Sées

Sées
Commune
Sées Cathedral
Coat of arms
Location of Sées
Sées Show map of France Sées Show map of Normandy
Coordinates: 48°36′19″N 0°10′19″E
Country	France
Region	Normandy
Department	Orne
Arrondissement	Alençon
Canton	Sées
Intercommunality	Sources de l'Orne
Government
• Mayor (2020–2026)	Mostefa Maachi[1]
Area ^1	40.31 km^2 (15.56 sq mi)
Population  (2021)[2]	4,191
• Density	100/km^2 (270/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code	61464 /61500
Elevation	170–321 m (558–1,053 ft) (avg. 188 m or 617 ft)
^1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km^2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Sées (French pronunciation: [se] ^ⓘ) is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France.^[3] It is classed as a Petite Cité de Caractère.^[4]

Geography

It lies on the river Orne 3 miles (5 km) from its source and 13 miles (20 km) north-by-northeast of Alençon. Sées station has rail connections to Argentan, Caen and Le Mans.

Sées along with another 69 communes is part of a 20,593 hectare, Natura 2000 conservation area, called the Haute vallée de l'Orne et affluents.^[5]

Name

The town's name derives from the Latin (civitas) Sagiensis "city of the Sagii", a Gaulish tribe that turned it into its capital city. The traditional spelling was Séez, which has been retained by the Church; the Diocese of Séez is headed by the Bishop of Séez. However, the spelling Sées was adopted for the town by the civil authorities following Napoleon's successful Italian campaign of 1796–7, one result of which was to bring another (Savoyan) Séez into France.

History

The first bishop of Sées was St Lain, who lived about the fourth century. In the ninth century, Sées was a fortified town and fell prey to the Normans. At that period Sées had two distinct parts: the Orne: the bishop's borough to the north and the new count's borough (Bourg le Comte) to the south. The counts of Alençon took control in 1356. It was captured and recaptured in the wars between Henry II of England and his sons. In the Hundred Years' War it was one of the first towns of Normandy to fall into the hands of the English, in 1418. Pillaged by the Protestants during the Wars of Religion, Sées attached itself to the Catholic League in 1589, but voluntarily surrendered to Henry IV of France in 1590.^[6]

Heraldry

Arms of Sées

The arms of Sées are blazoned : Azure, in pale a fleur de lys Or, a heart argent enflamed Or, and 2 hands clasping argent.

Population

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1968	4,347	—
1975	4,706	+1.14%
1982	4,767	+0.18%
1990	4,547	−0.59%
1999	4,504	−0.11%
2007	4,582	+0.21%
2012	4,358	−1.00%
2017	4,179	−0.84%
Source: INSEE[7]

Points of interest

Sées Cathedral

Sées Cathedral is a Gothic cathedral that is the episcopal see of the Diocese of Séez.^[8][9] The cathedral dates from the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries and occupies the site of three earlier churches.^[10] The west front, which is obscured by the buttresses flying from it, has two stately spires of open work 230 feet (70 m) high. The nave was built towards the end of the thirteenth century. The choir, built soon afterwards, is remarkable for the lightness of its construction. In the choir are four bas-reliefs of great beauty representing scenes in the life of the Virgin Mary; and the altar is adorned with another depicting the removal of the relics of St. Gervais and St. Protais. The church has been the object of frequent restoration and reconstruction. In 1875 it was declared a monument historique.^[10]

National heritage sites

In addition to the cathedral, Sées has nine other buildings and areas listed as a monument historique.^[11]

• Palais d'Argentré built in 1778 is the former Bishopric of Diocese of Séez, it was listed as a monument in 1908.^[12]
• Notre-Dame-du-Vivier church is the remains of a former thirteenth-century church, that would have been the first place of worship in Sées. It was registered as a monument in 1975^[13]
• chapter house a former chapter house built in the fifteenth century, that was registered as a monument in 1972^[14]
• Saint-Martin Abbey a former abbey dating from the sixth century, by monks from the Abbey of Saint-Evroul.^[15] The abbey consists of twelfth- and seventeenth-century components, and was listed in 1968^[16]
• Canonical chapel a former chapel, just north of the cathedral, dating back to the thirteenth century and registered as a monument in 1939^[17]
• Butte Saint-Pierre castle mound a former eleventh-century fortification with a 40-metre diameter base it was registered as a monument in 1996^[18]
• Hotel of Count Curial a former sixteenth-century hotel and listed as a monument in 1937^[19]
• grain Market was built in the nineteenth century and listed in 1980^[20]
• Chapel of the Immaculate Conception built between 1854 and 1859, it was designed by Victor Ruprich-Robert.^[21][22] The church was registered as a monument in 2006.^[22]

Museums

• Musée départemental d'art religieux de Sées is a museum dedicated to showcasing religious art.^[23] It was first opened in 1969 and is based in the old chapter of the cathedral, it houses over 2000 pieces.^[24]

Transport

Sées station has rail connections to Argentan, Le Mans and Flers.^[25]

Notable people

• Latuinus – (died 440) – first bishop of Séez^[26]
• Landry of Sées – (died 480) – a French saint and bishop of Séez.^[27]
• Litardus – was a bishop of Sees from the first half of the sixth century.^[28]
• Adelin of Séez – (died 910) a bishop of Sees^[29]
• Sigefroi – eleventh-century bishop of Sees.^[30]
• Radbod of Seez – eleventh-century bishop of Sees.^[31]
• Ivo of Bellême (died c.1070) – bishop of Sees.^[32]
• Saint Osmund – (died 1099) a Norman noble and clergyman was born here.^[33]
• Marthe Cosnard – (1614–1659) a seventeenth-century French playwright was born here.^[34]
• Jacques Du Frische – (1640–1693) a French Benedictine theologian was born here^[35]
• Guillaume-André-Réné Baston – (1741–1825) a French theologian, who was bishop of Sees from 1813 to 1814.^[36]
• Charles de Bernard de Marigny (1740–1816) a French vice admiral, grand-cross of the ordre de Saint-Louis and commander of the Brest fleet was born here.^[37]
• Auguste-François Maunoury (1811–1898) a Catholic Hellenist and exegete died here.^[38]
• Charles Porset (1944–2011) a writer and historian was born here^[39]
• Jean-Claude Boulanger (born 1945) – was bishop of sees.^[40]

Twin towns – sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in France

Sées is twinned with:^[41]

• Tönisvorst, Germany
• Staré Město, Czech Republic

See also

• Communes of the Orne department
• Parc naturel régional Normandie-Maine

References

1. "Répertoire national des élus: les maires". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 2 December 2020.
2. "Populations légales 2021" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023.
3. "Commune de Sées (61464)". INSEE.
4. "Sées | Petites cités de caractère". www.petitescitesdecaractere.com.
5. "INPN - FSD Natura 2000 - FR2500099 - Haute vallée de l'Orne et affluents - Description".
6. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: "Sées" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. XXI (9th ed.). 1886. p. 621.
7. Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
8. "Diocese of Seez". Catholic Answers.
9. "Cathédrale de Sées SEES : Normandy Tourism". Normandy Tourism, France.
10. "Cathédrale Notre-Dame à Sées – PA00110943". monumentum.fr.
11. "Les Monuments Historiques en Orne – 61". monumentum.fr.
12. "Ancien évêché, dit aussi Palais d'Argentré à Sées – PA00110946". monumentum.fr.
13. "Restes de l'église Notre-Dame-du-Vivier à Sées – PA00110945". monumentum.fr.
14. "Ancien logis capitulaire à Sées – PA00110949". monumentum.fr.
15. "Ancienne abbaye Saint-Martin". pop.culture.gouv.fr.
16. "Ancienne abbaye Saint-Martin à Sées – PA00110942". monumentum.fr.
17. "Ancienne chapelle canoniale à Sées – PA00110944". monumentum.fr.
18. "Motte castrale de la Butte Saint-Pierre à Sées – PA00132905". monumentum.fr.
19. "Ancien hôtel du Comte Curial à Sées – PA00110948". monumentum.fr.
20. "Halle aux grains à Sées – PA00110947". monumentum.fr.
21. "RUPRICH-ROBERT, Victor". institut national d'histoire de l'art. 24 January 2009.
22. "Chapelle de l'Immaculée Conception à Sées – PA61000050". monumentum.fr.
23. "Musée départemental d'art religieux, Sées, undefined – infos et adresse". leparisien.fr.
24. "Au musée d'art religieux de Sées, les œuvres racontent l'histoire de l'Orne". actu.fr. 4 August 2023.
25. Plan du réseau, TER Normandie, accessed 24 September 2023.
26. "Latuinus, Saint from the McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia". McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia Online.
27. Harper, John N. "There are four saints named Landry in Catholicism. Who was ours?". The Daily Advertiser.
28. Elisabeth Deniaux, Claude Lorren, Pierre Bauduin et Thomas Jarry, La Normandie avant les Normands : de la conquête romaine à l'arrivée des Vikings, Rennes, Éditions Ouest-France, coll. « Université », 2002 (ISBN 2-7373-1117-9), p.320-321.
29. Jones, Terry. "Hadelin". Patron Saints Index. Archived from the original on 6 February 2007. Retrieved 25 April 2007.
30. Pierre Bouet et François Neveux, Les Évêques normands du XIe siècle : Colloque de Cerisy-la-Salle (30 septembre – 3 octobre 1993), Caen, Presses universitaires de Caen, 1995, 330 p. (ISBN 2-84133-021-4), « Les évêques normands de 985 à 1150 », p. 19-35.
31. Pierre Bouet et François Neveux, Les évêques normands du XIe siècle : Colloque de Cerisy-la-Salle (30 septembre – 3 octobre 1993), Caen, Presses universitaires de Caen, 1995, 330 p. (ISBN 2-84133-021-4), « Les évêques normands de 985 à 1150 », p. 19-35
32. "Bishop Yves Bellême [Catholic-Hierarchy]". www.catholic-hierarchy.org.
33. "Saint of the Day – 4 December – Saint Osmund (Died 1099)". 4 December 2020.
34. "Sées et Alentours – (page 2) – la normandie et les normands". cgs-61.kazeo.com.
35. "Jacques Du Frische". la normandie et les normands.
36. "Aa Vv, Catholic Encyclopedia B". catholiclibrary.org.
37. "Charles Bernard de Marigny". www.netmarine.net.
38. "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Auguste-Francois Maunoury". www.newadvent.org.
39. Genealogie, Coret. "Décès Charles Robert Marcel Porset le 25 mai 2011 à Paris 13e Arrondissement, Paris, Île-de-France (France)". Archives Ouvertes.
40. "Rinunce e nomine, 16.10.2001" (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 16 October 2001. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
41. "24 jumelages franco-allemands dans l'Orne". Ouest-France.fr. 21 January 2013.