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Ontario County
Ontario County
County
	Ontario County Courthouse in Canandaigua, 2014
	Flag Seal
	Location within the U.S. state of New York
	New York's location within the U.S.
	Coordinates: 42°51′N 77°17′W / 42.85°N 77.29°W
Country	United States
State	New York
Founded	1789
Named for	Lake Ontario
Seat	Canandaigua
Largest city	Geneva
Area
• Total	663 sq mi (1,720 km2)
• Land	644 sq mi (1,670 km2)
• Water	18 sq mi (50 km2) 2.8%
Population (2020)
• Total	112,458
• Density	169/sq mi (65/km2)
Time zone	UTC−5 (Eastern)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional district	24th
Website	www.ontariocountyny.gov

42°51′N 77°17′W / 42.85°N 77.29°W / 42.85; -77.29

Ontario County is a county in the U.S. State of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 112,458.^[1] The county seat is Canandaigua.^[2] The county is part of the Finger Lakes region of the state.

Ontario County is part of the Rochester, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area.

In 2006, Progressive Farmer rated Ontario County as the "Best Place to Live" in the U.S., for its "great schools, low crime, excellent health care" and its proximity to Rochester.

History

This area was long controlled by the Seneca people, one of the Five Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy, or Haudenosaunee. They were forced to cede most of their land to the United States after the American Revolutionary War.

When the English established counties in New York Province in 1683, they designated Albany County as including all the northern part of New York State, the present State of Vermont, and, in theory, extending westward to the Pacific Ocean. On July 3, 1766 Cumberland County was organized, and on March 16, 1770 Gloucester County was founded, both containing territory now included in the state of Vermont. The English claims were their assertion; the Five and then Six Nations of the Iroquois occupied and controlled most of the territory in central and western New York until after the Revolutionary War.

As New York was more heavily settled in the 18th century, the colonial government organized additional counties, but European settlement did not proceed very far west past Little Falls, New York, about halfway through the Mohawk Valley, until after the revolutionary war. This area was ostensibly part of Montgomery County, renamed after the war for an American officer. Seth Read, a Colonel in the Battle of Bunker Hill, moved here with his family as a pioneer between 1787 and 1795. See also Geneva (town), New York.^[3]

Land-hungry settlers from New England swept into upstate and western New York after the Revolution, as nearly five million acres of new lands were available for purchase since the Iroquois were forced to cede most of their territories to the United States. Four tribes had allied with the British and were mostly resettled in Canada: the Mohawk, Onondaga, Seneca and Cayuga.

Transfer of what is now Ontario County to New York formally took effect in 1789, when native title was extinguished, and the county was formally established to govern the lands of the Phelps and Gorham Purchase the year prior. The territory first organized as Ontario County was much larger than at present and ran south from the shore of Lake Ontario. As the area was settled, new counties were organized. The following counties were rapidly organized from this territory in the first decades after the war: Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Erie, Genesee, Livingston, Monroe, Niagara, Orleans, Steuben, Wyoming, and Yates counties, and parts of Schuyler and Wayne counties.

In 1796, Ontario County was divided and Steuben County was organized. In 1802, Ontario County was reduced when Genesee County was split off. The new county was originally very large, including the present Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Erie, Niagara, Orleans and Wyoming Counties and parts of Livingston and Monroe counties.

In 1821, portions of Genesee County were combined with portions of Ontario County to create Livingston and Monroe counties.

In 1823, a portion of Seneca County was combined with a portion of Ontario County to create Wayne County. The same year, a portion of Steuben County was combined with a portion of Ontario County to create Yates County.

Great Awakening

This frontier area was part of the evangelistic activities during the Second Great Awakening of the early 19th century, when Baptist, Methodist and Congregational preachers traveled and organized revivals and camp meetings. In addition, independent sects developed in central and western New York during this period, including the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, the Shakers and the Universal Friends.

Latter Day Saint movement

Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, lived in Manchester in the 1820s on the border with Palmyra. Several events in the early history of the movement occurred in Ontario County. Hill Cumorah in Manchester is where Smith said he discovered the Golden plates said to contain the writings later known as the Book of Mormon. Smith visited the hill each year on the fall equinox (September 22) between 1823 and 1827, and claimed to be instructed by the Angel Moroni. Smith said he was finally permitted to take the record on September 22, 1827. He published the Book of Mormon in Palmyra in 1830. The 110-foot (34 m) hill (which was then unnamed) is on the main road toward Canandaigua from Palmyra to Manchester (modern State Route 21); it was a few miles from Joseph Smith's home.

Since the 1930s the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has held the Hill Cumorah Pageant annually here. It regularly attracts thousands to its performances.^[4] The church also maintains a visitors' center at the hill, the Palmyra New York Temple, and the former Smith property and homes. The latter property straddles the border between Ontario and Wayne counties.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 663 square miles (1,720 km²), of which 644 square miles (1,670 km²) is land and 18 square miles (47 km²) (2.8%) is water.^[5]

Ontario County is in western New York State, east of Buffalo, southeast of Rochester, and northwest of Ithaca. The county is within the Finger Lakes Region of the state.

Adjacent counties

Wayne County - north
Seneca County - east
Yates County - south
Steuben County - southwest
Livingston County - west
Monroe County - northwest

Major highways

Government and politics

United States presidential election results for Ontario County, New York^[6]
Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party(ies)
Year	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2024	30,221	50.07%	29,520	48.91%	611	1.01%
2020	28,782	48.54%	28,749	48.48%	1,769	2.98%
2016	26,029	49.55%	22,233	42.33%	4,265	8.12%
2012	23,820	49.78%	23,087	48.25%	946	1.98%
2008	25,171	49.34%	25,103	49.20%	746	1.46%
2004	27,999	55.88%	21,166	42.24%	945	1.89%
2000	23,885	51.98%	19,761	43.01%	2,303	5.01%
1996	17,237	41.60%	19,156	46.23%	5,046	12.18%
1992	18,995	42.32%	16,064	35.79%	9,830	21.90%
1988	21,780	55.23%	17,341	43.97%	314	0.80%
1984	24,507	65.36%	12,844	34.26%	143	0.38%
1980	17,036	47.98%	14,477	40.77%	3,993	11.25%
1976	21,118	59.59%	14,044	39.63%	279	0.79%
1972	23,828	68.23%	11,012	31.53%	81	0.23%
1968	17,114	56.86%	11,719	38.94%	1,265	4.20%
1964	10,847	35.24%	19,922	64.72%	15	0.05%
1960	19,654	61.55%	12,251	38.37%	26	0.08%
1956	22,317	74.30%	7,719	25.70%	0	0.00%
1952	21,659	71.15%	8,763	28.79%	18	0.06%
1948	16,156	63.51%	8,852	34.80%	431	1.69%
1944	16,859	63.95%	9,437	35.80%	68	0.26%
1940	18,932	67.23%	9,110	32.35%	120	0.43%
1936	17,812	65.45%	8,787	32.29%	616	2.26%
1932	15,624	61.71%	9,273	36.62%	423	1.67%
1928	17,769	65.27%	8,491	31.19%	965	3.54%
1924	15,013	66.66%	5,933	26.34%	1,577	7.00%
1920	13,361	66.20%	5,678	28.13%	1,145	5.67%
1916	7,491	56.82%	5,286	40.10%	406	3.08%
1912	4,897	39.88%	4,734	38.55%	2,648	21.57%
1908	8,245	58.73%	5,484	39.06%	311	2.22%
1904	8,184	59.36%	5,283	38.32%	321	2.33%
1900	7,707	56.46%	5,641	41.33%	302	2.21%
1896	7,506	56.30%	5,485	41.14%	341	2.56%
1892	6,319	50.10%	5,376	42.62%	919	7.29%
1888	6,957	53.15%	5,753	43.95%	379	2.90%
1884	6,382	51.53%	5,643	45.56%	361	2.91%

The county is governed by an elected Board of Supervisors, and uses the Board-Administrator system, hiring a professional County Administrator. The Board of Supervisors has twenty-one members: one is elected from each Town, two from the city of Canandaigua and three from the city of Geneva. As of 2004, the county government has over 800 full-time employees (augmented by another 360 seasonal or available part-time workers), and a budget of $136 million.

The county is similar in its politics to much of the rest of rural upstate New York; its voters have tended to support Republican presidential candidates ever since that party was formed, and before that they supported the Whig Party.

However, beginning in the 1990s, the Democratic Party began to improve its performance in Ontario County thanks to the growth of Rochester's outer suburbs in areas such as Victor and Farmington. In 1996, Ontario County voted for the Democratic presidential candidate for the first time since 1964 and only the second time since the Whig Party contested its first presidential election in 1836. In 2008, John McCain narrowly edged a victory over Barack Obama by less than one percent, and in 2012 Obama narrowly lost the county to Republican nominee Mitt Romney by a margin of 1.5 percent. In 2016, Republican nominee Donald Trump of New York City won the county by 7.3 percent over Democratic nominee and former United States Secretary of State / former Senator from New York Hillary Clinton of Chappaqua, New York. In 2020, Democrat Joe Biden came incredibly close to winning the county, losing to Trump by just 33 votes.

State and federal government


Office	District	Area of the county	Officeholder	Party	First took office	Residence
U.S. Representative	New York's 24th congressional district	All^[7]	Claudia Tenney	Republican	2020	Canandaigua
State Senator	54th State Senate District	Roughly, the northeast corner of the county (Towns of Canandaigua, Farmington, Geneva, Gorham, Hopewell, Manchester, Phelps, Seneca)^[8]	Pam Helming	Republican	2017	Canandaigua, Ontario County
State Senator	55th State Senate District	All of the county not covered by the 54th district (Towns of Bristol, Canadice, East Bloomfield, Naples, Richmond, South Bristol, Victor, West Bloomfield)^[9]	Rich Funke	Republican	2015	Fairport, Monroe County
State Assemblyman	131st State Assembly District	All^[10]	Jeff L. Gallahan	Republican	2021	Ontario County

Ontario County is part of:

The 7th Judicial District of the New York Supreme Court
The 4th Department of the New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division

Economy

According to the 2022 Census of Agriculture, Ontario County ranked fourth in New York for acres of berries grown.^[11] Farmers in the county reported berries grown on 220 acres that year.

Demographics

Historical population
Census	Pop.	%±
1790	1,075	—
1800	15,218	1,315.6%
1810	42,032	176.2%
1820	88,267	110.0%
1830	40,288	−54.4%
1840	43,501	8.0%
1850	43,929	1.0%
1860	44,563	1.4%
1870	45,108	1.2%
1880	49,541	9.8%
1890	48,453	−2.2%
1900	49,605	2.4%
1910	52,286	5.4%
1920	52,652	0.7%
1930	54,276	3.1%
1940	55,307	1.9%
1950	60,172	8.8%
1960	68,070	13.1%
1970	78,849	15.8%
1980	88,909	12.8%
1990	95,101	7.0%
2000	100,224	5.4%
2010	108,085	7.8%
2020	112,458	4.0%
U.S. Decennial Census^[12] 1790-1960^[13] 1900-1990^[14] 1990-2000^[15] 2010-2020^[1]

As of the census^[16] of 2000, there were 100,224 people, 38,370 households, and 26,360 families residing in the county. The population density was 156 inhabitants per square mile (60/km²). There were 42,647 housing units at an average density of 66 units per square mile (25/km²). According to respondents' self-identification, the racial makeup of the county was 95.04% White, 2.06% African American, 0.22% Native American, 0.69% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.70% from other races, and 1.26% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.14% of the population. Based on self-identification, 17.9% were of German, 14.9% Irish, 14.8% English, 13.8% Italian, 7.3% American and 5.1% Dutch ancestry according to Census 2000. 95.6% spoke English and 2.3% Spanish as their first language.

There were 38,370 households, out of which 32.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.00% were married couples living together, 9.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.30% were non-families. 24.70% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.40% under the age of 18, 8.30% from 18 to 24, 28.40% from 25 to 44, 24.80% from 45 to 64, and 13.20% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 95.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.70 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $44,579, and the median income for a family was $52,698. Males had a median income of $36,732 versus $26,139 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,533. About 4.90% of families and 7.30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.10% of those under age 18 and 6.40% of those age 65 or over.

2020 Census

Ontario County Racial Composition^[17]
Race	Num.	Perc.
White (NH)	97,397	86.61%
Black or African American (NH)	2,439	2.2%
Native American (NH)	197	0.2%
Asian (NH)	1,374	1.2%
Pacific Islander (NH)	23	0.02%
Other/Mixed (NH)	4,915	4.4%
Hispanic or Latino	6,113	5.43%

Communities

Larger settlements


#	Location	Population	Type	Sector
1	‡Geneva	13,261	City	East
2	†Canandaigua	10,545	City	West
3	Victor	2,696	Village	West
4	Clifton Springs	2,127	Village	East
5	Phelps	1,989	Village	East
6	Manchester	1,709	Village	East
7	Shortsville	1,439	Village	East
8	Bloomfield	1,361	Village	West
9	Naples	1,041	Village	South
10	‡Rushville	655	Village	East
11	Crystal Beach	644	Hamlet	East
12	Honeoye	579	CDP	South
13	Port Gibson	453	CDP	East
14	Hall	216	CDP	East
-	Gorham	N/A	CDP	East

† - County Seat

‡ - Not Wholly in this County

Towns

Hamlets

Border City
Centerfield
Cheshire
Fishers
Hall
Hopewell Center
Ionia
Orleans
Seneca Castle
Stanley

References

Bibliography

Turner, Eramus (1909). Pioneer History of the Holland Purchase of Western New York. Volume II.

Notes

^ ^a ^b "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Ontario County, New York". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 2, 2022.
^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
^ Turner, p.319
^ "A History Lesson". The Rochester Democrat and Chronicle. July 8, 2001.
^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on May 19, 2014. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved October 23, 2018.
^ W, Eric (April 2, 2012). "Congressional District 27" (PDF). View 2012 Congressional Maps. Albany, New York: The New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment. Retrieved January 13, 2013.
^ W, Eric (March 2, 2012). "Senate District 54" (PDF). View 2012 Senate District Maps. Albany, New York: The New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
^ W, Eric (March 2, 2012). "Senate District 55" (PDF). View 2012 Senate District Maps. Albany, New York: The New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
^ W, Eric (January 25, 2012). "Assembly District 131" (PDF). View Proposed 2012 Assembly District Maps. Albany, New York: The New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
^ "USDA/NASS QuickStats Ad-hoc Query Tool". quickstats.nass.usda.gov. Retrieved August 13, 2024.
^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
^ "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Ontario County, New York".