plural of substratum, may refer to: Earth's substrata, the geologic layering of the Earth Hypokeimenon, sometimes translated as substratum, a concept...

Aluminium (the Commonwealth and preferred IUPAC name) or aluminum (North American English) is a chemical element; it has symbol Al and atomic number 13...

local language persists and the intrusive language disappears) or the substratum one (the local language disappears and the intrusive language persists)...

Albanian (endonym: shqip [ʃcip] , gjuha shqipe [ˈɟuha ˈʃcipɛ] , or arbërisht [aɾbəˈɾiʃt]) is an Indo-European language and the only surviving representative...

The pre-Greek substrate (or substratum) consists of the unknown pre-Greek language or languages (either Pre-Indo-European or other Indo-European languages)...

aspirated stops in Sinhala is attributed to a probable South Dravidian substratum effect. This has been explained by a period of prior bilingualism: "The...

as well as the presence of non-Indo-European vocabulary, to a local substratum of languages encountered by Indo-Aryan peoples in Central Asia (Bactria-Marghiana)...

term that includes both bed and lamina. Related terms are substrate and substratum (pl.substrata), a stratum underlying another stratum. Typically, a stratum...

Hypokeimenon (Greek: ὑποκείμενον), later often material substratum, is a term in metaphysics which literally means the "underlying thing" (Latin: subiectum)...

time. The proposed substratal elements in Romanian are mostly lexical items. The process of determining if a word is from the substratum involves comparison...

Copenhagen University. Šorgo, Aljoša (2020). "Characteristics of Lexemes of a Substratum Origin in Proto-Germanic". In Garnier, Romain (ed.). Loanwords and Substrata:...

of the European hydronymy (Old European hydronymy). He classified the substratum language as Indo-European. Vennemann rejected the classification. He gives...

Feature Proto-Austroasiatic Proto-Munda pre-Munda Eastern Indian substratum Consonants 24 21 ~ fewer 21 Cardinal vowels 9 6 Few Affixation Prefixing and...

Myanmar and north-east India or both. Stella Kramrisch (1964) mentions a substratum of pre-Dravidians and Dravidians, who were in Nepal even before the Newars...

hypothesis that the Insular Celtic languages had features from an Afro-Asiatic substratum (Iberian and Berber languages) was first proposed by John Morris-Jones...

pidgin language lexically based on English, but influenced by a Chinese substratum. From the 17th to the 19th centuries, there was also Chinese Pidgin English...

languages, as it is a Brittonic language, like Cornish and Welsh. A Gaulish substratum in Breton has been suggested, but that is debated. It is likely that Celts...

vocabulary is largely from standard Hindi–Urdu, but it also draws from a substratum of Marathi-Konkani, which is the official language and is also widely...

has a significant Arabic, French, Latin, Greek, Phoenician and Punic substratum, and Arabic loanwords represent 35% of the total Kabyle vocabulary. In...

for different functions, such as feeding, anchoring the colony to the substratum and for brooding embryos. However, fossil bryozoans are only known by...

several groups in Ethiopia and, in one case, Eritrea. They form the main substratum influence on Amharic and other Ethio-Semitic languages. The Central Cushitic...

Prior to the 5th century AD, most people in Great Britain spoke a Brittonic language, but the number of these speakers declined sharply throughout the...

considered by some Assyriologists (such as Samuel Noah Kramer) to be the substratum language of the people who introduced farming into Southern Iraq in the...

brown silt loam Subsurface layer brown silt loam Subsoil - upper brown silt loam Subsoil - lower dark brown silty clay loam Substratum brown silt loam...

divinity or substance (ousia) of God. The term refers to the aspect or substratum of God that lies behind God's actions or properties (i.e., it is the essence...

languages among Arabic speakers. Additionally, Maghrebi Arabic has a Latin substratum, which may have been derived from the African Romance that was used as...

substratum of Romanian and a closely related language to Albanian, a circular method criticised by mainstream historical linguistics. The substratum words...

animals after their larval phase: they then remain firmly attached to their substratum, such as rocks and shells.[citation needed] There are 2,300 species of...

the ancient barony of Castleknock. In geology, the townland rests on a substratum of limestone and comprises 166 statute acres, the whole of which is arable...

Biofouling initial process: (left) Coating of submerged "substratum" with polymers. (moving right) Bacterial attachment and extracellular polymeric substance...

language, which broadly uses vigesimal numeration. This pre-Indo-European substratum has also been identified as one of the contributing factors to the customs...

regional language variety with minor modifications to the same linguistic substratum as other Dramatic Prakrit varieties. Among the Prakrits, Shauraseni is...

within the Romance languages. It is characterized by a Celtic linguistic substratum and a Lombardic linguistic superstratum and is a cluster of homogeneous...

Sea Region and represented primarily by the Trabzon dialect, exhibits substratum influence from Greek in phonology and syntax; it is also known as Laz...

Godhead refers to the aspect or substratum of God that lies behind God's actions or properties (i.e., it is the essence of God), and its nature has been...

North Indian cultures survives in Maldivian society, with a clear Elu substratum in the language, which also appears in place names, kinship terms, poetry...

characteristic of the Coptic substratum of Egyptian Arabic. Some authors have argued for the influence of a substratum of the Coptic language which was...

host. In annelids, it is basically a locomotory organ for attaching to a substratum. The name also applies to the suction appendage on the arms of cephalopod...

eastern Indonesia, it shows evidence of having a Papuan (non-Austronesian) substratum, but in the case of Sika, this includes extreme morphological simplification...

most steppe polities of an ethno-linguistic mix, may have also played a substratal role." Lee, Joo-Yup; Kuang, Shuntu (2017). "A Comparative Analysis of...

spoken in Sichuan, China. The Khalong Tibetan language has a Zbu/Showu substratum, as evident from its phonology and grammar. Zbu has nine vowel phonemes:...

but distinct from it. In this role, a substance can be referred to as a substratum or a thing-in-itself. Substances are particulars that are ontologically...

underlying substratum. Due to human activity, the topsoil and subsoil in many environments have been mixed. Below the subsoil is the soil substratum (or C...

12 km2 (30 acres) on top of red soil that has evolved on a limestone tuff substratum. The earliest beginnings of the gardens go back to 1779, when the Accademia...

the dual number. Glossary of sound laws in the Indo-European languages Substratum in the Vedic language Peter Bellwood; Immanuel Ness (10 November 2014)...

Europe, whether a Pre-Indo-European Mediterranean substratum or an early Indo-European substratum. These pan-European theories are rejected by recent...

reconstructed. Michael Fortescue believes that Kamchatkan may have a substratum of a language formerly spoken by a remnant Beringian population. For instance...

hylomorphism. In Book VIII, he distinguishes the matter of the substance as the substratum, or the stuff of which it is composed. For example, the matter of a house...

in torrential waters and uses its mouth sucking disc to cling to the substratum. It can grow to 13.8 cm (5.4 in) total length. Fricke, Ron; Eschmeyer...

rock. The legend tried to explain the inexplicable. As it came out of a substratum of truth it had in turn to end in the inexplicable. This short piece by...

middle-class sociolect; and the lower-class sociolect, which had the strongest substratum influence. The upper class oriented itself towards a standardized variety...

probably of North Italian stock with an Eastern Golaseccian cultural substratum and of princely social rank. She would have been the wife of a Bituriges...

Company in early Canada, a creole language called Bungi developed, with substratal influence from Scottish English, Orcadian Scots, Norn, Scottish Gaelic...

part of the Kipchak subgroup. Many of these languages have a Yeniseian substratum. Alexander Vovin (2017) notes that Tofa and other Siberian Turkic languages...

Tripogon fibrosissimus Landge & Manoj Chandran, growing on wet moss substratum in quartzite and sandstone rocks in Gandikota hill, Kadapa district, Andhra...

Windfuhr identified Kurdish dialects as Parthian, albeit with a Median substratum. Windfuhr and Frye assume an eastern origin for Kurdish and consider it...

foot, which is adapted to different purposes (locomotion, grasping the substratum, burrowing or feeding) in different classes. The foot carries a pair of...

state that akasha (aether) is the fifth physical substance, which is the substratum of the quality of sound. It is the one, eternal, and all-pervading physical...

words with clicks are basic vocabulary. If so, the clicks represent a substratum. The classification of Dahalo is obscure. Traditionally included in South...

Himalayish language Zhangzhung as its superstratum, and Rgyalrongic as its substratum (both languages are part of the broader Sino-Tibetan family). However...

thin tubes buried in sediment (Pogonophora) or in tubes attached to hard substratum (Vestimentifera) at ocean depths ranging from 100 to 10,000 m (300 to...

Tagalog/Filipino that mixes in English words, where Tagalog/Filipino is the substratum and English is the superstratum. Next to code-switching between sentences...

The Gronings (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɣroːnɪŋs] ) (or Groninger) dialects or language, known in Gronings itself as Grunnegs or Grönnegs, are some of the...

middle Grayish brown clay loam Subsoil - lower Light olive brown clay loam Substratum Light yellowish brown clay loam The soil forming factors provide a unique...

entered Asturian from languages spoken before the arrival of Latin (its substratum), afterwards (its superstratum) and loanwords from other languages. Although...

This article contains Levantine written in Arabic characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see احنا‎ and احنا‎ appearing as two different...

the Basques Prehistory and Roman Empire Origin of the Basques Vasconic substratum theory Proto-Basque language Basque mythology Vascones Early Middle Ages...

migration, with an intrusive language acting as either a superstratum or a substratum. When speakers of different languages interact closely, it is typical...

A growth of the green seaweed Ulva on rock substratum at the ocean shore; some green seaweeds like Ulva are quick to utilize inorganic nutrients from land...

in the distance but was not able to explore, were mainly formed by a substratum of bones and tusks of mammoths. Lyakhov went on another exploratory venture...

[Come here, I want to tell you something]. Today, there are still some substratum words of Wursten Frisian in the Low German dialect of the Wursten landscape...

hypotheses regarding its nature are based on possible loanwords, the substratum in Vedic Sanskrit, and some terms recorded in Sumerian cuneiform (such...

Anatolia and northwestern Azerbaijan. According to Lewis (1974), an older substratum of these oral traditions dates to conflicts between the ancient Oghuz...

claimed to identify a similarity between Iberian and Basque. Vasconic substratum hypothesis: this proposal, made by the German linguist Theo Vennemann...

multilingües en la toponimia del extremo sur de Chile" [Multilingual substratum and superstratum in the toponymy of the south of Chile]. Estudios Filológicos...

Halligen Wiedingharde Insular Eiderstedt Föhr–Amrum Heligolandic Sylt Substratum dialects Amelands East Frisian Low Saxon Gronings Midslands Stadsfries...

language contact in Europe, including proposals involving a Vasconic substratum and Afroasiatic influence, which have been debated in historical linguistics...

closely related substratum theory says that each concrete object is made up of properties and a substratum. The difference is that the substratum is not characterized...

unique words that cannot be derived from Sinhala. Vedda has exerted a substratum influence in the formation of Sinhala. This is evident by the presence...

(and functioning) of the body. They consist of: Rasa dhatu (lymph) the substratum formed just after the digestion of food. The main function of this Dhatu...

refer to this influence as "adstratum" rather than "substratum". Conversely, opponents of the substratum theories have often dismissed the potential impact...

cells, two lines with constitutively activated ERK. Loss of contact with substratum triggers apoptosis in many normal cell types, a phenomenon termed anoikis...

eastern dialect features and central dialect features as an indication of a substratum of eastern Nahuatl and a superstratum of central Nahuatl. Una Canger (1980:15–20)...

Timeless Days (2011) Johnny Newman – More than Ever (2011) Anatomy of I – Substratum (2011) Sylencer – A Lethal Dose of Truth (2012, guest) Synesis Absorption...

1.05mar. ISSN 0920-9034. Retrieved 3 January 2026. from the Karipúna substratum (Henri Wittmann. 1995, "Grammaire comparée des variétés coloniales du...

portal Language portal Linguistics portal Politics portal Eastern Romance substratum Legacy of the Roman Empire Moldova–Romania relations Thraco-Roman The...

Gonzalo; Herrero-Borgoñón, uan J. (2013). "The "Alluvial Mesovoid Shallow Substratum", a New Subterranean Habitat". PLOS ONE. 8 (10) e76311. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...

argued by Michael Witzel and Alexander Lubotsky, there is a proposed substratum in proto-Indo-Iranian that can be plausibly identified with the original...

did not derive from the ideas of the Reformation but were rooted in a "substratum of peasant beliefs, perhaps centuries old, that were never wholly wiped...

that is 15 to 40% solids and weight with the rest being liquid) into the substratum. Another material worth mentioning is EZVI (emulsified ZVI) which is a...

rearrange words and sentences. These methods were used to derive the esoteric substratum and deeper spiritual meaning of the words in the Bible. Notarikon was...

complex historical process involving a pre-Islamic Kurdish religious substratum and the teachings of Sheikh Adi ibn Musafir. Scholars generally regard...

French-lexified except for flora and fauna terms, with a complex mix of substratum languages—most notably the Arawakan Karipúna language, identical with...

to as "illuviation". The B horizon generally has a soil structure. C) Substratum: Layer of non-indurated poorly weathered or unweathered rocks. This layer...

based on the unproven theory that Dacian constitutes the main linguistic substratum of Romanian and a closely related language to Albanian, a circular method...

conceived as the anti-entropic principle of the universe, a creative substratum in all of nature comparable to Mesmer's animal magnetism (1779), to the...

now lost in Standard Korean. Jeju may also have a Peninsular Japonic substratum, but this argument has been disputed. Jeju was already divergent from...

process of language shift, Lebanese Arabic possesses a significant Aramaic substratum, along with later non-Semitic adstrate influences from Ottoman Turkish...

which the story was told, and moved by the reverberation of the whole substratum of meaning, of sexual antagonism, desire, and despair." Hudson was given...

language spoken near the Qabiao area, is notable for having a Qabiao substratum (Hsiu 2014:68-69). In Vietnam, Qabiao is spoken in Đồng Văn District,...

long period. Linguist Theo Vennemann (2003) has also proposed a Vasconic substratum hypothesis, suggesting that the ancestors of the Basque language spread...

and runaway children, teenagers, and young adults, which created a new substratum of the homeless population (street children or street youth). In 2015...

Matthias Castrén concluded that Koibal and Karagas have a Yeniseian substratum, after meeting with speakers who used Yeniseian words in their speech...

their cloacae become swollen. Males deposit their spermatophores in the substratum of the environment. The female will then pick them up with her cloaca...

three major horizons: the surface horizon (A), the subsoil (B), and the substratum (C). Most soils have an organic horizon (O) on the surface, but this horizon...

Agni and Asvini Kumaras—who are sustained by Her and She is the source, substratum and support of the whole world. She is verily Brahmasvarupini (embodiment...

traces of an Armenian phonological, lexical, grammatical, and calque substratum in the dialect of Tat-speaking Armenians. There are also Armenian affricates...

which is only present in Duano (though this may be due to the non-Malayic substratum), and was merged with -i elsewhere. Proto-Malayic lexemes are mostly disyllabic...

CITEREFBeekes2014 (help) Mihaylova 2012, pp. 80–81ps: "As for the Anatolian substratum in Greece, which Beekes definitely rejects, I would like to quote the...

in a small area of Calabria), attributed by some scholars to a Basque substratum was the mutation of Latin initial f into h- whenever it was followed by...

conversely, millet cultivation to Pre-Austronesians. An Austronesian substratum in formerly Austronesian territories that have been Sinicized after the...

Survakane Turoń Zvončari Strahilov, Ivo. (2022). Between the "Thracian Substratum" and "Oriental Accretions": Bulgarian Mumming and the National Heritage...

evaluate likely succession stages in a seral community. Depending on the substratum and climate, a seral community can be one of the following: Look up Seral...

ice sheet, (2) Mesozoic marine deposits, (3) crystalline substratum, (4) crystalline substratum, (5) lower crust, (6) Cretaceous Andean pluton, (7) stratiform...

Almohads. The African Romance Latin dialect constituted a significant substratum of the modern varieties of the Berber languages and Maghrebi Arabic. After...

(2017) reported a new endemic plant Rotala kanayensis from the marshy substratum of a drying depression on the lateritic rock surface. "Kanayi topographic...

a divergent Kra-Dai language with a Hlai superstratum and a non-Hlai substratum. The Proto-Hlai language is the reconstructed ancestor of the Hlai languages...

in countries other than the US and Canada, languages based on ASL with substratum influence from local sign languages, and mixed languages in which ASL...

gradually supplanted following Roman conquest, but not without leaving a substratum of lexical and morphological influence. A significant number of Portuguese...

Proto–South Dravidian is the linguistic reconstruction of the common ancestor of the southern Dravidian languages native to southern India. Its descendants...

Pre-Latin (mostly Paleo-Sardinian and, to a much lesser degree, Punic) substratum, as well as a Byzantine Greek, Catalan, Spanish, French, and Italian superstratum...

strongly suggests that the Kerait tribe belonged to the Mongolic-speaking substratum. At the same time, Ushnitsky himself described the Keraites as a mysterious...

2022-06-18. Retrieved 2019-02-23. Matasović, Ranko (2019-04-15). "The substratum in Insular Celtic" (PDF). Journal of Language Relationship. Gorgias Press...

appears to have a Bongo–Bagirmi superstratum and a non-Bongo–Bagirmi substratum. Some lexical items in Sinyar have cognates in Bongo–Bagirmi languages...

Eastern Romance languages Vulgar Latin language Substratum Thraco-Roman culture Romanian including Moldovan Alphabet Romanian Cyrillic Moldovan Cyrillic...

languages of the Balkans, which left traces of the Mediterranean-Balkan substratum. On the other hand, Baltic and Slavic, together with Germanic, as well...

Hajong is an Indo-Aryan language with a possible Tibeto-Burman language substratum. It is spoken by approximately 80,000 ethnic Hajongs across the northeast...

also called epibenthos, are aquatic animals that live on the bottom substratum as opposed to within it, that is, the benthic fauna that live on top of...

archival service (link) Moore 2024, p. 110, chpt. 3"It's a Symbolist substratum, as yer might say, what our London's standin' on ... Y'see, that world...

complex historical process involving a pre-Islamic Kurdish religious substratum and the teachings of Sheikh Adi ibn Musafir. Scholars generally regard...

substantial form is necessarily immaterial. Because matter provides a stable substratum for a change in form, matter always has the potential to change. Thus...

deep Eurasian lineage is likely to represent the Paleolithic genetic substratum of the Plateau populations. Wang, Hongru; Yang, Melinda A.; Wangdue, Shargan;...

as Mandarin and Cantonese, and displays very significant elements of a substratal indigenous language, perhaps belonging to the Austroasiatic or Tai–Kadai...

earlier Sumerian, Akkadian and Canaanite creation myths show a matriarchal substratum that has been overlaid by a patriarchal approach. "In the Bible, the earth...

such as Krio, Saramaccan and Papiamento, have tone from their African substratum languages. In some cases, it is difficult to determine whether a language...

three major horizons—the surface horizon (A), the subsoil (B), and the substratum (C). Some soils have an organic horizon (O) on the surface, but this horizon...

simulator based on a cellular automaton complex enough to represent the substratum of an artificial chemistry. It is deterministic, internally consistent...

down all levels of Creation in ever more concealed mode as the divine substratum of everything. The Zohar goes into great detail describing the White Head...

Eastern Romance languages Vulgar Latin language Substratum Thraco-Roman culture Romanian including Moldovan Alphabet Romanian Cyrillic Moldovan Cyrillic...

devised by a native Daur scholar. The Dagur language retains some Khitan substratal features, including a number of lexemes not found in other Mongolic languages...

similar customs, legends, and numerous shared cognates in the linguistic substratum of both the Red Yao branches indicate a common origin. The linguistic...

Williams, this consciousness "takes the substratum consciousness as its object and mistakenly considers the substratum consciousness to be a true Self." The...

Tamian or tāmnieku) of Latvian was more affected by the Livonian language substratum than Latvian in other parts of Latvia. It is divided into the Vidzeme...

consistently reflected in spelling. Other effects of the Oscan substratum are postulated, but substratum claims are highly controversial. Neapolitan has mostly...

high-molecular-weight cytoskeletal protein concentrated at regions of cell–substratum contact and, in lymphocytes, at cell–cell contacts. Discovered in 1983...

mammoth ivory there as he believed the islands were mainly formed by a substratum of bones and tusks of mammoths. He explored the follow-up Lyakhovsky Islands...

Halligen Wiedingharde Insular Eiderstedt Föhr–Amrum Heligolandic Sylt Substratum dialects Amelands East Frisian Low Saxon Gronings Midslands Stadsfries...

Bible, in the belief that by this method they can derive the esoteric substratum and deeper spiritual meaning of the words (the others are gematria and...

Latin and, to a much smaller degree, the influences from an unidentified substratum, and in the context of a lessened power of the Roman central authority...

earlier suggestion and presented the hypothesis of a (North-)'Achaean' substratum extending as far north as the head of the Thermaic Gulf, which had a continuous...

abrasion; paint leaves a film that is easily differentiated from the substratum; and the alkydalics' chemical tolerance to acids, alkalis and detergents...

Khôra (χώρα). This designates a receptacle (Timaeus 48e), space, material substratum, or interval in which the "forms" were originally held; it "gives space"...

in China. Colloquial readings are generally considered to represent a substratum, while their literary counterparts are considered a superstratum. Colloquial...

Lower Egypt. Established scholarship have identified a common African substratum for the formation of early Egypt which included the Naqada cultural practices...

idiosyncratic power and authority (as an avatar of Hinduism) a universal substratum of religion—Brahman, the Self—which cannot be accepted as justifying the...

as well as shared lexical proto-forms from a common pre-Indo-European substratum. The Balkanic subgroup comprises three branches of modern and well-attested...

have been a culture with an Indo-European superstratum over a Uralic substratum,[citation needed] and may account for some of the linguistic borrowings...

is centred on the town of Leixlip. In geology, the parish rests on a substratum of limestone, and contains chalybeate springs. It lies at the confluence...

serpentine substratum produced smaller stem leaves with the blades chordate shaped and dentate margins; plants grown on limestone substratum featured lanceolate...

varies from white to brown and purple, harmonizing with the color of the substratum on which they live. The Orthoptera Species File lists: Batrachidacris...

activities of consciousness. Noemata have three different levels: The substratum, which is never presented to consciousness, and is the support of all...

examination of being or brahman in Amrutanubhava. He considers being to be the substratum of thought which enables thought and cognition. Since being is prior to...

linguistic traditions, which doubtless became reduced to a linguistic substratum, for it ceased to be recorded in inscriptions. Towards the end of the...

developments", and "Nubia and Egypt were both part of the great East African substratum". Williams also wrote that Qustul "could well have been the seat of Egypt's...

it inconsistently because the feature is not present in the dialectal substratum, and it is not usually shown in the written language unless a single word...

is common to glue the eggs to a firm surface, like vegetation or the substratum. These eggs are often resting eggs, and remain dormant during desiccation...

and that both emerging kingdoms "belonged to the 'great East African substratum'." During the Early Dynastic Period (ca. 3050-2685 BC) and the Old Kingdom...

deity which is worshipped rather than with the abstract Brahman, the substratum of all that exists. Vishishtadvaita Vedanta, which promotes qualified-monism...

Northern France. Piggott describes the culture as composed of an underlying substratum, similar to the contemporary food vessel culture found further north,...

the Iberian Peninsula – issues of national identity and Proto-Celtic substratum". Ppg.revistas.uema.br. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Gamito, Teresa Júdice...

likeness. A notion of a pre-earthly existence is found in an important substratum, teaching that whites either had a spiritual or extraterrestrial pre-existence...

The Lamaholot language shows evidence of a Papuan (non-Austronesian) substratum, with about 50 percent of the lexicon being non-Austronesian. Various...

degrees of anglicisation, it is hard to determine the extent of the Irish substratum. The Oxford Companion to the English Language puts it at 2,000–3,000 words...

Northern Sami Substratum Word English áidni bearded seal ákču harbor seal buovjja beluga dealljá harp seal deavut gray seal gáhtir seal's flipper jeagis...

group of Finno-Ugric languages and its heritage in the place names and substratum vocabulary of the Russian North". In Nuorluoto, Juhani (ed.). The Slavicization...

Pre-Finno-Ugric substrate refers to substratum loanwords from unidentified non-Indo-European and non-Uralic languages that are found in various Finno-Ugric...

South Arabian and Old South Arabian languages and possesses significant substratum from these languages. Tihamiyya Arabic has many aspects that differentiate...

Song Dynasty. In Hakka and Gan, Sagart (2002) identifies a non-Chinese substratum that is possibly Hmong–Mien, an archaic layer, and a more recent Late...

(2003) believe Ongota is an East Cushitic language with a Nilo-Saharan substratum—that is, that Ongota speakers shifted to East Cushitic from an earlier...

criticism, Ginzburg would later return to the theories about a shamanistic substratum for his 1989 book Ecstasies: Deciphering the Witches' Sabbath, and it...

The substratum–superstratum distinction becomes awkward when multiple superstrata must be assumed (such as in Papiamento), when the substratum cannot...

uéve (Italian uovo, "egg"). Molisan also contains lexis derived from a substratum of Oscan, a language spoken by the Samnites. For example, pjéskje ("rocks"...

material stripping of minimalism, conceptual art renounced the material substratum to focus on the mental process of artistic creation, affirming that art...

Greek : Μάχη της Πόντε Περάτι "Undoubtedly a solid anti-Italian sentimental substratum had developed among public opinion, despite the conventional propriety...

Maslama'). The name maslama contains an Arabic or Syriac participal-nominal substratum like muslim (submitter). Maslama may be a title derived from aslam which...

fridge for few days with the red sarcotesta in a closed container with wet substratum (sawdust or sans, among others) at low temperatures (4 °C approx.). These...

edge to see the buttons.[citation needed] Paranoid Android also features Substratum theme support alongside their own Color Engine, accidental touch rejection...

(as a "third kind" [triton genos]; Timaeus 48e4), a space, a material substratum, or an interval. In Plato's account, khôra is described as a formless...

brigade was not dispatched). "Undoubtedly a solid anti-Italian sentimental substratum had developed among public opinion, despite the conventional propriety...

Jiu river. Vâlcea is the Romanian word for a narrow valley. Vran is a substratum word believed to mean "forest" or "mountain". "Primele atestari documentare...

latent in the En-Sof as a dynamic force. The second Sefirah emanated as a substratum for the intellectual world; afterward the other Sefirot emanated, forming...

possibly exhibiting the influence of a hypothetical Papuan linguistic substratum. When written, it is spelled with Indonesian-like orthographic conventions...

earlier suggestion and presented the hypothesis of a (North-)'Achaean' substratum extending as far north as the head of the Thermaic Gulf, which had a continuous...

Wall Brazda lui Novac Culture Daco-Roman Thraco-Roman Eastern Romance substratum Research Archaeological sites in Romania Books Dacianism Dacology Journal...

contemporary Northern Germans exhibit only an intermediate Low German substratum in their speech. In German-speaking Switzerland, there is no such continuum...

sentences. Some authors have proposed that there may be evidence of a substratum or adstratum language for geographic features and various crafts and agricultural...

the mixed identity and those that continue to prioritise the Galician substratum. Supporters of the former, mostly in Asturias, identify Eonavian as part...

Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhism. In the Yogacara view, rūpa is not a substratum or substance which has sensibility as a property. For this school, it...

circumcision, and male coming of-age rituals, all suggesting an African substratum or foundation for Egyptian civilisation". Smith also wrote in 2004: "Egyptian...

of the island above the cliffs is covered with tussock grassland on a substratum of peat undermined with petrel burrows. The environment includes herbfield...

name *Drama (indicating some kind of ownership) or may be of pre-Slavic substratum origin. See also Dramlje. There are two churches in the settlement. The...

analysis of Yezidism, Yārisān (Ahl-e Haqq) and Zoroastrianism: a common substratum?". Folia Orientalia. 45–46. Pirbari, Dimitri; Grigoriev, Stanislav. Holy...

South that all societies have a substratum, and that the new liberal social order was more harmful to this substratum than either the previous feudal...

discussed in pages 64–67. Page 65:"In recent years the primary role of the substratum... has been disputed. Best documented is the CT- > it change which is...

ISBN 978-1-137-57040-6. Rubio, Gonzalo (1999). "On the alleged "Pre-Sumerian substratum"". Journal of Cuneiform Studies. 51: 1–16. doi:10.2307/1359726. JSTOR 1359726...

the Basques Prehistory and Roman Empire Origin of the Basques Vasconic substratum theory Proto-Basque language Basque mythology Vascones Early Middle Ages...

divided into two main layers: the surface formations and the basement substratum. The surface terrains, which formed after the Paleozoic era, consist primarily...

different in shape and size, as the left one is concave and fixed to the substratum, while the right one is almost flat and fits inside the left. The inner...

texts, Breton is useful for its lack of English influence. The Brittonic substratum influence on English is considered to be very small, but a number of publications...

affinities with Eastern African populations and arose from an African substratum rather than deriving from the Mesopotamian or Mediterranean regions. A...

The Turkic-related component may be brought by eastern Eurasian genetic substratum. Other proponents of a Turkic language theory include E.H. Parker, Jean-Pierre...

Antonijević, Dragoslav. "A Contribution to the Study of the Folklore Ritual Substratum in the Balkans". In: Balcanica: annuaire de l'Institut des études balkaniques...

Sinhala and Tamil in the island of Sri Lanka, as well as through Dravidian substratum effect on the Sinhala language. According to linguists, there are about...

them along the bottom. Thus, the grains and clasts interact with the substratum during transport. By contrast, saltation, a related sediment transport...

beneath the Catholicism of the islanders, it was possible to detect a substratum of the pagan beliefs of their ancestors. His experiences in the Arans...

society, such as an immigrant group, where the minority language forms a substratum, and the changed forms can ultimately influence majority usage. Social...

against a P- vs Q-Celtic division, but they may instead reflect a common substratum influence from the pre-Celtic languages of Britain and Ireland,[1], or...

distinct, having been influenced by Maasai and perhaps also by an unknown substratum, but it shows closest resemblance with the Arboroid languages. Bender...

French but differs slightly in that it contains details from its African substratum language. Both Haitian Creole and French have also experienced semantic...

a total of 1,592 words. The Khalong Tibetan language has a Gyalrongic substratum. The Chamdo languages (consisting of Lamo, Larong, and Drag-yab, a group...

followed in other documents of that period. We can see that there is a Tamil substratum and that there are some rather crude Prakritisations of Tamil words in...

Austronesian languages, but instead was influenced by an Austronesian substratum or adstratum. Those who propose this scenario suggest that the Austronesian...

heavily criticized by otaku. This can be explained by how the database (substratum) and the simulacra (superstratum) are understood differently, according...

pronounced the verdict, cited the High Court's decision, "There is simply 'no substratum of fact to support a real possibility of relief being granted.'" Nazeri's...

solution has been found to date and the placename may be from a yet-unknown substratum language and thus simply opaque. For example, writing in 1549, Donald...

touching each other) and eventually settle between the stromal cells and the substratum (here the dish surface) or trapped in the cellular processes between the...

Pidal quotes the name of Ocaña to support his thesis of the Ligurian substratum in the Iberian Peninsula. Ocaña is located on the tableland known as Mesa...

2020). "Poduromorpha (Collembola) from a sampling in the mesovoid shallow substratum of the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (Madrid and Segovia, Spain):...

that country whose language is our language, and whose laws form the substratum of our laws. It is scarcely conceivable that the term was not employed...

Expanded. Yale University Press. p. 156. ISBN 978-0-300-19573-6. "pH of the substratum (5 states)". Italic 7.0, a publication of University of Trieste. Retrieved...

there were a neutral substratum behind the strong man, which was free to express strength or not do so. But there is no such substratum; there is no "being"...

literary works. The Warsaw dialect is composed mostly of the Polish language substratum, with notable (mostly lexical) influences from the Masovian dialect of...

McNamara, Ratnākaraśānti criticises this view, holding that "there must be a substratum—the other-dependent nature—and that this does indeed survive the neither-one...

B "Central Ciscaucasia in Antiquity and Early Middle Ages: Caucasian Substratum and Migrations of the Iranic-Speaking Tribes." (1988). TITUS: Caucasian...

and degrees of intelligence and ignorance, is not the most desirable substratum for government. To subject intelligent, highly educated, virtuous, honorable...

Blažek (2019) suggests that the Pamir languages have a Burushaski-like substratum. Although Burushaski is today spoken in Pakistan to the south of the Pamir...

them to rest on the substratum to avoid being swept away. One study found 70% of F. gymnotum specimens residing in rocky substratum, as well as cobble...

extinct ungulate animals and neanderthal humans were found on the clay substratum that got uncovered during the low tide at the shore. They date back from...

and they also later noted the unknown population. It is found in firm substratum and on mud before modification. Its habitat was impounded in 1946 and...

et des départements voisins. de L. Gasté. 99 pp. 1883. Étude sur les substratums des Lichens. L. Clouzot, 87 pp. 1884. L'autonomie des lichens: ou, Réfutation...

main layers in the vocabulary of modern Min varieties: A non-Chinese substratum from the original languages of Minyue, which Norman and Mei Tsu-lin believe...

Balkans, possible pre-existence of identical grammatical structures in its substratum (as opposed to the substrata over which the other Romance languages developed)...

various dialects of Egyptian Arabic, which is characterised by a Coptic substratum in lexical, morphological, syntactical, and phonological features. The...

exaggerations, its linearity, its total lack of verisimilitude, its theoretical substratum and its literary references, this work carves meaning out of human reality...

The upper altitude of its range is believed to be 450 meters. The clay substratum in riparian areas of the Carpathians is believed to be important for Euscorpius...

upon gaining access systemically. S. gordonii also forms an attachment substratum for later colonizers of tooth surface and can modulate the pathogenicity...

substratum, with the idea that Indo-Chinese languages were essentially isolating as well as tonal. Maspero later attributed the putative substratum to...

lack the myofibroblast lining). Fibroblasts can also migrate slowly over substratum as individual cells, again in contrast to epithelial cells. While epithelial...

Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences and remains influential as a substratum of Turanism, where a hypothetical common linguistic ancestor has been...

response in fish. Because of its unique capability to live on hard bottom substratum in South Carolina among its coastal regions and estuaries and of its abundance...

vocabulary distinctive of some of the Delta Yokuts dialects may reflect substratal influence from pre-proto-Yokuts or from an extinct Yok-Utian language...

obliquely septated mainly for absorption of minerals and anchorage to substratum. Divided into 3 regions: epidermis (outermost single layered protective...

parallel to their substratum. As they move their body forward, they bring their hood down until it makes contact with the substratum. Water is pushed from...

front and back. The central pillars have two rows of rooftop roofs. The substratum can form a corridor if it is covered by the second column. The corrugated...

language that resembles Nivkh was once distributed in Korea and became the substratum of Koreanic languages. Kim Bang-han proposed that placename glosses in...

85 words were preserved only in Albanian. Hamp refers to an "Albanoid substratum" in Eastern Romance, arguing its early formation was shaped by language...

350–352 Tonoyan, Artyom (2019). "On the Caucasian Persian (Tat) Lexical Substratum in the Baku Dialect of Azerbaijani. Preliminary Notes". Zeitschrift der...

have originally been one of the deities whose names belong to a proposed substratum, originally proposed by Alfonso Archi. It has been argued that a number...

Cornell University Press. ISBN 9780801401732. McWhorter, John H. (1992), "Substratal influence in Saramaccan serial verb construction", Journal of Pidgin and...

and that "Catholic values that permeated the conservative ideological substratum" were "precisely what was wielded by the Francoist Spanish political doctrine...

B "Central Ciscaucasia in Antiquity and Early Middle Ages: Caucasian Substratum and Migrations of the Iranic-Speaking Tribes." (1988). Sudaba Zeynalova...

connection between (Great) Andamanese and Trans–New Guinea, but of a substratum from an earlier migration to New Guinea from the west. Greenberg also...

the Hungarian language was largely formed on the basis of the Slavic substratum of the former Principality of Pannonia.[citation needed] The Czech word...

which was radically transformed under the influence of a North Caucasian substratum when its speakers moved from the area north of the Caspian Sea to the...

" An assemblage of older scholarship have identified a common African substratum for early Egyptian cultural practices. Central African tool designs are...

thus obtained have shed light on the true nature of the Paleo-Sardinian substratum, that is, of an agglutinative language, which shows clear structural correspondences...

the species are hermaphrodites. The species deposits their eggs on a substratum, where they eventually hatch into a larval stage, ultimately reaching...

predominantly Semitic and Arabic with a Berber, Latin and possibly Neo-Punic substratum. Tunisian Arabic contains Berber loanwords which represent 8% to 9% of...

of an old group of Indo-European people probably mixed with an older substratum, as well as a refuge of a distinct Kafiri group of Indo-Iranian languages...

Trinidad, W.I. "From the Calendas to the Calenda: On the Afro-Iberian Substratum in Black Performance Culture in the Americas" by Jeroen Dewulf, Journal...

deposits of claystones, shales and sandstones which were detached from their substratum and moved tens of kilometers North. The Flysch Belt and the Neogene volcanic...

of a strong linguistic substratum of Jewish Palestinian Aramaic. Though these targumim were later "orientalised", the substratum belying their origins...

as some Mahāmudra traditions) svasaṃvedana is seen as the primordial substratum or ground (gdod ma'i gzhi) of mind.[citation needed] Following Je Tsongkhapa's...

their premises to justify his position: "Only a substance can be the substratum of an accident" (that is, of a non-essential property of things). Saadia...

Lower quality and less expensive materials can be used for subsoil and substratum layers. Additional layers can also improve the functioning of the soil...

Parmotrema perlatum is a species of lichen native to India, grows on stone substratum, hence the name. Used dried, especially in tempering of meat and also...

island rises into up to 12 m (40 ft) high crest elevations. Its subsurface substratum is coralline rock, and its topography suggests it was once part of an...

corals, Marine Biology 90: 187–190. Creed, J.C., Paula, A.F. De, 2007. Substratum preference during recruitment of two invasive alien corals onto shallow-subtidal...

researchers believed that this system rose out of an earlier decimal (base 10) substratum but that idea has now lost currency. Different products used different...

terminology likely to matter to lichenologists (including "substrate" versus "substratum", and "epispore" versus "perispore") and noted a few omissions in term...

strav- strat- spread, strew prostrate, prostration, stratus, stratum, substratum stō st- stet- stat- stand antestature, circumstance, circumstant, circumstantial...

items. Several decorative elements were probably attached to a wooden substratum, possibly to furniture. Amandry, P.,(1992) Guide de Delphes : le musée...

as the primary drivers. The latter, in particular an increase in rocky substratum, was found to negatively impact abundance and species richness. All of...

Anatolia and northwestern Azerbaijan. According to Lewis (1974), an older substratum of these oral traditions dates to conflicts between the ancient Oghuz...

so from a substratum. Therefore, if the underlying matter of the universe came into existence, it would come into existence from a substratum. But the...

group of Finno-Ugric languages and its heritage in the place names and substratum vocabulary of the Russian North". In Nuorluoto, Juhani (ed.). The Slavicization...

it is not known which Paleo-Balkan language or languages comprise the substratal influence in the Eastern Romance languages. In addition to vocabulary...

in 2003 by Ensemble InterContemporain in the Centre Georges Pompidou, Substratum (2006, revised 2008), a BBC Proms commission for the BBC Symphony Orchestra...

shift, analogous to the rise of English in England", with the Romanian's substratum equivalent to British Celtic, the Balkan Latin stratum similar to Anglo-Saxon...

that are relatively sedentary and live in immediate association with the substratum, but with some terrestrial fruit and aquatic vegetation eaten. M. georgesi...

layer of carbon in the form of graphite, possibly with a kilometers-thick substratum of diamond if there is sufficient pressure. During volcanic eruptions...

borders the parish of Kilcullane. Geologically, the parish rests on a substratum of limestone, except in some few places where the basalt rises. According...

dates it fairly early in the 15th century, with two layers of text: a substratum of older oral traditions related to conflicts between the Oghuz and the...

Original rock substratum...

A; Tomas, F; Terrados, J (2018). "Dispersal of seagrass propagules: substratum and hydrodynamic effects". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 593: 47–59...

Bhakti movement poet, the "Upanishadic teachings form an all-pervasive substratum, if not a basis. We have here a state of affairs that has no parallel...

Parpola, in the same 2013 article, supposed the existence of a Baltic substratum for Finnic, in Estonia and coastal Finland. In the same vein, Kallio argues...

presence of Himariote Greek without intervals is attested by its rich Doric substratum and archaic features. In Palasa, lexical borrowings from Albanian into...

the fungus forms a network of thread-like mycelium that penetrates the substratum on which it grows, and then after 3–5 days of growth begins to reproduce...

implying the existence of a unique prototype supposed to be the underlying substratum of all literary forms referring to a primordial ‘myth.’ The proposed new...

54 (April 1889), pp. 216–229. Denovan, William (1873). "The Physical Substratum of Mechanical Power in Nature". Scientific American. November (22): 324...

speaking Tatar, albeit with a large proportion of Mordvin vocabulary (substratum). The Teryukhan, living in the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast of Russia, switched...

Occitan, Arpitan and Portuguese, all of which have possible Celtic substratums. However, scattered dialects of Romance languages, including Sardinian...

since there is no single underlying ground of all things or metaphysical substratum). Instead they are merely processes that happen "due to the interplay...

Hawu language of Savu Island is suspected of having a non-Austronesian substratum, but perhaps not to any greater extent than the languages of central and...

substrate Also substratum; plural substrata. The surface or base upon which a lichen grows or is attached. Although the terms substratum and substrate...

"Barcoding of Cryptic Stages of Marine Brown Algae Isolated from Incubated Substratum Reveals High Diversity in Acinetosporaceae (Ectocarpales, Phaeophyceae)1"...

higher mortality. A. penicillioides can also alter the physical nature of substratum, which impedes mites' movement and increases food handling time. Female...

Gangetic plain." (Taher 2001, p. 12) "[That Assamese has an Austroasiatic substratum] is consistent with the general assumption that the lower Brahmaputra...

Roman era road in the substratum of Saint Eulalia church...

semantics there are strong influences from Creole. A line between a Creole substratum in Cape Verdean Portuguese and a Creole superstratum in Cape Verdean Portuguese...

Eastern Romance languages Vulgar Latin language Substratum Thraco-Roman culture Romanian including Moldovan Alphabet Romanian Cyrillic Moldovan Cyrillic...

Guinea. The languages of the Raja Ampat Islands show a strong Papuan substratum influence; it is not clear that they are actually Austronesian as opposed...

matter in chapter 9: "For my definition of matter is just this—the primary substratum of each thing, from which it comes to be without qualification, and which...

which was spoken on the island until around the 19th century and is substratal to Pantesco. Many Arabic loanwords are found in Pantesco, for example...

of an old group of Indo-European people, probably mixed with an older substratum, as well as a refuge of a distinct Kafiri group of Indo-Iranian languages...

periostracum is dense, brown, and velvety, except where cleaned off, when the substratum, which is very adherent, may appear polished. The suture is simple. The...

1991)), pp. 261-278 Rubio, Gonzalo (1999), "On the Alleged "Pre-Sumerian Substratum" (Journal of Cuneiform Studies, Vol. 51, 1999 (1999)), pp. 1-16 Wolkstein...

tombs to a pre-Roman culture of the early Iron Age, with a likely Celtic substratum given the similarities with the Hallstatt culture. He made several trips...

the most important, since throughout the centuries it has been the true substratum of the Aragonese historical population. The arrival of Central Europeans...

Yeniseian presence within the Hun confederation, and a possible Hunnic substratum among Hungarian. Many recognisable Turkic and Mongolic words, such as...

doi:10.1075/dia.27.3.03kos. ISSN 0176-4225. Kossmann, M. (2014). "On substratum: The history of the focus marker d in Jijel Arabic (Algeria)". In Féral...

of Timor, as well as those of Aru and Great Andaman, this was due to a substratum and that these languages should be classified as Trans–New Guinea, Austronesian...

Tengushev Mordvins are Erzyans who speak the Erzyan dialect with Mokshan substratum and in fact they are an ethnic group of Erzyans usually referred to as...

form a morphologically similar colony when they are attached with the substratum and reported to radiating, tapered filaments with basal heterocysts. Freshwater...

its pink thallus, flattened ascomata that are largely immersed in the substratum, and by its 7–10 transversely septate ascospores, which range in size...

which standard Italian is based. Sicilian has a very strong Greek-Arab substratum, which give the languages many distinct sounds and flavors not typical...

Vorticella has been found as an epibiont (attached to the surface of a living substratum when in its sessile stage) of crustaceans, the basibiont. This relationship...

S2CID 165598135. Rubio, Gonzalo (1999). "On the Alleged "Pre-Sumerian Substratum"". Journal of Cuneiform Studies. 51. American Schools of Oriental Research:...

the Basques Prehistory and Roman Empire Origin of the Basques Vasconic substratum theory Proto-Basque language Basque mythology Vascones Early Middle Ages...

earlier Sumerian, Akkadian and Canaanite creation myths show a matriarchal substratum that has been overlaid by a patriarchal approach. "In the Bible, the earth...

the Basques Prehistory and Roman Empire Origin of the Basques Vasconic substratum theory Proto-Basque language Basque mythology Vascones Early Middle Ages...

spread of farming from the Near East to Europe, while I2a as a Mesolithic substratum in Europe. In the 2018 study, 10 out of 17 samples from Croatia had a...

and derivations in Portuguese, indicate over 3,000 words. The Celtic substratum is often overlooked, due to the strong Latinisation of Celtic-derived...

namely that Ongota is an East Cushitic language with a Nilo-Saharan substratum. In other words, it would appear that the Ongota people once spoke a Nilo-Saharan...

existence. And the reason for this state of things is that bodies rest on a substratum of matter. Matter is the indeterminate: that with no qualities. If destitute...

nationalistic, and very contemporary vision through which emerged a hypothetical substratum of an original Vietnam that was miraculously preserved throughout a millennium...

as helping to prevent dehydration during low tides. They adhere to the substratum via the adhesion/ suction of the stiffened foot against the rock surface...

term substance is contrasted with its attributes or qualities as their substratum or bearer. But this meaning must not be read into Spinoza. For Spinoza...

descend immanently through all levels of Creation as their concealed substratum Divine intention, though in progressively more concealed mode. Its inner...

borrowing into and then from German), or it may derive from a pre-Slavic substratum. After the Second World War, a Yugoslav labor camp for political prisoners...

diaspora in countries with Italian immigrant communities. Having a Celtic substratum and a Germanic, mostly Lombardic, superstrate, Gallo-Italic descends from...

employing a non-obstante clause without removing the defects forming the substratum of the judgment and contrary to the spirit of multiple judgments of the...

de Silva Jayasuriya, S. (1999). Portuguese in Sri Lanka: influence of substratum languages. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland...

considers Shanke to be a Hakka dialect that may have a She language (Hmongic) substratum. However, Zhao (2004) considers Shanke to be an independent branch of...

D.L. 1975. The influences of rooting volume, seedling espacement and substratum density on greenhouse growth of lodgepole pine, white spruce, and Douglas...

The rooms and cellars were literally ploughed up to see whether the substratum did not conceal some wealth. The people did not limit themselves to alleged...

when needed to resolve a gap, as they nonetheless form the "legitimating substratum" of positive norms. The post-World War II period also saw the traditional...

Turkic-related component may be brought by their eastern Eurasian genetic substratum." Table 2: Sintashta_MLBA, 0.239; Khovsgol LBA, 0.582; Gonur1 BA 0.178...

/s/ ⟨س⟩ and *ś became Arabic /ʃ/ ⟨ش⟩. Militarev identified a Cushitic substratum in Modern South Arabian, which he proposes is evidence that Cushitic speakers...

internal reconstruction. "Pre-X" is sometimes also used for a postulated substratum, as in the Pre-Indo-European languages believed to have been spoken in...

Gangetic plain and the classical Madhyadeśa) who were instrumental in this substratal influence on Sanskrit. Extant manuscripts in Sanskrit number over 30 million...

known to burrow in the seabed. They push their chelae forward against the substratum which in turn pushes their carapace down and backward into the sediment...

that Jiamao has a non-Hlai substratum. Graham Thurgood (1992) suggested that Jiamao might have an Austroasiatic substratum. Norquest (2007) identified...

nature of sat-chit-anand, or existence-knowledge-bliss. Brahman is the substratum on which all the manifested things of the world are projected by imagination;...

 635–7. Leezenberg, Michiel (1993). "Gorani Influence on Central Kurdish - Substratum or Prestige Borrowing?". ILLC Research Report and Technical Notes (X)...

Southern and Central Calabrian dialects are strongly influenced by a Greek substratum and ensuing levels of Latin influence and other external Southern Italian...

(1990) that male and female were seen as "manifestations of a unified substratum" before the 18th century. Cadden addressed medieval discourse in all its...

might contain a major explosion or nuclear accident. Problems with the substratum required the excavation crews to perform more blasting and excavation...

Studies, identified the Kurdish languages as Parthian, albeit with a Median substratum. David Neil MacKenzie, an authority on the Kurdish language, said Kurdish...

Titchener believed that the physical processes provide a continuous substratum that gives psychological processes a continuity they otherwise would not...

have either retained or contain a certain reminiscence of the earlier substratum. The name Erebunni was retained in Yerevan, whereas Tushpa bears resemblance...

its relatives in the area may have contributed to the Hurro-Urartian substratum in the Armenian language. Languages of the Caucasus Northeast Caucasian...

D. F.; Danilowicz, B. S.; Nolan, C. J. (2009). "Reef waters stimulate substratum exploration in planulae from brooding Caribbean corals". Coral Reefs....

sprachbund. However, if they have another explanation (such as an SOV substratum language), then it is possible that P-Celtic is a valid clade, and the...

Theotokos, the "Mother of God", to this still powerful pre-Christian substratum of devotion to a great mother goddess. Ivanits attributes the tenacity...

earlier orogenic episodes. Second, masses floating freely in a fluid substratum, like icebergs in the ocean, should be in isostatic equilibrium (in which...

or retained it as a substratum while Dravidian was displaced; or in the case of Odia, most likely retaining it as a Munda substratum). It can also be found...

deep, very dark brown, coarse, and loamy underlain by sandy skeletal substratum; slightly acid to mutual moderate CaMg and CEC; available highly extractable...

learn that David was a Pantheist. He identified God with the material substratum of all things, materia prima (prime matter). He reduced all reality to...

Veligers mature to a point called "competence" where they settle to the substratum and metamorphose to become the juvenile stage. During metamorphosis they...

modern-day Cañar Quichua (spoken in Cañar Province, Ecuador) has a Cañari substratum, which can be seen in the phonology and lexicon of the dialect. Below...

(mantra) Category:Kirtan performers Nama sankeerthanam Raga Sikh music Substratum in Vedic Sanskrit Vedic Sanskrit Vedic chant Vedic period Difference Between...

many species have special appendages which facilitate attachment to the substratum. Marine fungi can also be found in sea foam and around hydrothermal areas...

may be influenced by factors like ionic composition of water, type of substratum and nutrition of individuals in various habitats. Zettler and colleagues...

main layers in the vocabulary of modern Min varieties: A non-Chinese substratum from the original languages of Minyue, which Norman and Mei Tsu-lin hypothesize...

explosions, but they could not be so steep as to complicate construction. The substratum needed to be firm enough to provide good foundations but not so rocky...

of the case: /jʌŋɡʊl/ ~ /jʌŋɡəl/ /jʌŋɡɪl/. Grierson explains this by substratal Dardic influence, whereas Shackle (1979) finds it more plausible that...

significant early Afro-Asiatic influence on Nobiin, and considers evidence of substratal influence on Nobiin from an earlier now extinct Eastern Sudanic language...

Hongshan culture, based on varying degrees of specific East Asian genetic substratum among modern Turkic speakers. According to historians, "the Proto-Turkic...

is built upon a significant Phoenician, African Romance and Neo-Punic substratum, while its vocabulary is mostly derived from Arabic and a morphological...

many species have special appendages which facilitate attachment to the substratum. A very diverse range of unusual secondary metabolites is produced by...

from breaking waves will extend the intertidal zone. Depending on the substratum and topography of the shore, additional features may be noticed. On rocky...

on shrubs close to the ground. They hold their wings flat against the substratum. The forewing is lowered to cover part of the hindwing and is a typical...

of certain Tharu households is indicative of an archaic, 'indigenous' substratum, potentially predating both Sino-Tibetan or Indo-Aryan settlement. Tharu...

In geology and archaeology, dark earth is a substratum, up to 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) thick, that indicates settlement over long periods of time. The material...

graben, along with faulting and volcanic activity. Uvira's geological substratum is composed of ancient Precambrian rock formations, such as gneisses,...

making shallow carbonate bedrocks, in particular limestone, the prevailing substratum. The predominantly hilly landscape with frequent karst features consists...

The distinctiveness of Tarantino has often been attributed to its Greek substratum, dating back to antiquity and maintained until the sixteenth century,...

identified Kurdish dialects as closer to Parthian, albeit with a Median substratum. The hypothesis of having Median ancestors is rejected by Martin van Bruinessen...

rotting wood, particularly in the outwashes of streams in the decayed-wood substratum of alder, birch, fir and spruce in the late summer and fall. Reported...

soil types makes landslides prevalent. The lithological structure of the substratum and its chaotic tectonic deformation predispose the slope to landslides...

Harar, whose name is an exonym). According to Wolf Leslau, Sidama is the substratum language of Harari and influenced the vocabulary greatly. He identified...

of the bill into the substratum. Another method used to forage is foot-trembling, which involves vibrating the toes on substratum to disturb small insects...

diverse influences. The leontocéphale type reflects the African cultural substratum, the pose on a lion is an oriental influence as it is the sacred animal...

example, because one side of the body is typically pressed against the substratum, and the other is not, there is usually some difference between the two...

geographical order from north to south. (Baima) [possible Burmo-Qiangic substratum] Qiang rGyalrong Lavrung Ergong Choyo nDrapa Guiqiong Minyak Ersuic Namuyi...

sometimes called the North-West European substratum. Kuhn speculated on linguistic affinity of this substratum to the Venetic language, while other hypotheses...

mechanotransduction pathways, allowing cells to sense the stiffness of the substratum. Such signaling is mainly orchestrated in focal adhesions, regions where...

root, called clinging roots, that help the orchid plant cling to the substratum (host). Since a similar function is seen in many other plants' adventitious...

absorbed the Semitic population. Amharic thus developed a larger Cushitic substratum than the more northwardly languages where it also exists such as the Modern...

instead influenced by Austronesian languages, perhaps by an Austronesian substratum. Those who propose the latter scenario suggest that the Austronesian family...

were a neutral substratum behind the strong man, which was free to express strength or not to do so. But there is no such substratum; there is no “being”...

the minority Germanic element appears fully integrated with the local substratum. During the rule of the Vandals, Sardinia traded with the other territories...

deep Eurasian lineage is likely to represent the Paleolithic genetic substratum of the Plateau populations. Wang, Chuan-Chao; Li, Hui (2013). "Inferring...

centuries. Over time, a distinct Indo-Aryan language with an Eastern Hindi substratum developed in Fiji, combining elements of the South Asian Languages spoken...

Influences from the unknown pre-Roman non-or early Indo-European "Mediterran substratum" found across all four regions include the use of the suffix -itanus to...

regulates cell migration by promoting cellular contraction and thus cell-substratum contacts. ROCK increases the activity of the motor protein myosin II by...

travelling craftspeople and vagrants. The language is built on a strong substratum of German, but contains numerous words from other languages, notably from...

that the term is instead of more ancient, Agaw derivation given the Agaw substratum in the Amharic language. According to the local traditions of some of...

noted the presence in Classical Armenian of what he calls a "Caucasian substratum" identified by earlier scholars, consisting of loans from the Kartvelian...

Dagestan." Tonoyan, Artyom (2019). "On the Caucasian Persian (Tat) Lexical Substratum in the Baku Dialect of Azerbaijani. Preliminary Notes". Zeitschrift der...

groups share linguistic affinities and are considered part of the deeper substratum of Togo's settlement history. These autochthonous communities played a...

and dry forests in the coastal valleys, which lie on alluvial and sandy substratum, similar to those found in the lowlands in the NEC; and lower montane...

the Bryges, it has been suggested that there may have been a 'Brygian' substratum or a strong influence by this Paleo-Balkan people. A corpus of inscriptions...

species feed on food fragments and algal or bacterial mat covering the substratum, evaginating their stomach on their food (a frequent feeding mode in sea...

Routlegde. ISBN 0-415-16417-6. Tuscan and Etruscan: The problem of linguistic substratum influence in central Italy by Herbert J Izzo [1] Reviewed Works: Fonologia...

Vladimir Toporov studied the origin of ancient Slavic themes in the common substratum represented by Proto-Indo-European religion and what Georges Dumézil defined...

matter of debate. Edward Wolfers claimed that the syntax is from the substratum languages—the languages of the local peoples. Derek Bickerton's analysis...

allows Kelletia kelletii to reach food items in depressions or within the substratum. Most of the scavenger feedings by Kelletia kelletii attract more than...

de Silva Jayasuriya, S. (1999). Portuguese in Sri Lanka: influence of substratum languages. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland...

languages, which have been attributed to the influence of a Dravidian substratum on Indo-Aryan. Dravidian languages display typological similarities with...

Investigators excavated the grounds of his property until they had exposed the substratum of clay beneath the foundations, finding 29 bodies. Shortly after his...

provides evidence that the philosophical concept of "material substance" or "substratum" has limited meaning at best and that modern man has unknowingly fallen...

(electronics), sometimes called a substrate for deposition or growth processes Substratum (linguistics), in linguistics, a language that influences but is supplanted...

During movement it is repeatedly raised a couple of millimetres from the substratum before being lowered again. As movement continues, circular, diagonal...

having an Ulster Irish superstratum layered over a northern Connacht Irish substratum. By the 18th century, the Penal Laws, which barred Catholics from most...

it with reasons. He was followed by Anaximander, who argued that the substratum or arche could not be water or any of the classical elements but was instead...

karmic effects arose out of "seeds" which were deposited in a mental substratum. The Sautrantika Elder Srilata defended the theory of a "subsidiary element"...

more phonologically, grammatically, and lexically influenced by a Gaelic substratum. Similarly, the English spoken in the North-East of Scotland tends to...

deep insights outlined by Gregory Chaitin relative to the mathematical substratum underlying biological evolution. In particular, it will then be possible...

up to his time was quite unknown to the scientific world as such, the substratum of his writings. I followed thereby the scientific formation of the term...

This legend is mentioned in Sahyadrikhanda of the Skanda Purana. The substratum of the Konkani language lies in the speech of Austroasiatic tribes that...

dialect, referred to in Standard German as Ostfriesisch, the Frisian substratum is still evident, despite heavy Germanisation. The last remaining living...

Indonesian. Paul Sidwell notes that Acehnese likely has an Austroasiatic substratum. Linguist Paul Sidwell wrote that "Sometime during this early phase of...

Nutrient Heterogeneity And The Maintenance Of Species Diversity: Periphyton Response To Substratum And Water Enrichment In A Nutrient-poor Stream (1985)...

"second creation". This conception presupposes a pre-existing matter or substratum out of which the Earth was made. In Philippine mythologies, struggle between...

of the coasts of Kiritimati. It has always been observed near the reef substratum, where it would seek shelter when approached. The fish was first spotted...

brown loam. Upper subsoil is brown loam, lower subsoil is brown clay. Substratum is light brown and brown, indurated duripan with 70 to 90 percent silica-sesquioxide...

phonologically from each other, very likely because of the stronger Celtic substratum in Portuguese, and less so in Spanish. Phonetically Portuguese bears similarities...

beginning in the Late Middle Ages. However, Frisian has remained as a substratum since then in the regions concerned. The only exception to this rule is...

fertilization is external. Eggs are left in open water and yellow tang are substratum egg scatterers. Yellow tang do not guard their eggs, and once the eggs...

identified along the western littoral of Lake Kivu, within its subaqueous substratum, and across the Ruzizi Plain and Lake Tanganyika. Ongoing exploratory...

a hypothetical non-Semitic language previously hypothesized to be the substratum language of the people that introduced farming into Southern Iraq in the...

supply, and with the water table at, or slightly above or below, the substratum.” The Irish Office of Public Works report of 2009 noted that at the time...

miracles, that in producing miracles God often makes use of a natural substratum by greatly enhancing its physical components and their interactions. — Stanley...

construction, the action of the pumps at the new dock carried away a substratum of fine sand. It caused two subsidences of Alexandra Dock's walls. The...

advancing pseudopodium. As long as the cell has a way to grapple the substratum, repetition of this process guides the cell forward. Inside the amoeba...

NRC (in Dutch). Retrieved 2018-09-17. Finney, Malcolm Awadajin (2004). "Substratal Influence on the Morphosyntactic Properties of Krio". Linguistic Discovery...

Redemptive and Spousal Dimensions of Love December 15, 1982 104 5 The Substratum and Content of the Sacramental Sign of Spousal Communion January 5, 1983...

patterns that resemble those of Italian dialects (especially the ones whose substratum is the Neapolitan language) and differ markedly from the patterns of other...

Academia Republicii Socialiste Romania 17: 241–250. Bacescu, M., (1972c). 7. Substratum 7.3 Animals. Pages 1291–1322, In: Kinne, O. (ed.), Marine Ecology, Vol...

classical theory of small-strain, plane-stress elasticity. The elastic substratum method allows for analysis of the displacement field of the elastic substrate...

and cultures were certainly fundamentally influenced by the Caucasian substratum belonging to the Koban culture (Betrozov 2009: 227) — "About Karachay-Balkar...

participation in Common Slavic linguistic development. He also says that a Finnic substratum may have played a role. In the 13th to 15th centuries, there was a marked...

and dark yellowish brown silt loam subsoil to 36 inches (91 cm) and a substratum that is yellowish brown, and dark yellowish brown silt loam down to 80...

to avoid burial by upturned sediment or to colonize empty patches of substratum left behind. Laceration is exhibited by genera such as Actinia tenebrosa...

Lander, A. D. (1991). "Relationship between neuronal migration and cell-substratum adhesion: Laminin and merosin promote olfactory neuronal migration but...

East Frisia. Many Frisians speak Low Saxon dialects which have a Frisian substratum known as Friso-Saxon, especially in East Frisia, where the local dialects...

the mid and late 16th century. Navarro-Aragonese had a strong Basque substratum and adstratum, the former being in close contact with Basque, which in...

part-filled by postglacial sediments providing distributed areas of hard substratum enabling the growth of colonies of the cold-water scleractinian coral...

dreadful conflict between our mind opposing the Creation and the irrational substratum which binds us to it still. Having exhausted his appetites, the man who...

curved edge of fifth segment that remained most ventral and probes the substratum with it during foraging. On the fifth segment parallel to the curved ventral...

point out the southern side of the ford and the flat stones of the ford substratum can still sometimes be seen. A history of confusing Robert Burns handwriting...

borrowing into and then from German), or it may derive from a pre-Slavic substratum. The part of the river between Iška Vas and Strahomer disappeared underground...

collect bacteria upon which they feed and to attach the organism to the substratum. Around this aperture, the pellicle is reflexed around forming a peristomial...

advent of the Indo-European languages. They could still be recognised as a substratum over which the Indo-European languages had imposed themselves. Using this...

(SoLTDM) (sources, thesaurus, textual criticism, phonetics and morphology, substratum, historical geography a.o.) Dacia – The historic region in East-Central...

[the Timor–Alor–Pantar languages] are classified, they contain strong substratum elements of the other … phyla involved” (Wurm et al. 1975:318). Most recently...

Benayahu Y. (2006) Floating and fixed artificial reefs: the effect of substratum motion on benthic communities. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 317: 9-20. Perkol-Finkel...

are. This is the basis for the imparting of the soul upon the material substratum present in the egg, as the female reproductive residue itself contains...

during its expansion). Andersen thinks that different neighboring and substratum languages might have contributed to the differences in basic vocabulary...

750 meters above sea level. The species inhabits the Mesovoid Shallow Substratum (MSS), a superficial subterranean habitat within the soil and rocky debris...

eastern dialect features and central dialect features as an indication of a substratum of eastern Nahuatl and a superstratum of central Nahuatl. Una Canger (1980:15–20)...

event is being produced. It's necessary to also come to terms with a substratum, with what I call semantic pressure, that is with history. Mambo, for...

the water column, except the first two naupliar stages who crawl on the substratum. Cannibalism only occurs by adults on the first two naupliar stages, which...

in Idumea and which toponymy show by their evolution a Judaean Hebrew substratum, followed by an Arabo-Edomite superstratum presumably not devoid of an...

Allopontonia brockii takes advantage of its host when it moves on the substratum to collect its food during the way and also takes benefit of the potential...

population in the parish is Blanchardstown. In geology, the parish rests on a substratum of limestone and comprises 2943 statute acres, the whole of which is arable...

a number of instances", but considers this to be due to a linguistic substratum rather than a direct relationship. Blevins (2007) proposes that the Ongan...

Hudson & Robbeets (2020) suggested that there are traces of a pre-Nivkh substratum in Korean. According to the hypothesis, ancestral varieties of Nivkh (also...

Halligen Wiedingharde Insular Eiderstedt Föhr–Amrum Heligolandic Sylt Substratum dialects Amelands East Frisian Low Saxon Gronings Midslands Stadsfries...

of a change or movement. Aristotle defines matter as, "...the primary substratum of each thing, from which it comes to be per se, [substantially], and...

northern Iberia since the early Middle Ages, traces of a Celtic linguistic substratum persist in local place names and vocabulary. Toponyms with Celtic roots...

loanwords, some of which are similar to the ones found in Chamic. Acehnese substratum (Sidwell 2006). Acehnese has many basic words that are of Austroasiatic...

studying thoughts of Western and Eastern cultures he found the same shared substratum of the collective unconscious, which could be studied historically, but...

and ultimate realty as an integrated One Mind, which is the ultimate substratum of all things (including samsara and nirvana). In the Awakening of Faith...

contract. The podia use a chemical adhesive (no suction) to attach to the substratum. The shingle urchin (Colobocentrotus atratus) has among the most powerful...

the pre-Celtic substratum in the British Islands" Journal of Language Relationship 8 pp. 153—168 Matasović, Ranko (2012) "The substratum in Insular Celtic"...

such as fascin and fimbrin. Filopodia form focal adhesions with the substratum, linking them to the cell surface. Many types of migrating cells display...

prove that it is immortal, but the substratum of matter may also be simple. Since we know nothing of this substratum, both matter and soul may be fundamentally...

instruments, clothing, and more. In Scandinavia and Finland, it was used as the substratum of sod roofs and birch-bark roofs, for making boxes, casks and buckets...

Other than the obvious Arabic influence, and remnants of a pre-Roman substratum, early Mozarabic may also have been affected by African Romance, which...

tube feet, it is assumed that species use their anchors to hold onto the substratum. In the family Chiridotidae, the tentacles around the mouth are forked...

referring to the "corpus" of all of Buddha's qualities Body as a basis or substratum (asraya) of all phenomena, or as the basis for all the Buddha's qualities...

the Basques Prehistory and Roman Empire Origin of the Basques Vasconic substratum theory Proto-Basque language Basque mythology Vascones Early Middle Ages...

Several stalked crinoid species are sessile, attached permanently to the substratum. Movement in most sea lilies is limited to bending (their stems can bend)...

linguists, such as Dovid Katz and Paul Wexler, deny any Judeo-French substratum and treat the Romance words of Yiddish as later borrowings. For Alexander...

Background appears in the ideas of other modern thinkers: as the river-bed/substratum of Wittgenstein's On Certainty ("the work of the later Wittgenstein is...

10). Thus, their language is a Provençal speech with an old Ligurian substratum in which words from French were mixed. (Note 10) Traces of Provençal civilization...