The Night Watchman. Harper Perennial. pp. 394–395. ISBN 978-0-06-267118-9.
21. Erdrich, Louise (2020). The Night Watchmen. New York: HarperCollins. p. 449. ISBN 978-0-06-267118-9.
22. Erdrich, Louise (2020). The Night Watchman. New York: HarperCollins. pp. 240–241. ISBN 9780062671196.
23. Erdrich, Louise (2020). The Night Watchman. New York: HarperCollins. p. 147. ISBN 9780062671196.
24. GradeSaver. "The Night Watchman Symbols, Allegory and Motifs | GradeSaver". www.gradesaver.com. Retrieved 2021-12-08.
25. "Louise Erdrich On Her Personal Connection To Native Peoples' 'Fight For Survival'". NPR.org. Retrieved 2021-12-12.
26. "Book Marks reviews of The Night Watchman by Louise Erdrich". Book Marks. Retrieved 2023-01-12.
27. Urrea, Luis Alberto (3 March 2020). "Fighting to Save Their Tribe From Termination". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
28. Literary Affairs. "March 2020 Book of the Month". Retrieved 2021-11-23.
29. "Review | With 'The Night Watchman,' Louise Erdrich rediscovers her genius". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2021-12-05.
30. Rhule, Patty. "Review: Louise Erdrich's 'The Night Watchman' a rich novel of Native American family, community". USA TODAY. Retrieved 2021-12-05.
31. "Louise Erdrich's newest novel thrills with luminous empathy – The Boston Globe". BostonGlobe.com. Retrieved 2021-12-05.
32. ELLEN AKINS. "Review: 'The Night Watchman,' by Louise Erdrich". Star Tribune. Retrieved 2021-12-05.
33. "Los Angeles Review of Books". Los Angeles Review of Books. 2020-05-05. Retrieved 2021-12-05.
34. "Louise Erdrich On Her Personal Connection To Native Peoples' 'Fight For Survival'". NPR.org. Retrieved 2021-12-05.
35. Leah Greenblatt. "In her epic new novel, Louise Erdrich digs into an incredible family history". EW.com. Retrieved 2021-12-05.
36. "2021 Pulitzer Prize Winners & Finalists". The Pulitzer Prizes (pulitzer.org). Retrieved June 11, 2021.