Robert Hugh Ferrell (May 8, 1921 – August 8, 2018)[3] was an American historian. He authored more than 60 books on topics including the U.S. presidency, World War I, and U.S. foreign policy and diplomacy. One of the country's leading historians,[4] Ferrell was widely considered the preeminent authority on the administration of Harry S. Truman,[5] and also wrote books about half a dozen other 20th-century presidents. He was thought by many in the field to be the "dean of American diplomatic historians", a title he disavowed.[6]
Early life and education
Ferrell was born in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1921 to Ernest and Edna Ferrell. His mother was a schoolteacher; his father was a World War I veteran whose career as a banker kept the family moving throughout Ohio during the Great Depression.[5] The family settled in Waterville, Ohio, where Ferrell's father managed the First National Bank and Ferrell and his brother Ernest Jr. went to high school. The Ferrell home was located at 29 N. 4th Street.[7][8]
A pianist, Ferrell studied music and education at Bowling Green State University in Ohio before serving in the U.S. Army Air Forces during the Second World War as a chaplain's assistant and staff sergeant.[5] His wartime experience in Europe compelled him to change his vocation to the study of history,[4] inspired also by reading the works of historian and fellow Ohioan Arthur M. Schlesinger Sr., Ida Tarbell, and Allan Nevins.[5] After the war, he received a B.S. in education from Bowling Green in 1946 and a second bachelor's degree in history in 1947.[4][9]
At Yale University, Ferrell earned a master's degree in 1948 and a Ph.D. in 1951, working under the direction of Pulitzer Prize-winning historian Samuel Flagg Bemis. A student of the Kellogg–Briand Pact, a 1928 international agreement in which signatory states promised not to use war to resolve their disputes, his dissertation The United States and the Origins of the Kellogg–Briand Pact,[10] won Yale's John Addison Porter Prize for original scholarship.[11]
Ferrell considered teaching a core part of his career, and worked to improve the quality of history teaching in general. In 1964, working with Maurice Glen Baxter and John E. Wiltz, he conducted a thorough survey of every high-school history teacher and school librarian in Indiana, writing up their findings along with detailed suggestions to help unprepared teachers in the 1964 book The Teaching of American History in High Schools.[16][17][18]
After his 1988 retirement, SHAFR named the annual Robert H. Ferrell Book Prize in his honor for distinguished scholarship in the field.[24] More than a dozen of his former students, all historians in their own right, compiled the book Presidents, Diplomats, and Other Mortals: Essays Honoring Robert H. Ferrell to recognize his achievements in the field.[18]
Published works
Ferrell wrote prolifically, sharing with Bemis a disapproval of what they called "one-book men" who stopped writing after finishing a Ph.D. dissertation.[3] He published 25 books before his 1988 retirement from teaching, and before his death had produced more than 60. His prose was "expressed with grace and economy, [and] a light wit," wrote historian Lawrence Kaplan.[18] After the publication of Peace in Their Time, his early works included influential history textbooks American Diplomacy in the Great Depression and American Diplomacy: A History, the latter of which was republished in expanded and revised editions three times in the ensuing decades. He continued to work closely with his mentor Bemis, co-editing the later volumes of the series American Secretaries of State and Their Diplomacy which Bemis had begun in the 1920s, and also writing the entries on Frank B. Kellogg, Henry L. Stimson, and George Marshall. He helped edit Bemis' Pulitzer-winning 1949 biography, John Quincy Adams and the Foundations of American Foreign Policy, and catalyzed the publication of a 1957 paperback edition of Bemis' The Diplomacy of the American Revolution.[25][6]
Ferrell was also notable for the thoroughness and depth of his research, with a knack for finding obscure or unpublished diaries, memoirs, and letters which would then become central elements of his books, such as the papers of Coolidge-era assistant secretary of state William Castle, which greatly informed Peace in Their Time. Editing and publishing the diaries and private letters of persons of historical interest, from presidents to ordinary soldiers, became a specialty of his, with nearly two dozen such books to his name, including presidents Truman, Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge (and his wife Grace) and Dwight Eisenhower, White House staffers James Hagerty, Frank Comerford Walker, Arthur F. Burns and Eben Ayers, and soldiers in the American Civil War, World Wars I and II, the Spanish–American War, and the Mexican–American War.
Not content to be a passive chronicler of history, Ferrell would often, when he felt a topic merited it, engage in spirited critique of other historians' interpretations of past events.[18] In the influential 1955 article "Pearl Harbor and the Revisionists," he argued against the conspiracy theory that Franklin Roosevelt had deliberately allowed Japan to commit the surprise attack that drew the U.S. into World War II.[26] His book Harry S. Truman and the Cold War Revisionists argued against post-1960s New Left historians' critiques of the Truman era.[3][27] Reactions to the book were divided: Writing for Michigan State University's H-Net, Curt Cardwell felt that Ferrell misunderstood the arguments of the younger generation he criticized and was "condescending,"[28] while Alonzo L. Hamby's review in Journal of Cold War Studies called the book "restrained and gentlemanly" and noted that Ferrell viewed prominent revisionist William Appleman Williams as a friend.[29] In a 1995 article in American Heritage, he accused Merle Miller, author of the bestselling book Plain Speaking: An Oral Biography of Harry. S. Truman, of fabricating many of the quotes attributed to Truman.[30][31] In 1998's The Dying President, Ferrell examined Franklin D. Roosevelt's medical records and concluded that Roosevelt had deliberately chosen to keep the cardiovascular disease which would soon kill him secret from the public. The book was praised by historian John Lukacs as “painstaking and exceptionally researched … sparklingly well-written, bearing the marks of a master historian” and one of the most important books on Roosevelt by any historian.[32]
Harry S. Truman
Ferrell wrote voluminously on Truman, devoting more than a dozen books to his life and presidency. Ferrell's work rehabilitated the reputation of the Truman presidency, which had been previously considered a failure by scholars, by providing evidence of how decisions such as Truman's choice to champion the Marshall Plan led to the successful establishment of an American-led post-war world order.[4] Although it was overshadowed by the popular success of David McCullough's Pulitzer-winning Truman biography, Ferrell's 1994 Harry S. Truman: A Life was considered a masterwork by scholars in his field. Historian Lawrence Kaplan called it "the height of his achievement," with far more detailed analysis than McCullough's book.[18]
Coincidentally, Ferrell and Truman were born on the same day, May 8.[4]
World War I
World War I was a special interest of Ferrell's—in particular the 1918 Meuse-Argonne Offensive, the largest and bloodiest U.S. operation of the war, in which Ferrell's father and then-Capt. Harry Truman both served. His books on the conflict include America's Deadliest Battle, Collapse at Meuse-Argonne, and a profile of the American Expeditionary Forces' only African-American division, Unjustly Dishonored, as well as several edited memoirs of soldiers who served in it. One of his final books, 2008's The Question of MacArthur's Reputation, painstakingly reconstructed the events of the Meuse-Argonne, a victory which helped launch the career of Gen. Douglas MacArthur, to prove that MacArthur had lied about his role in the battle to embellish his prestige and take undeserved credit, which has since been proved as mostly baseless.[34]
Awards
In addition to the John Addison Porter Prize and George Louis Beer Prize for his early work on the Kellogg-Briand Pact, Ferrell received the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations' Norman and Laura Graebner Award in 1998, which recognizes distinguished lifetime achievement by a senior historian of United States foreign relations.[35] In 2002, Ferrell was given the Society for Military History's Distinguished Book Award for editing a trio of memoirs by soldier William S. Triplet, A Youth in the Meuse-Argonne, A Colonel in the Armored Divisions, and In the Philippines and Okinawa.[36]
Personal life and death
His wife, Lila, died in 2002.[5] They had a daughter, Carolyn.[2][37]: vii [38]: xi He was an inveterate collector of books, owning more than 10,000 volumes.[3]
"Pearl Harbor and the Revisionists" in The Historian (Spring 1955)[26]
"The Mukden Incident: September 18–19, 1931" in Journal of Modern History (March 1955) [41]
American Diplomacy in the Great Depression: Hoover-Stimson Foreign Policy, 1929–1933 (1957)[42]
American Diplomacy: A History (1959, with updated editions in 1969, 1975, and 1987)[43]
The American Secretaries of State and Their Diplomacy (edited volumes 11-19, 1958–1980);[44] wrote Vol. 11, Frank B. Kellogg and Henry L. Stimson (1963)[Subject matter: Frank B. Kellogg, Henry L. Stimson][45] and Vol. 15, George C. Marshall[46]
Maurice Glen Baxter, Robert H. Ferrell, and John E. Wiltz, The Teaching of American History in High Schools (1964)[16]
Richard B. Morris, William Greenleaf and Robert H. Ferrell, America: A History of the People (1971)[47]
Samuel F. Wells, Jr., Robert H. Ferrell, and David F. Trask, The Ordeal of World Power: American Diplomacy Since 1900 (1975)[48]
Harry S. Truman and the Modern American Presidency (1983)[49]
Truman: A Centenary Remembrance, 1884–1972 (1984)[50]
Woodrow Wilson and World War I, 1917–1921 (New American Nation Series, 1985)[51]
"Truman's Place in History" in Reviews in American History (March 1990)[52]
Harry S. Truman: His Life On the Family Farms (1991)[53]
The Question of MacArthur's Reputation: Côte de Châtillon, October 14–16, 1918 (2008)[69]
Grace Coolidge: The People's Lady in Silent Cal's White House (2008)[70]
Unjustly Dishonored: An African American Division in World War I (2011)[38]
As editor
Conference of Scholars on the European Recovery Program, March 20–21, 1964, at the Harry S. Truman Library (Transcript of discussion led by Robert H. Ferrell, 1964)[71]
Calvin Coolidge, The Talkative President: The Off-the-Record Press Conferences of Calvin Coolidge (1964)[72]
Foundations of American Diplomacy, 1775–1872 (1968)[73]
^ abcdClifford, J. Garry (2007). "The Young Bob Ferrell". In Clifford, J. Garry; Wilson, Theodore A. (eds.). Presidents, Diplomats, and Other Mortals: Essays Honoring Robert H. Ferrell. Columbia, Mo.: University of Missouri Press. pp. 307–315. ISBN978-0-8262-1747-9.
^Phyllis Witzler; John Rose; Verna Rose (28 August 2017). Waterville. Arcadia Publishing Incorporated. pp. 92–. ISBN978-1-4396-6204-5.
^Ferrell, Robert H. "Robert H. Ferrell oral history" (November 3, 1994) [oral history]. Robert H. Ferrell mss.. Indiana University: Lilly Library Manuscript Collections.
^Wolf, Hazel C. (1965). "Book Reviews: The Teaching of American History in High Schools". Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society. 58 (4): 436–439. JSTOR40190203.
^ abcdeKaplan, Lawrence (2007). "Robert H. Ferrell: An Appreciation". In Clifford, J. Garry; Wilson, Theodore A. (eds.). Presidents, Diplomats, and Other Mortals: Essays Honoring Robert H. Ferrell. Columbia, Mo.: University of Missouri Press. pp. 307–315. ISBN978-0-8262-1747-9.
^Clifford, J. Garry; Wilson, Theodore A., eds. (2007). "Robert H. Ferrell's Ph.D. Students". Presidents, Diplomats, and Other Mortals: Essays Honoring Robert H. Ferrell. Columbia, Mo.: University of Missouri Press. pp. 327–329. ISBN978-0-8262-1747-9.
^Ferrell, Robert H. (March 1955). "The Mukden Incident: September 18–19, 1931". Journal of Modern History. 27 (1). University of Chicago Press: 66–72. doi:10.1086/237763. JSTOR1877701. S2CID144691966.
^Richard B. Morris; William Greenleaf; Robert H. Ferrell (1971). America: A History of the People. Rand McNally. LCCN70142735.
^Wells, Jr., Samuel F.; Ferrell, Robert H.; Trask, David F. (1975). The Ordeal of World Power: American Diplomacy Since 1900. Little, Brown. LCCN75000187.
^Calvin Coolidge (1964). Ferrell, Robert H.; Quint, Howard H. (eds.). The Talkative President: The Off-the-Record Press Conferences of Calvin Coolidge. Garland Pub. ISBN978-0824097059. LCCN78066526.
^Hartmann, Rudolph H. (1999). Ferrell, Robert H. (ed.). The Kansas City Investigation: Pendergast's Downfall, 1938–1939. University of Missouri Press. LCCN99018273.
^Triplet, William S. (2000). Ferrell, Robert H. (ed.). A Youth in the Meuse-Argonne: A Memoir, 1917–1918. University of Missouri Press. LCCN00029921.
Grafmonument oostzijde kerk Beigem Jules Jean Paul baron Domis de Semerpont (Brussel, 8 november 1828 - Beigem, 21 juli 1899) was een Belgische politicus. Hij was burgemeester van Beigem. Biografie Jules Domis de Semerpont stamde uit een familie die generaties lang burgemeesters leverde in de gemeente Beigem. Hij was de zoon van burgemeester Charles Domis de Semerpont (1802-1878) die in 1873 erkenning verkreeg in de Belgische erfelijke adel, en van Hyacinthe Cécile Constance Cornet de Peissa...
Taktisches Zeichen der NATO für Armeen Armee (frz. armée, zu armer‚ aufrüsten, ausrüsten, bewaffnen, und letztlich zu lat. arma‚ Waffen, Kriegsgerät) ist eine im späten 16. Jahrhundert aus dem Französischen ins Deutsche entlehnte Bezeichnung für eine militärische Streitmacht.[1] Je nach Kontext bezeichnet der Begriff einen großen militärischen Verband, insbesondere einen aus mehreren Korps bestehenden Heeresverband, dem ein bestimmtes Einsatzgebiet zugewiesen ist (z....
Спасо-Преображенський собор — один з символів Яренська Я́ренськ (рос. Яренск) — село (до 1924 року — місто) на південному сході Архангельськой області Росії, центр Ленського району. Зміст 1 Основні дані 2 Назва та історія 3 Виноски 4 Джерела і посилання Основні дані Н...
Bagian dari seri mengenai Sejarah Arab Saudi Arabia Kuno Kerajaan Kindah Negara Islam awal Kekhalifahan Rasyidin Periode Umayyah Periode Abbasiyah Mutasharifan Meekkah Era Ottoman Emirat Diriyah Emirat Nejd Emirat Jabal Shammar Emirat Riyadh Emirat Nejd dan Hasa Kerajaan Hejaz Asir Hulu Kesultanan Nejd Kerajaan Nejd dan Hijaz Kerajaan Saudi Arabia Unifikasi Portal Arab Saudilbs Sejarah Arab Saudi sebagai negara bangsa yang dikenal saat ini, dimulai dengan munculnya dinasti Al Saud d...
بي إم أي BMI إياتاBD إيكاوBMA رمز النداءMIDLAND تاريخ الإنشاء 1949 (ديـربي المحدودة للطيران) الجنسية المملكة المتحدة المطارات الرئيسية مطار لندن هيثرومطار مانشستر الدولي برنامج المسافر الدائم النادي الماسي التحالفات تحالف ستار حجم الأسطول 35 + (4 طلبيات) الوجهات 51 الشركة ...
أحمد الربيعي معلومات شخصية الميلاد 1968الأعظمية، بغداد - العراق الوفاة 11 مارس 2014أربيل، كردستان العراق - كردستان العراق سبب الوفاة إلتهاب رئوي مكان الدفن 18 مارس 2014 مقبرة الغزالي، بغداد الجنسية عراقي الديانة مسلم الحياة العملية المهنة كاريكاتير سبب الشهرة بورتريه علي ...
У Вікіпедії є статті про інших людей із прізвищем Султанов. Султанов Олексій ФайзуллайовичОсновна інформаціяДата народження 7 серпня 1969(1969-08-07)[1][2]Місце народження Ташкент, Узбецька РСР, СРСРДата смерті 30 червня 2005(2005-06-30)[1][2] (35 років)Місце смерті Форт-Вер...
Football stadium in Haifa, Israel Sammy Ofer StadiumUEFA Full nameThe International Sammy Ofer StadiumAddress2 Pinchas and Abraham Rotenberg StreetLocation Haifa, IsraelPublic transit Coastal Railway Line at Haifa Hof HaCarmelOwnerHaifa MunicipalityOperatorHaifa MunicipalityExecutive suites35Capacity30,942[1]Record attendance30,464 (Maccabi Haifa vs Benfica Lisbon, 2 November 2022)Field size22,000 m2 (240,000 sq ft)SurfaceGrassScoreboardLCDConstructionBroke ground2...
المذنبونمعلومات عامةتاريخ الصدور 23 سبتمبر 1975مدة العرض 120 دقيقةاللغة الأصلية اللغة المصرية الحديثةالبلد مصرالطاقمالمخرج سعيد مرزوقالكاتب نجيب محفوظممدوح الليثيالبطولة القائمة ... حسين فهمي[1] صلاح ذو الفقار[2] عادل أدهم سهير رمزي زبيدة ثروت التصوير مصطفي إم...
Enrique XIII de Baviera Información personalNacimiento 19 de noviembre de 1235jul. Landshut (Alemania) Fallecimiento 3 de febrero de 1290jul. (54 años)Burghausen (Alemania) Sepultura Seligenthal abbey FamiliaFamilia Casa de Wittelsbach Padres Otón II de Baviera Inés del Palatinado Cónyuge Isabel de Hungría (desde 1250) Hijos Otón IIILuis III, duque de BavieraEsteban I de Baviera Información profesionalOcupación Soberano Cargos ocupados Duque de Baviera (1253-1255)Duke of Lo...
15th century Albanian nobleman Hamza KastriotiHamza KastriotiFull nameHamza KastriotiBernardo Kastrioti(after converting to Roman Catholicism)Noble familyKastrioti Spouse(s)Maria ZarzariIssueAlfonso KastriotiGiovanni KastriotiFerrante KastriotiFatherStanisha Kastrioti[1] Hamza Kastrioti (Latin: Ameses Castriota) was a 15th-century Albanian nobleman and the nephew of Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg. Probably born in Ottoman territory, after the death of his father Stanisha he was raised by...
AirportNambucca Heads AirportIATA: NBHICAO: YNHSSummaryAirport typePublicServesNambucca Heads, New South WalesElevation AMSL6 ft / 2 mCoordinates30°40′33.6″S 152°58′57.0″E / 30.676000°S 152.982500°E / -30.676000; 152.982500MapYNHSLocation in New South WalesRunways Direction Length Surface m ft 02/20 821 2,694 Grass Sources: AIP[1][2] Nambucca Heads Airport (IATA: NBH, ICAO: YNHS) is an airport located in Nambucca Heads, New So...
Voce principale: Nuoto sincronizzato ai campionati mondiali di nuoto 2015. Nuoto sincronizzato ai Mondiali di Kazan' 2015 Singolo Tecnico Libero Duo Tecnico Libero Duo misto Tecnico Libero Squadre Tecnico Libero Combinato La competizione di nuoto sincronizzato - Duo tecnico dei campionati mondiali di nuoto 2015 si è disputata il 26 luglio 2015 alla Kazan Arena di Kazan'. Il mattino si è disputato il turno eliminatorio cui hanno partecipato 38 nazioni. Le 1...
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (April 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) C2Available structuresPDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes2I6S, 3ERB,%%s2ODQIdentifiersAliasesC2, ARMD14, CO2, complement component 2, complement C2External IDsOMIM: 613927 MGI: 88226 Ho...
Laurel Pop FestivalGenreRock, pop, etc.DatesJuly 11–12, 1969Location(s)Laurel, MDUnited StatesYears active1969 The Laurel Pop Festival was a music festival held at the Laurel Race Course in Laurel, Maryland on July 11–12, 1969. Background The festival featured Buddy Guy, Al Kooper, Jethro Tull, Johnny Winter, Edwin Hawkins and Led Zeppelin (on July 11); and Jeff Beck, Ten Years After, Sly and the Family Stone, The Mothers of Invention, Savoy Brown and The Guess Who (on July 12).[1]...
1945 Bay-class anti-aircraft frigate of the Royal Navy History United Kingdom NameHMS Widemouth Bay NamesakeWidemouth Bay BuilderHarland & Wolff Yard number1259 Laid down24 April 1944 Launched19 October 1944 Commissioned13 April 1945 DecommissionedJuly 1949 RecommissionedJune 1951 DecommissionedSeptember 1953 IdentificationPennant number K615 FateSold for scrapping, 1957. BadgeOn a Field barry wavy of six White and Blue Talbot's head erased Black, collared Blue. General characteristics Cl...
Keunue Cyperus rotundus Data (id) Sumber darinut-grass rhizome (en) PeunulaWarna bunga (id) Kuning emas (id) Jenis buahnucule (en) Status konservasi (id) Risiko rendah (id) IUCN158183 TaksonomiDivisiTracheophytaSubdivisiSpermatophytesKladAngiospermaeKladmonocotsKladcommelinidsOrdoPoalesFamiliCyperaceaeSubfamiliCyperoideaeTribusCypereaeGenusCyperusSpesiesCyperus rotundus Linnaeus, 1753 Keunue atawa naleueng keunue (Latèn: Cyperus rotundus) jeunèh bak naleueng nyang na di Aceh. Lam ...
Almagro Emblema País Argentina• Ciudad Buenos AiresUbicación 34°36′00″S 58°25′00″O / -34.6, -58.416666666667Superficie 4.05 km²Límites Río de JaneiroAv. RivadaviaAv. La PlataAv. IndependenciaSánchez de LoriaSánchez de BustamanteAv. Díaz VélezGalloAv. CórdobaAv. Estado de IsraelAv. Ángel GallardoPoblación • Total 131 699 hab. (2010)• Densidad 32 515 hab./km²Día del barrio 28 de septiemb...