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Martine Carol
Martine Carol
	Carol in 1953 (Studio Harcourt)
Born	Marie-Louise Jeanne Nicolle Mourer; 16 May 1920; Saint-Mandé, France
Died	6 February 1967 (aged 46); Monte Carlo, Monaco
Other names	Marise Arley, Martine Carole, Marie-Louise Maurer
Occupation	Actress
Years active	1941–1967
Spouses	; Joseph Stephen Crane (m. 1948; div. 1953) ; Christian-Jaque (m. 1954; div. 1959) ; André Rouveix (m. 1959; div. 1962) ; Mike Eland (m. 1966)

Martine Carol (born Marie-Louise Jeanne Nicolle Mourer; 16 May 1920 – 6 February 1967) was a French film actress. She frequently was cast as an elegant blonde seductress. During the late 1940s and early 1950s, she was the leading sex symbol and a top box-office draw of French cinema, and she was considered a French version of America's Marilyn Monroe. One of her more famous roles was as the title character in Lola Montès (1955), directed by Max Ophüls, in a role that required dark hair. However, by the late 1950s, roles for Carol had become fewer, partly because of the introduction of Brigitte Bardot.

Early life

Born Maryse Mourer^[1]^[2] (or Marie-Louise Jeanne Nicolle Mourer) in Saint-Mandé, Val-de-Marne, she studied acting under René Simon, making her stage début in 1940.^{[citation needed]}

After uncredited bits in The Last of the Six (1941) and The Strangers in the House (1942) she had her credited movie part in 1943, La ferme aux loups.

Career

Carol had support roles in L'extravagante mission (1945), Bifur 3 (1945) and Trente et quarante (1946), then was in Miroir (1947) with Jean Gabin, and Voyage surprise (1947). She achieved fame on stage in a production of Tobacco Road.^[3] Carol received a lot of publicty because of her private life.^[4]

She had the female lead in En êtes-vous bien sûr? (1947) with Robert Dhéry and followed it with Carré de valets (1947) and La fleur de l'âge (1947) for Marcel Carne. Carol was in Sextette (1948) for Robert Hennion and had a support part in The Lovers of Verona (1949), a version of Romeo and Juliet from André Cayatte, playing a movie star. She had the female lead in I Like Only You (1949) for Pierre Montazel and played herself in We Will All Go to Paris (1950).

Stardom

Carol starred in Une nuit de noces (1950), Beware of Blondes (1950) and the popular historical comedy Dear Caroline (1951) which was controversial because of outfits she wore.^[5] The film turned Carol into a star and all the scenes where she had showers led her to be nicknamed "The Cleanest Woman in Paris".^[6] She played a movie star in the French-Spanish film Love and Desire (1952) and had the lead in Adorable Creatures (1952), directed by Christian-Jaque who became her husband in 1954.

Carol co starred with Gerard Philippe in Beauties of the Night (1952) for Rene Clair.^[7]

Carol played the title role in A Caprice of Darling Caroline (1953), a sequel to Darling Caroline. She played a series of true life women: Lucrèce Borgia (1953) as Lucrezia Borgia, a big local hit, and Madame du Barry (1954), as Madame du Barry for Christian-Jaque.^[8] She played herself in Boum sur Paris (1953).

Carol had the title role in Nana (1955) from the novel by Emile Zola, alongside Charles Boyer. A contemporary article called her the French "Queen of Sex".^[9] She was in two all star anthology films: Daughters of Destiny (1954), as Lysistrata with her segment directed by her husband and co starring Raf Vallone, and The Bed (1954). She reteamed with Vallone in the Italian comedy The Beach (1954).^[10]

International career

Carol took the female lead in The French, They Are a Funny Race (1955), the last film from director Preston Sturges, alongside Jack Buchanan. The movie was shot in English and French versions and was a hit in France but not in English speaking countries.^[11]

Carol played Lola Montez in Lola Montès (1955) for Max Ophuls opposite Peter Ustinov and Anton Walbrook.^[12] This was the most expensive European film at the time, and was shot in French, English and German. It was considered a box office disappointment but was widely seen.^[13] She was linked to a possible Hollywood film Lord Vanity at Fox but it was never made.

Carol made Defend My Love (1956), an Italian comedy with Gabriele Ferzetti, and had a cameo in Around the World in 80 Days (1956).

Carol's first proper English language film was Action of the Tiger (1957) with Van Johnson directed by Terence Young.^[14]^[15] Carol starred in an Italian-French comedy film for her husband, Nathalie (1957) which was popular enough for a sequel, Nathalie, Secret Agent (1959). In between these she went to Tahiti to star in an Australian-French adventure tale, The Stowaway (1958), alongside Roger Livesey and Karl Boehm, which was shot in English and French versions.^[16]

Carol starred in Venetian Honeymoon (1959) with Vittorio de Sica and Claudia Cardinale then was the lead in a Hollywood movie shot in Germany, Ten Seconds to Hell (1959) with Jeff Chandler and Jack Palance for director Robert Aldrich.^[17] She was Joséphine de Beauharnais in Abel Gance's The Battle of Austerlitz (1960), very popular in France.

Later career

Carol was one of several stars in Love and the Frenchwoman (1961) then starred in One Night on the Beach (1961). She supported Jean Gabin in The Counterfeiters of Paris (1961) and made The Betrayer (1962) for Roberto Rossellini. Carol then made Operation Gold Ingot (1962), and Beach Casanova (1962) with Curt Jurgens.

Carol's final film was Hell Is Empty (1967), a British movie alongside Anthony Steel, James Robertson Justice and Shirley Ann Field. It began filming in 1965 under the direction of Bernard Knowles. It was Martine Carol's first movie in three years.^[18] Filming was suspended due to lack of funds.^[19] Carol died of a heart attack in February 1967^[20] and production resumed under the direction of John Ainsworth after her death.^[21]

Personal life

Despite her fame and fortune, Martine Carol's personal life was filled with turmoil that included a suicide attempt, drug abuse, and four marriages. She also was kidnapped by gangster Pierre Loutrel (also known as Pierrot le Fou or Crazy Pete), albeit briefly and received roses the next day as an apology.^{[citation needed]}

Carol was married four times, including:

Joseph Stephen Crane,^[22] American actor and restaurant manager, previously Lana Turner's husband, married in 1948, divorced in 1953.
Christian-Jaque,^[22] film director, married July 15, 1954, divorced in 1959.
Dr. André Rouveix,^[22] a young doctor she met in Martinique, Fort-de-France, married August 3, 1959, divorced in 1962.
Mike Eland, English businessman, married in 1966 until her death.^{[citation needed]}

Carol died unexpectedly of a heart attack in a hotel room in Monte Carlo at the age of 46.^[23] She was first buried in Paris's Père Lachaise Cemetery, but after her grave was vandalized—some media reported that she had been interred with her jewels—was reburied in the Grand Jas Cemetery of Cannes (square no. 3).^[24]

Filmography

Year	Title	Role	Director	Notes
1941	The Last of the Six	Une femme	Georges Lacombe	uncredited
1942	The Strangers in the House	Une spectatrice aux Assises	Henri Decoin	uncredited
1943	La ferme aux loups	Micky	Richard Pottier
1945	Bifur 3	Germaine	Maurice Cam
1945	L'extravagante mission	Stella Star	Henri Calef
1946	Trente et quarante	Madeleine Bitterlin	Gilles Grangier
1947	Mirror	Lulu	Raymond Lamy
	Mystery Trip	Isabelle Grosbois	Pierre Prévert
	Are You Sure?	Caroline	Jacques Houssin
	Four Knaves	Catherine Bonpain	André Berthomieu
	La fleur de l'âge		Marcel Carné
1948	Memories Are Not for Sale	Sonia	Robert Hennion
1949	The Lovers of Verona	Bettina Verdi	André Cayatte
1949	I Like Only You	Irène	Pierre Montazel
1950	We Will All Go to Paris	Martine Carol	Jean Boyer
	Wedding Night	Sidonie de Valpurgis	René Jayet
	Beware of Blondes	Olga Schneider	André Hunebelle
1951	Darling Caroline	Caroline de Bièvre	Richard Pottier
1952	Love and Desire	Martine - la star	Henri Decoin
	Adorable Creatures	Minouche	Christian-Jaque
	Beauties of the Night	Edmee	René Clair
1953	A Caprice of Darling Caroline	Caroline de Bièvre	Jean Devaivre
	Lucrèce Borgia	Lucrèce Borgia	Christian-Jacque
	Boum sur Paris	Herself	Maurice de Canonge
1954	Destinées	Lysistrata	Christian-Jacque	segment: "Lysistrata"
	Royal Affairs in Versailles	La duchesse de Bouillon	Sacha Guitry	scenes deleted
	The Beach	Anna Maria Mentorsi	Alberto Lattuada
	The Bed	Agnès de Rungis	Ralph Habib Henri Decoin Gianni Franciolini Jean Delannoy	segment: "Lit de la Pompadour"
	Madame du Barry	Madame du Barry	Christian-Jacque
1955	Nana	Nana	Christian-Jacque
	Les Carnets du Major Thompson	Martine Thompson	Preston Sturges
	Lola Montès	Lola Montès	Max Ophüls
1956	Difendo il mio amore	Elisa Leonardi	Giulio Macchi
1956	Around the World in 80 Days	Girl in Paris Railroad Station	Michael Anderson	cameo
1957	Action of the Tiger	Tracy Malvoisie	Terence Young
1957	Nathalie	Nathalie Princesse	Christian-Jaque
1958	The Stowaway	Colette	Lee Robinson and Ralph Habib
1959	Venetian Honeymoon	Isabelle dos Santos	Alberto Cavalcanti
	Ten Seconds to Hell	Margot Hofer	Robert Aldrich
	Nathalie, Secret Agent	Nathalie Princesse	Henri Decoin
1960	Austerlitz	Joséphine de Beauharnais	Abel Gance
1960	Love and the Frenchwoman	Eliane Girard	Michel Boisrond Christian-Jaque René Clair Henri Decoin Jean Delannoy Jean-Paul Le Chanois Henri Verneuil	segment: "Femme seule"
1961	Un soir sur la plage	Georgina	Michel Boisrond
	The Counterfeiters of Paris	Solange Mideau	Gilles Grangier
	Vanina Vanini	Contessa Vitelleschi	Roberto Rossellini
1962	Operation Gold Ingot	Kathy	Georges Lautner
1962	I Don Giovanni della Costa Azzurra	Nadine Leblanc	Vittorio Sala
1966	Lasciapassare per l'inferno		George Fuller
1967	Hell Is Empty	Martine Grant	Bernard Knowles	Released Posthumously

References

^ The New Yorker, Volume 32, Issues 15-27, p 306
^ James Monaco (1991). The Encyclopedia of Film. James Monaco, James Pallot (editors). Perigee Books. p. 98. ISBN 9780399516047.
^ "Parisian Star Went. Cool on "Hot" Role". The Evening Advocate. Queensland, Australia. 23 April 1947. p. 5. Retrieved 3 May 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
^ "Marlene is back with ex-beau". The Sun. No. 11, 829. New South Wales, Australia. 24 December 1947. p. 22 (Late Final Extra). Retrieved 3 May 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
^ "The ordeal of Caroline". The Daily News. Vol. LXXI, no. 24, 405. Western Australia. 4 July 1953. p. 4 (Sports). Retrieved 3 May 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
^ Mallin, Jay (4 January 1956). "Outside US, Nudes is Good Newds at the BO". Variety. p. 66.
^ "Enticing, Fascinating". The Argus (Melbourne). No. 33, 320. Victoria, Australia. 19 June 1953. p. 16. Retrieved 3 May 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
^ "French Films 52% of French Market". Variety. 19 January 1955. p. 12.
^ "Martine Carol is France's sexiest siren..." The Australian Women's Weekly. Vol. 24, no. [?]. Australia, Australia. 5 December 1956. p. 28. Retrieved 3 May 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
^ "Italian Drama". The Australian Women's Weekly. Vol. 23, no. [?]. Australia, Australia. 15 February 1956. p. 45. Retrieved 3 May 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
^ Nat Segaloff, Final Cuts: The Last Films of 50 Great Directors, Bear Manor Media 2013 p 281-283
^ "She Baths in Bubbly – At £500 a Time". The Mirror. Vol. 35, no. 1766. Western Australia. 2 April 1955. p. 3. Retrieved 3 May 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
^ Martina Müller, Werner Dütsch: Lola Montez – Eine Filmgeschichte. In: Stefan Drößler (ed.): Lola Montez. Filmmuseum München, München 2002, p. 6.
^ Chapman, J. (2022). The Money Behind the Screen: A History of British Film Finance, 1945-1985. Edinburgh University Press p 359
^ "Outdoor roles for Van and Martine". The Australian Women's Weekly. Vol. 24, no. 32. Australia, Australia. 9 January 1957. p. 26. Retrieved 3 May 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
^ "Martine Carol". The Australian Women's Weekly. Vol. 25, no. 20. Australia, Australia. 23 October 1957. p. 57. Retrieved 3 May 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
^ Merrick, James W. (August 10, 1958). "Heartier Horse Opera Heroines". The New York Times. p. X5.
^ "Martine Has All Clothes in This Role". Los Angeles Times. 27 December 1965. p. D17.
^ David Wynne-Morgan. London Life. July 30, 1966. Pages 10, 12
^ "Martine Carol, French Actress – Screen Star Who Appeared in Over 40 Films Dies". The New York Times. 7 February 1967. p. 39. Retrieved May 3, 2023.
^ "Hell Is Empty". Monthly Film Bulletin. Vol. 37, no. 432. London. January 1, 1970. p. 226.
^ ^a ^b ^c Mann, Roderick (June 5, 1966). "Martine: 'I've Always Had Trouble with Men'". The Miami Herald. Florida, Miami. The London Express. p. 3 H. Retrieved January 19, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
^ "Martine Carol Dies". The Canberra Times. Vol. 41, no. 11, 606. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 7 February 1967. p. 1. Retrieved 3 May 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
^ "Grave plundered". The Canberra Times. Vol. 41, no. 11, 622. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 25 February 1967. p. 1. Retrieved 3 May 2023 – via National Library of Australia.

Chapuy, Arnaud (2001). Martine Carol filmée par Christian-Jaque : un phénomène du cinéma populaire. Paris: L'Harmattan.

Bibliography

Debot, Georges (1979). Martine Carol ou la vie de Martine chérie. Préface de Mary Marquet. Paris: France-Empire.
Cohen, André-Charles (1986). Martine chérie. Collection photographique de Jean-Charles Sabria. Préface de Cécil Saint-Laurent. Paris: Ramsay.