The Moon Represents My Heart

"The Moon Represents My Heart"
Single by Chen Fen-lan
from the album Dreamland
Language	Mandarin
Released	May 1973
Genre	Mandopop
Length	3:36
Label	Li Ge Records
Composer(s)	Weng Ching-hsi
Lyricist(s)	Sun Yi

"The Moon Represents My Heart" (Chinese: 月亮代表我的心; pinyin: Yuèliang Dàibiǎo Wǒ de Xīn) is a song originally recorded by Taiwanese singer Chen Fen-lan for her album Dreamland, which was released through Li Ge Records in May 1973. It was then re-recorded by fellow Taiwanese recording artist Liu Guan-lin in November 1973. The song was eventually made famous throughout the Sinophone world by Taiwanese singer Teresa Teng in 1977.

Teng's recording of "The Moon Represents My Heart" was one of the first foreign songs to achieve widespread popularity in mainland China following the Cultural Revolution and the initiation of the Open Door Policy in 1978. It is often cited as one of the most famous and beloved Chinese songs of all time. During the 2010 Chinese Music Awards, it was ranked first amongst the greatest Chinese musical works of the past 30 years. The song has been covered by many artists around the world and has been featured in numerous films and television productions.

Background and development

"The Moon Represents My Heart" was composed by Weng Ching-hsi (翁清溪) while its lyrics were written by Sun Yi [zh] (孫儀).^[1][2] During Weng's time at the Berklee College of Music in Boston, he would frequently find himself in the nearby parks, drawing creative inspiration from his surroundings. Whenever inspiration struck, he would record his thoughts and experiences. Upon his return to Taiwan, Weng chose one of his musical compositions and presented it to his friend, lyricist Sun Yi.^[3]

Initially, "The Moon Represents My Heart" was a composition that Weng deemed not as good and even considered discarding. Sun Yi then stumbled upon it among a pile of works meant for disposal, and was taken aback as he believed it was a quality song. After Sun penned the lyrics, both Weng and Sun sold the song to Li Ge Records in 1972.^[4] It was first sung by Taiwanese singer Chen Fen-lan for the singer's album, Dreamland (夢鄉) in May 1973, and then by fellow singer Liu Guan-lin (劉冠霖) in November of the same year.^[2][5] The song was made famous through Teresa Teng's version in 1977.^[6][7]

Teresa Teng version

"The Moon Represents My Heart"
Single by Teresa Teng
from the album Love Songs of the Island, Vol. 4: Love in Hong Kong
Language	Mandarin
Released	19 December 1977
Genre	Mandopop
Length	3:29
Label	Polydor Kolin Records
Composer(s)	Weng Ching-hsi
Lyricist(s)	Sun Yi
Audio sample
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Teresa Teng recorded "The Moon Represents My Heart" for her Mandarin studio album, Love Songs of the Island, Vol. 4: Love in Hong Kong. The record was released through Polydor Hong Kong on 19 December 1977.^[8][9]

Composition

Teng's rendition of "The Moon Represents My Heart", which is three minutes and 29 seconds long,^[10] was described as a "love song with a waltz-like lilt".^[11] Anthropologist Kevin Latham characterized "The Moon Represents My Heart" as a relatively simple love ballad, similar to the majority of gangtai songs from the era.^[12] In The Semantics of Chinese Music, linguist Adrian Tien observed that the metaphor of the moon has been used in Chinese culture to express sorrow over lost love or the anticipation of a reunion "since the dawn of history". He noted that the imagery frequently appears in various literary works, and cited "The Moon Represents My Heart" as an exemplary instance of its usage in contemporary songs.^[13]

Cultural and societal impact

Until the late 1970s, foreign music had not been allowed into mainland China for several decades.^[14] "The Moon Represents My Heart" became one of the first popular foreign songs from Hong Kong and Taiwan (called "gangtai" songs) in the country.^[14] Teng's songs over the following decade revolutionized music in China. Her singing, described as "soft, melodious, often whispery and restrained," was considered the "ideal" in gangtai music at that time. The style was in striking contrast to the then officially sanctioned songs in mainland China which were often revolutionary songs, and made a strong impact on its listeners. She became so popular that "within months the country was literally flooded with [her] songs."^[14] "The Moon Represents My Heart", however, is often cited as one of her best-known or most popular pieces.^[15][16][17]

Prior to the emergence of Teng's music, such romantic songs had been virtually nonexistent in China for many years as they were considered "bourgeois and decadent".^[14] Shelley Rigger, writing in The Tiger Leading the Dragon: How Taiwan Propelled China's Economic Rise, highlighted that while her popularity was growing across the Chinese-speaking world, the leaders of the People's Republic of China (PRC) were attempting to suppress her music.^[18] However, Teng's songs remained irresistible;^[18] by the end of the 1970s, it was said that "Deng [Xiaoping] the leader ruled by day, but Deng the singer [Teresa Teng] ruled by night".^[19]

Teng's widespread popularity was recognized for paving the way for an influx of Taiwanese music into the PRC, so much so that it was referred to as a "counter invasion".^[18] Lauren Gorfinkel, writing in Chinese Television and National Identity Construction, wrote how Teng subsequently became a symbol of unity in Greater China as well as China's opening up and reforms.^[20] As film director Jia Zhangke later said, "'The Moon Represents My Heart' [was] something completely new. So people of my generation were suddenly infected with this very personal, individual world. Before that, everything was collective...".^[21]

Legacy

"The Moon Represents My Heart" has been performed frequently around the world since its release by famous singers and musicians such as Hayley Westenra, Nana Mouskouri, Katherine Jenkins, Shila Amzah, Faye Wong, David Tao, Andy Lau, Leslie Cheung, Jon Bon Jovi, Siti Nurhaliza, David Archuleta, English vocal group Libera and Grammy Award winning American musician Kenny G.^[22][23][24] According to NetEase, almost all singers in Hong Kong have covered the song at some point.^[25] It is considered a "classic" in the Sinophone world,^[26] with The Star writing that "Chinese all around the world are familiar with [it]."^[27] It is often cited as "one of the most famous and beloved Chinese songs of all time".^[28][29]

"The Moon Represents My Heart" was honored first place in Hong Kong Golden Songs Awards ranking of the Top 10 Chinese Golden Songs of the 20th Century.^[25] At the 2010 Chinese Music Awards, it was ranked number one by critics in a ranking of the greatest classic Chinese songs of the past 30 years.^[30] The song is also popular in karaoke,^[11] with one chain in Singapore listing it at number 42 on their hits list (which made it the highest ranked of all Teng's songs).^[31] In 2019, the Museum of Chinese in America (MOCA) in New York City curated an exhibition titled "The Moon Represents My Heart: Music, Memory and Belonging", which was directly inspired by the song. The exhibition highlighted the "transformative power" of musical identity within Chinese immigrant communities since the 1850s.^[32]

Credits and personnel

• Teresa Teng – vocalist
• Weng Ching-hsi – composer
• Sun Yi – lyricist

Copyright status

Lyricist Sun Yi filed a lawsuit against the Li Ge Record Company (麗歌唱片公司). Sun lost the lawsuit, so the company owns the copyright of this song.^[1]

References

1. Xiang, Chengzhen (項程鎮) (1 December 2012). 月亮代表我的心作詞者 爭著作權敗訴 [Writer of "The Moon Represents My Heart" fights for copyrights]. The Liberty Times.
2. 台灣的「美空雲雀」 ──陳芬蘭 [Taiwan's "Hibari Misora" — Chen Fen-lan]. Taiwan Panorama. March 2001. p. 108. This source neglected to confirm Sun Yi (孫儀) as the lyricist of this song.
3. Chen, Xiao (5 October 2004). "'月亮代表我的心' 原唱不是邓丽君" [The original singer of "The Moon Represents My Heart" is not Teresa Teng] (in Chinese). Sina Entertainment. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
4. "邓丽君逝世25年，回顾6首代表作，《月亮代表我的心》原来是翻唱" [25 years after Teresa Teng passed away, she looks back on 6 masterpieces. 'The Moon Represents My Heart' was originally a cover]. NetEase Entertainment (in Chinese). 8 May 2020. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
5. 作曲曝光《月亮代表我的心》原唱非邓丽君(多图) [Composer says Teresa Teng is not original singer of 'Moon Represents My Heart']. HSW.cn. 1 October 2004. Archived from the original on 17 May 2013. Retrieved 10 November 2014.
6. Chen, David (5 June 2009). "Jazz for the musicians ... but for the masses, too". Taipei Times. Retrieved 10 November 2014.
7. Chan, Dawn (24 October 2010). "Hearty tribute to Teresa Teng". New Straits Times. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 10 November 2014.
8. "组图：美人如花一代歌后邓丽君(5) 伊人风采 新浪网" [Photos: Teresa Teng, the beautiful and beautiful singer of the generation (5)]. Sina Entertainment (in Chinese). 17 May 2007. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
9. "月亮代表我的心 – 邓丽君" [The Moon Represents My Heart – Teresa Teng] (in Chinese). QQ Music. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
10. "Yue Liang Dai Biao Wo de Xin – Teresa Teng". AllMusic. Retrieved 10 November 2014.
11. LaFleur 2010.
12. Latham 2007, p. 349.
13. Tien 2015, p. 130.
14. Baranovitch 2003, p. 10–13.
15. WuDunn, Sheryl (10 May 1995). Teresa Teng, Singer, 40, Dies; Famed in Asia for Love Songs". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 November 2014.
16. "Teresa Teng: Alive in the Hearts of Chinese Around the World". Xinhua News Agency (in Chinese). 9 May 2005. Retrieved 30 April 2024 – via China Internet Information Center.
17. "Terrific Teresa Teng tribute at corporate night". The Star. Malaysia. 18 September 2005. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 10 November 2014.
18. Rigger 2021, p. 165.
19. Meixler, Eli (28 January 2018). "Singing Sensation Teresa Teng Would Have Turned 65 Today. Here's What You Should Know About Her". Time. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
20. Gorfinkel 2017, p. 159.
21. Berry 2005, p. 190–550.
22. Jenkins, Katherine. The Moon Represents My Heart (Spotify) (in Chinese).
23. Tham Ai Mei (15 September 2005). "Sadness behind the smile". The Star. Malaysia. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 10 November 2014.
24. "Jon Bon Jovi Sings Chinese Love Song for Valentine's Day in China". YouTube.
25. "盘点20世纪香港乐坛十大金曲：邓丽君太经典，刘德华张国荣齐上榜" [Taking a look of the top ten hits in the Hong Kong music scene in the 20th century: the classic Teresa Teng, Andy Lau and Leslie Cheung are on the list] (in Chinese). NetEase Entertainment. 13 January 2021. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
26. "Buzzing: Chyi Chin proposes to Belle". news.asiaone.com, 26 January 2010. Retrieved 10 November 2014.
27. "Show set to be a glittering affair". The Star. 19 August 2003. Archived from the original on 30 October 2003. Retrieved 10 November 2014.
28. Seno, Alexandra A (21 November 2007). "Cantopop: Lauding Hong Kong's homegrown music". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 November 2014.
29. Wong, Tessa (20 August 2015). "Jon Bon Jovi takes on Chinese classic love song". BBC News. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
30. "'华语金曲奖'30年经典揭晓 乐迷最爱张国荣" ["Chinese Golden Melody Awards" 30-year classics revealed, music fans' favorite Leslie Cheung] (in Chinese). Sina Entertainment. 13 December 2010. Archived from the original on 24 August 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
31. Tanu, Elrica (29 September 2010). "Teresa Teng tribute". RazorTV via AsiaOne. Archived from the original on 6 October 2010. Retrieved 10 November 2014.
32. "Teresa Teng Tian Mi Mi – Museum of Chinese in America". Museum of Chinese in America. 2 May 2019. Retrieved 1 May 2024.

Bibliography

• Baranovitch, Nimrod (2003). China's New Voices: Popular Music, Ethnicity, Gender, and Politics, 1978-1997. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-93653-9.
• Berry, Michael (2005). Speaking in Images: Interviews with Contemporary Chinese Filmmakers. Columbia University Press. pp. 190–550. ISBN 978-0-231-13331-9.
• Gorfinkel, Lauren, ed. (2017). Chinese Television and National Identity Construction: The Cultural Politics of Music-Entertainment Programmes. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-66777-3.
• LaFleur, Robert André (2010). China (Asia in Focus). Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 978-1-59884-166-4.
• Latham, Kevin (2007). Pop Culture China!: Media, Arts, and Lifestyle. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. ISBN 978-1-85109-587-2.
• Rigger, Shelley, ed. (2021). The Tiger Leading the Dragon: How Taiwan Propelled China's Economic Rise. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-4422-1960-1.
• Tien, Adrian (2015). The Semantics of Chinese Music: Analysing selected Chinese musical concepts. John Benjamins Publishing Company. ISBN 978-90-272-6891-4.

External links

• Video of the song on YouTube