Born and raised in La Goulette, a neighbourhood of Tunis, Cardinale won the "Most Beautiful Italian Girl in Tunisia" competition in 1957, the prize being a trip to Italy, which quickly led to film contracts, due above all to the involvement of Franco Cristaldi, who acted as her mentor for a number of years and later married her. After making her debut in a minor role with the Egyptian star Omar Sharif in Goha (1958), Cardinale became one of the best-known actresses in Italy with roles in films such as Rocco and His Brothers (1960), Girl with a Suitcase (1961), Cartouche (1962), The Leopard (1963), and Fellini's 8½ (1963).[a]
Outspoken on women's rights causes over the years, Cardinale has been a UNESCO goodwill ambassador for the Defence of Women's Rights since March 2000. In February 2011, the Los Angeles Times Magazine named Cardinale among the 50 most beautiful women in film history.
Early life
Claudia Cardinale was born Claude Joséphine Rose Cardinale in La Goulette, a neighbourhood of Tunis, Tunisia, on 15 April 1938.[6][7] Her father, Francesco Cardinale, was a railway worker, born in Gela, Sicily.[8] Her mother Yolande Greco was born in the then Italian Tripolitania to Sicilian parents emigrants from Trapani[8] where they owned a small shipbuilding firm. They later settled in La Goulette, which had a large Italian community. Her native languages were French, Tunisian Arabic, and the Sicilian language of her parents. She did not learn to speak Italian fluently until she started being cast in Italian films.[9]
Cardinale was educated at the Saint-Joseph-de-l'Apparition school of Carthage, which she attended along with her younger sister Blanche.[10] She then studied at the Paul Cambon School, graduating with the intention of becoming a teacher.[11] As a teenager, she was described as "silent, weird, and wild", and like other girls of her generation, was fascinated by Brigitte Bardot, who came to prominence in the 1956 film And God Created Woman, directed by Roger Vadim.[12]
Career
1950s
Cardinale's first film work was participating, along with classmates, in a short film by French director René Vautier, Anneaux d'or, successfully presented at the Berlin Film Festival. The film made her a minor local celebrity,[13] and led to her being spotted by Jacques Baratier, who offered her a minor role in Goha. She accepted it reluctantly after Baratier explained he wanted a Tunisian actress rather than an Italian to star in the main role opposite the Egyptian actor Omar Sharif. The appearance nonetheless marked her feature-film debut.[14] The turning point came in 1957 during the Italian Cinema Week in Tunis, when she won a competition for the "Most Beautiful Italian Girl in Tunisia",[15] with a trip to the Venice Film Festival as first prize. After being spotted by several film producers at the event, she was invited to study at the Experimental Cinematography Centre in Rome under Tina Lattanzi. She attended briefly as, despite her extremely photogenic looks, she had trouble with her acting assignments (partly owing to her difficulties with the Italian language).[16] She left at the end of her first term and decided to return home, earning herself a cover story in the popular weekly Epoca triggered by her unexpected decision to turn her back on a career as a film star.[17][b]
Back in Tunis, however, Cardinale discovered unexpectedly that she was pregnant, the result of what she later described as a "terrible" relationship with a Frenchman, some 10 years her senior, which began when she was only 17 and lasted for about a year. On this discovery, he wanted her to have an abortion, but she decided to keep the child.[21] She solved her problems by signing a seven-year exclusive contract with Franco Cristaldi's production company Vides.[22][23][c] Cristaldi largely managed her early career, and she was married to him from 1966 until 1975.[24]
Under the new contract, in 1958, Cardinale was given a minor role with Italian actors Vittorio Gassman, Totò, Marcello Mastroianni, and Renato Salvatori in Mario Monicelli's internationally successful criminal comedy Big Deal on Madonna Street (I soliti ignoti).[25] She portrayed Carmelita, a Sicilian girl virtually imprisoned in her home by her overpowering brother. The comedy was a huge success, making Cardinale instantly recognisable. Some newspapers were already referring to her as "la fidanzata d'Italia" (Italy's sweetheart).[26] Later that year, she had a leading role opposite Yvonne Monlaur in Claudio Gora's romantic comedy Three Strangers in Rome.[27]
Although she worked well into her seventh month, Cardinale's pregnancy was kept a tight secret. Tormented by thoughts of suicide, she fell into a state of depression.[28] When she thought she could no longer hide her condition, she asked Cristaldi to terminate her contract. Understanding her predicament, he sent her to London for the birth, far away from the press. He simply explained that she had gone to England to learn English for a film.[29] Cristaldi told Cardinale not to reveal her condition as she would be betraying the public and it would put an end to her career. So as to maintain the secret, he drew up a detailed American-style contract covering every little detail of her life, depriving her of any possibility of acting on her own behalf.[30] Cardinale explained: "I was no longer master of my own body or thoughts. Even talking with a friend about anything that could make me look different from my public image was risky, as if it had been publicized, I would have been in trouble. Everything was in the hands of Vides".[31] For seven years, Cardinale kept her secret, not only from the public but also from her own son, Patrick, who grew up in the family with her parents and sister more or less as a brother[32] until the day Enzo Biagi, a journalist, discovered the truth. After Cardinale decided to tell him everything, he published her story in Oggi and L'Europeo.[33]
In 1960, Cardinale starred opposite Marcello Mastroianni in Mauro Bolognini's Golden Leopard-winning drama film Il bell'Antonio.[39] The film marked the start of a fruitful partnership. Cardinale stated that her films with Bolognini were among the most joyful of her career, considering him to be "a great director, a man of rare professional capability, great taste and culture. Beyond that, for me personally, a sensitive and sincere friend."[40] In Bolognini's films, thanks to her aesthetic femininity, Cardinale took roles of manipulative women who lead men to perdition. During the filming of Il bell'Antonio, her co-star Marcello Mastroianni fell in love with her, but she rejected him, as she did not take his love seriously, considering him to be one of those actors who cannot help but fall in love with their co-stars.[41] Mastroianni insisted that his feelings were genuine, even after many years.[42] The genuine empathy between the two actors proved to be ideal for reproducing the tension between the characters in the film. Cardinale next portrayed Pauline Bonaparte in Abel Gance's French film Napoleone ad Austerlitz,[43] and after appearing opposite Gassman and Salvatori in the sequel to Big Deal on Madonna Street, Audace colpo dei soliti ignoti, she portrayed Ginetta, the fiancée of Spiros Focás, alongside Salvatori and Alain Delon in Luchino Visconti's critically acclaimed Rocco and His Brothers.[44] However, her leading performance in Francesco Maselli's Silver Spoon Set gained her most attention during this period.[25] Francesco Freda felt the film paved her way "to great success", noting the "sweetness of her smile" which struck a chord with the public.[45]
In 1961, Cardinale portrayed a sultry nightclub singer and young mother in Valerio Zurlini's Girl with a Suitcase. As a result of her own experience of early motherhood, Cardinale naturally conveyed the concerns of a teenaged mother, identifying fully with the character of Aida.[46] Such was her psychological involvement that she needed several months to overcome her apprehensions and prepare for the part.[47] Zurlini chose her for such a difficult role against everyone's advice, as she was not yet considered a "real" actress, nor was she (yet) one of the most celebrated Italian beauties.[48] However, he was very close and supportive of Cardinale during the production, and a true friendship developed between the two, based on a deep mutual understanding. Cardinale remarked: "Zurlini was one of those who really love women: he had an almost feminine sensitivity. He could understand me at a glance. He taught me everything, without ever making demands on me. ... He was really very fond of me."[46] Cardinale was warmly praised by the critics for her performance in Girl with a Suitcase, Dennis Schwartz considering her to have been at her "charming best".[49] Later in 1961, Cardinale starred as a prostitute opposite Jean-Paul Belmondo in Bolognini's La Viaccia. Both Girl with a Suitcase and La Viaccia were presented at the 1961 Cannes Film Festival. At the time, Cardinale was not considered comparable to the two divas of Italian cinema, Sophia Loren and Gina Lollobrigida, but several newspapers and magazines including Paris Match began to consider her to be a credible young rival to Brigitte Bardot.[50] Cardinale's 1961 appearances also included Henri Verneuil's French comedy Les Lions sont lâchés,[51] and Auguste in which she had a cameo role.[52]
The following year, Cardinale starred opposite Jean-Paul Belmondo as Vénus in the 18th-century set adventure Cartouche, which made her a major star in France.[53] She also played Angiolina, the romantic interest of Anthony Franciosa in Bolognini's Senilità, a character which film writer Jacek Klinowski describes as "a spirited and strikingly beautiful twenty-year-old".[54] In 1962, Cardinale was interviewed by the writer Alberto Moravia, who focused exclusively on her sexuality and body image in films, treating her as an object. Cardinale remarked to him: "I used my body as a mask, as a representation of myself".[55] The interview was published in Esquire under the title "The Next Goddess of Love". Cardinale was amused to discover that the interview had inspired the writer to publish La dea dell'amore ("Goddess of Love") the following year, in which one of the characters, with her fine physical appearance and natural curves, closely resembled Cardinale.[55] Just a few years later, she played a similar character in a film based on another novel by Moravia, Time of Indifference.[56]
Cardinale with Burt Lancaster and Alain Delon in The Leopard (1963)
The finest and most prolific year of her career was 1963, when she appeared in a number of leading productions.[57] She starred alongside Burt Lancaster in Visconti's The Leopard (1963) (Il Gattopardo), portraying a village girl who married a progressive young aristocrat (Alain Delon), and played a film actress cast by a director (Marcello Mastroianni) in Federico Fellini's 8½. Both films were critically acclaimed and are often cited by critics and scholars as among the greatest films ever made.[58][59] She participated in the two films during exactly the same period, frequently moving from one to the other and experiencing the strictly planned approach of Visconti which contrasted strongly with Fellini's much more relaxed style and his almost total reliance on improvisation.[60] Cardinale remembered Visconti's set as having an almost religious atmosphere, everything focused on the film, far removed from the outside world. Visconti needed silence for his work while Fellini preferred noise and confusion.[61]
Prior to this period, Cardinale's own voice had not been used in her Italian films, as it was considered too hoarse, and owing to her French accent, insufficiently Italian.[62][63] Not until 8½ was she allowed to use her own voice.[62][64] Cardinale explained: "When I arrived for my first movie, I couldn't speak a word. I thought I was on the moon. I couldn't understand what they were talking about. And I was speaking in French; in fact I was dubbed. And Federico Fellini was the first one who used my voice. I think I had a very strange voice."[60] With her portrayal of Angelica in The Leopard and her brief appearance as herself in 8½, Cardinale achieved the definitive status of a top-ranking star.[65]
The same year, Cardinale starred as Mara in La ragazza di Bube or Bebo's Girl,[66] in which she also used her own voice. For her performance in the film, she received her first Nastro d'Argento for Best Actress in 1965.[67] Cardinale acted in her first American film (although it was produced in Italy) when she played Princess Dala, a wealthy aristocratic woman who is the love and jewellery interest of David Niven in the Cortina d'Ampezzo-set The Pink Panther. Cardinale's voice in the film was dubbed by Gale Garnett, who went uncredited.[68] Niven raved about working with the actress, telling her, "After spaghetti, you're Italy's happiest invention."[69]
In 1964, Cardinale starred alongside Rod Steiger and Shelley Winters in Francesco Maselli's Italian-made Time of Indifference. Thereafter, she spent three years in the United States, where she starred in several Hollywood films. She told of how she benefited from the arrangement, explaining it was an American initiative at a time when they invited all the successful European actresses to perform in their pictures, hoping to create a monopoly. Many suffered from the experience, but she was able to hold her own: "I took care of my own interests, blankly refusing to sign an exclusive contract with Universal Studios. I only signed for individual films. In the end, everything worked out fine for me.[70] She first starred in the Henry Hathaway's Hollywood picture Circus World (1964) opposite John Wayne and Rita Hayworth, playing the daughter of Hayworth, who performs with her as a mother-daughter circus act.[71] By the end of the decade, she had returned to making films primarily in Italy, accepting a pay cut, turning her back on Hollywood stardom. Cardinale has further said, "I don't like the star system. I'm a normal person. I like to live in Europe. I mean, I've been going to Hollywood many, many times, but I didn't want to sign a contract."[72] Film writer David Simpson notes that as a result, "Cardinale never achieved the same level of fame as Loren and Gina Lollobrigida", although she appeared in a higher number of decent films.[73]
In 1964, she also played the lead role in The Magnificent Cuckold, based on the Belgian play Le Cocu magnifique.[74] She was at the height of her sensuality at the time, but later the film only brought back unpleasant memories for her as she experienced little empathy with the director Antonio Pietrangeli, while the male star Ugo Tognazzi tried to seduce her.[75] In 1965, Cardinale appeared in Visconti's Vaghe stelle dell'Orsa, known as Sandra (Of a Thousand Delights) in the US and Of These Thousand Pleasures in the UK, playing a Holocaust survivor who may have had an incestuous relationship with her brother.[76] Later that year, she starred opposite Rock Hudson in Universal Pictures's Blindfold, the last film to be directed by Philip Dunne. Filming began on 22 February 1965 on location in Ocala, Florida.[77]Diane Bond doubled for Cardinale in the film.[78] Cardinale became good friends with Hudson, who proved to be very protective of her, knowing her discomfort outside of Italy. While in Hollywood, Cardinale also became friends with Barbra Streisand, Elliott Gould, and Steve McQueen, but she never managed to feel at home there.[79]
By 1966, Cardinale was being cited as the most popular film star in Italy, even more than Mastroianni and Loren.[63]Life stated that "the Cardinale appeal is a blend of solid simplicity and radiant sensuality. It moves men all over the world to imagine her both as an exciting mistress and wife."[63] However, following her success in Hollywood, she began to express concerns about the direction of her career. In a July 1966 interview with Life, she confessed her fear of being overglamourized and exploited, like Sophia Loren, and although she had several further US films lined up, stated: "If I have to give up the money, I give it up. I do not want to become a cliché."[63]
In 1966, a photograph of Cardinale was featured in the original gatefold artwork to Bob Dylan's album Blonde on Blonde (1966), but it was used without her permission and removed from later pressings.[80] That year, she starred in Mark Robson's war picture Lost Command for Columbia Pictures opposite Anthony Quinn, Alain Delon, and George Segal. Quinn expressed his love of working with Cardinale, stating that although he adored Cardinale and Loren equally, "I relate easier to Claudia, Sophia creates an impression of something larger than life, something unobtainable. But Claudia – she's not easy, still she's within reach".[63] She also played a Mexican marquessa in Richard Brooks' Western The Professionals, uniting her on screen once again with Burt Lancaster in what she considered to be her best American film.[81] The following year, she appeared in Una rosa per tutti (A Rose for Everyone) and in Alexander Mackendrick's sex farceDon't Make Waves opposite Tony Curtis. Although occasional funny moments were noted, Don't Make Waves was generally panned by the critics and the lack of chemistry with co-star Curtis was highlighted.[82]Leonard Maltin, though, described the film as "a gem".[83]
At the beginning of 1967, Cristaldi joined her in the United States. While the two were staying in Atlanta, he surprised her by taking her to their wedding ceremony which he had arranged without her knowledge. She went ahead with the ceremony but was concerned about sacrificing the rights she had to her child Patrick. She also realised she was increasingly unable to make decisions about her own life.[84] The marriage was never made official in Italy.[85]
In 1968, Cardinale featured opposite Franco Nero in The Day of the Owl, in a David di Donatello for Best Actress-winning performance. She reunited with Rock Hudson in the Italian-made criminal comedy A Fine Pair under director Francesco Maselli. She also appeared alongside Rod Taylor in The Hell with Heroes and starred in one of her best-known roles as former prostitute Jill McBain in Sergio Leone's epic Western Once Upon a Time in the West.[86] Such was the power of her performance as the whore that Leone's biographer Robert C. Cumbow described her as "permanently engraved in cinematic history" and noted how suited to the role she was: "Her sex-goddess appearance combines with her more mystical iconographic associations to ease the progress of Jill from tart to town builder, from harlot to earth mother, from sinner to symbol of America—the apotheosis of the harlot with a heart of gold."[87] In 1969, Cardinale starred opposite Nino Manfredi in Luigi Magni's Nell'anno del Signore, based on the actual story of the capital execution of two carbonari in papal Rome. This was followed by a role as a telephone operator in Certo certissimo ... anzi probabile, and as a nurse opposite Sean Connery and Peter Finch in Mikhail Kalatozov's The Red Tent, based on the story of the mission to rescue Umberto Nobile and the other survivors of the crash of the Airship Italia.[88]
1970s
Cardinale with Alberto Sordi in A Girl in Australia (1971), which earned her the David di Donatello for Best Actress
After a role in Si salvi chi vuole (1980), and a smaller part in Peter Zinner's The Salamander opposite Franco Nero, Anthony Quinn, and Christopher Lee,[102] Cardinale played the love interest of Marcello Mastroianni in Liliana Cavani's war picture The Skin, a film which also reunited her with Burt Lancaster.[103]The Skin was entered into the 1981 Cannes Film Festival.[104] In 1982, Cardinale appeared in Werner Herzog's Fitzcarraldo, playing a successful brothel owner who funds Klaus Kinski's purchase of an old steamship in South America. The film, inspired by the story of Peruvian rubber baron Carlos Fermín Fitzcarrald, was shot on location in Brazil and Peru. The film was critically acclaimed, with Vincent Canby of The New York Times calling it "a fine, quirky, fascinating movie" and a "stunning spectacle", comparing the dynamic between Kinski and Cardinale to Katharine Hepburn and Humphrey Bogart in John Huston's The African Queen. He pointed out that although Cardinale's screen time in the film was not substantial, she set its comic tone; he praised the way she managed to turn Kinski, renowned for his volatile temperament and portrayals of megalomaniacs and criminals, into a "genuinely charming screen presence", adding a new dimension to his acting career.[105] Later that year, Cardinale played opposite Pierre Mondy in the sex farce Le Cadeau, a role which biographers Lancia and Minelli say was played with a "mature charm and expressiveness".[106]
In 1990, Cardinale starred opposite Bruno Cremer in Squitieri's Atto di dolore, and appeared in the Morocco-set Soviet-Italian production, La battaglia dei tre tamburi di fuoco.[117]
In 1991, Cardinale featured alongside Richard Berry and Omar Sharif in Henri Verneuil's Mayrig (meaning "mother"), a film about the struggles of an Armenian family that emigrates to Marseilles from Turkey after the Armenian genocide of 1915. Such was the success of the film that Verneuil made a sequel the following year, 588, rue Paradis, also featuring the cast. Cardinale was praised by critics for her role as the mother; the Armenian General Benevolent Union of America noted the "flawless performance of these intrepid actors, especially of Claudia Cardinale".[118] In 1993, Cardinale won the Leone d'oro alla carriera award at the Venice Film Festival, in which she was honoured along with Roman Polanski, Robert De Niro, and Steven Spielberg. Cardinale agreed to reunite with Blake Edwards, Herbert Lom, and Burt Kwouk to celebrate the 30th anniversary of The Pink Panther by making Son of the Pink Panther. It was Edward's last film, but was a critical and commercial failure, with critics despairing at the "painfully unfunny script" and the performance of Roberto Benigni as Clouseau, which earned him the Razzie Award for Worst New Star. As of July 2015[update], it has a rating of just 6% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 34 reviews.[119]
In 1994, Cardinale had a role in Charlotte Dubreuil's Elles ne pensent qu'à ça..., and the following year appeared in the French TV serial 10-07: L'affaire Zeus.[120]
In 1997, Cardinale featured in the British-Italian television drama miniseries Nostromo, directed by Alastair Reid and produced by Fernando Ghia of Pixit Productions, a co-production with Radiotelevisione Italiana, Televisión Española, and WGBH Boston.[121] It is described as "an adaptation of Joseph Conrad's epic story Nostromo of political upheaval, greed, and romance in turn-of-the-20th-century South America."[122] Cardinale and the cast were nominated for an ALMA Award for Outstanding Latino/a Cast in a Made-for-Television Movie or Mini-Series. Later in 1997, Cardinale appeared in the films Sous les pieds des femmes and her husband's Stupor Mundi, in which she portrayed Constance of Aragon.[123] In 1998, Cardinale portrayed the mother of Lola Naymark in the French picture Riches, belles, etc., a wealthy baroness who leaves her hotel to her daughter to care for during her absence.[124] The following year, Cardinale played the peasant mother of two children who are members of Carmine Crocco's (Enrico Lo Verso's) army during the Garibaldi era, in Cristaldi's historical film Li chiamarono... briganti!. Poorly received, the film was boycotted, and the producers have since refused to assign the broadcasting rights.[125]
In 2005, Cardinale appeared in a Philippe Adrien stage production of Tennessee Williams's Sweet Bird of Youth, and in the 2006/2007 season also featured in another Williams play, The Glass Menagerie, directed by Andrea Liberovici, in which she played the character of Amanda.[130] In 2007, Cardinale appeared in the Aline Issermann comedy film Cherche fiancé tous frais payés, opposite Alexandra Lamy and Bruno Salomone,[131] in a role which Patrick Besson described as "atrocious".[132] After a role in the TV movie Hold-up à l'italienne (2008), the following year Cardinale starred in the critically acclaimed The String, playing a Tunisian mother who has a tempestuous relationship with her French-educated gay son.[133] Michael D. Klemm of cinemaqueer.com reflected on how the film broke many of the taboos with interracial sexuality and homosexuality. He praised Cardinale's "terrific" acting and portrayal of the "overbearing" mother, likening one scene, where she "brings home a nice girl for Malik (Antonin Stahly) to meet", to Harold and Maude (1971).[134]
In 2012, Cardinale featured opposite Jeanne Moreau and Michael Lonsdale in the final feature film to be directed by Portuguese director Manoel de Oliveira, Gebo and the Shadow. Critically acclaimed, it has a rare 100% rating on Rotten Tomatoes,[137] and was shown at the 69th Venice International Film Festival.[138]The Hollywood Reporter described it as the "ensemble of superb older performers who comprise the remainder of the dramatis personae".[139] Another excellent film in which Cardinale acted, released in 2012, was The Artist and the Model. In it, she starred along with Jean Rochefort. In 2013, Cardinale starred alongside supporting actresses Patricia Black and Chloé Cunha in Nadia Szold's Joy de V.,[140] and had a role in Ernst Gossner's war drama The Silent Mountain, a love story set in the Dolomite Mountains at the outbreak of World War I between Italy and Austria-Hungary in 1915. Gossner described her as "a terrific spirit on the set", and noted that Cardinale told the production team "legendary stories" about Marcello Mastroianni.[141] In 2014, Cardinale portrayed a "sympathetic Italian chaperone" viscountess in the British period drama film Effie Gray, which was written by Emma Thompson (whom Cardinale shares birthday with) and featured Dakota Fanning in the lead role.[142] While promoting Effie Gray, in an interview Cardinale said: "I still continue to work, it's 142 movies now. Usually when you are old you don't work any more, but I still work, which is good.... I've been very lucky because I've had many fantastic directors with me, Fellini, Visconti, Blake Edwards, lots and lots...".[143]
In 2020, Cardinale headlined the Swiss miniseries Bulle. Later that year, she had a role in the Netflix film Rogue City. In its debut weekend, it was the second most-streamed film on the site.[145]
Personal life
Claudia Cardinale met the Italian film producer Franco Cristaldi in 1958.[23] According to Cardinale, the couple had a marriage party but did not marry,[146] and they became increasingly detached. Cristaldi later married Zeudi Araya and had no further relationship with Cardinale.[147]
Cardinale lived with Pasquale Squitieri, an Italian film director, for 42 years, from 1975[148] until Squitieri died on 18 February 2017, aged 78.[149]
Cardinale has two children: Patrick, who was born when she was 19 and later adopted by Cristaldi,[150] and Claudia,[151] whom she had with Squitieri.
Cardinale is a political liberal who has supported feminist causes over the years. Although she lives in Paris, Cardinale is fiercely outspoken about being identified as an Italian. She has been a UNESCO goodwill ambassador for the Defence of Women's Rights since March 2000,[154] and was a goodwill ambassador for the UNESCO World Water Day for 2006.[155]
Cardinale published an autobiography with Anne Mori, Io Claudia, Tu Claudia, in 1995.[9] She has been a regular attendee of the Academy Awards. Her awards have included an honorary Golden Lion at the 1993 Venice Film Festival, and an Honorary Golden Bear at the 2002 Berlin Film Festival. The Los Angeles Times Magazine, in a February 2011 online feature, named Cardinale among the 50 most beautiful women in film history.[156][157] Cardinale said of her acting, "I never felt scandal and confession were necessary to be an actress. I've never revealed myself or even my body in films. Mystery is very important."[158] In a 2014 interview, she revealed her secret of success: "If you want to practise this craft, you have to have inner strength. Otherwise, you'll lose your idea of who you are. Every film I make entails becoming a different woman. And in front of a camera, no less! But when I'm finished, I'm me again."[69]
^Rocco and His Brothers, The Leopard and 8½ in particular are frequently ranked by directors and critics as among the greatest films ever made.[2][3][4][5]
^The beauty contest was meant to raise money for charity; Cardinale's mother was on the charity committee. She says she was pushed on stage by someone while she was helping with the arrangements and was declared the winner.[18] At the time, Cardinale had her teacher's certificate and hoped to teach in a Tunisian desert town.[19] Since Cardinale wanted to become a teacher, she was not interested in the many film contracts offered her during her visit to Venice. The offers followed her after her return to Tunisia.[20]
^Cristaldi offered Cardinale the contract without a screen test. The contract contained many stipulations which Cardinale was expected to adhere to while Cristaldi groomed her.[20]
^Anderson, Burt (9 September 1963). "On Being Herself". Tucson Daily Citizen. p. 26. Archived from the original on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 7 July 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
Brunetta, Gian Piero (1993). Storia del cinema italiano. Volume quarto: Dal miracolo economico agli anni novanta 1960–1993 (in Italian). Editori Riuniti. ISBN88-359-3788-4.
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Het Osaka Business Park In deze lijst staan de hoogste gebouwen van Osaka, Japan. Er bevinden zich meer dan 25 wolkenkrabbers hoger dan 150 meter in Osaka. Hoewel de eerste wolkenkrabber relatief laat verscheen (de OBP Castle Tower gebouwd in 1986), zijn er sinds de eeuwwisseling 15 bij gekomen. De Cosmo Tower (voorheen het World Trade Center van Osaka) is met 252 meter thans (2010) het hoogste gebouw van Osaka. De hoogste woontoren is The Kitahama van 209 meter. Overigens is de Rinku Gate To...
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Vratsa Province – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Province of Bulgaria 43°31′N 23°36′E / 43.517°N 23.600°E / 43.517; 23.600 Province in BulgariaVratsa ...
Дмитро Євменович Балацький Зображення Капела під керівництва Д. Балацького (1937)Основна інформаціяДата народження 26 жовтня 1902(1902-10-26)Місце народження ГайсинДата смерті 15 березня 1981(1981-03-15) (78 років)Місце смерті ПолтаваГромадянство Російська імперія → УНР → УРСРПроф
Сан-Франциська конференціяангл. United Nations Conference on International OrganizationДата проведення 25 квітня — 26 червня 1945 рокуМісцепроведення Сан-Франциско, СШАРезультати Підписано Статут ООНПослідовність ← Ялтинська конференція Потсдамська конференція → Сан-Франциська конференція&#...
2002 live album by SnotAlive!Live album by SnotReleasedJuly 30, 2002RecordedMay 1998Genre Funk metal[1] hardcore punk[2] Length46:18LabelHip-O RecordsProducerNic AdlerSnot chronology Strait Up(2000) Alive!(2002) Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllmusic[1] Alive! is a live album by Snot. The songs were all performed and recorded at The Palace in Hollywood, California in May 1998.[3] Released on July 30, 2002, it peaked at #12 on the Billboar...
«Шривіджая» Повна назва Футбольний клуб«Шривіджая» Прізвисько Андаласький орелНаші воїни Засновано 1976 Населений пункт Палембанг, Індонезія Стадіон «Джакабарінг»у Палембанзі Вміщує 40 000 Президент Доді Реза Алекс Головний тренер Бенні Долло Ліга Суперліга Індонезі...
Chamber of the heart VentricleComputer generated animation of cut section of the human heart showing both ventricles.DetailsIdentifiersLatinventriculus cordisMeSHD006352TA98A12.1.00.012FMA7100Anatomical terminology[edit on Wikidata] A ventricle is one of two large chambers toward the bottom of the heart that collect and expel blood towards the peripheral beds within the body and lungs. The blood pumped by a ventricle is supplied by an atrium, an adjacent chamber in the upper heart that is...
Nota: Se procura a banda de música eletrônica, veja Spahn Ranch (banda). O Spahn Movie Ranch, com vista de parte da Old Santa Susana Stage Road. Spahn Ranch, também conhecido como Spahn Movie Ranch é uma propriedade rural de 500 acres (2km²) situado em 1200 Santa Susana Pass Road, Chatsworth, Montanhas Santa Susana, na Califórnia, Estados Unidos. O rancho é mais conhecido por ter sido o local onde Charles Manson e os integrantes de seu grupo de assassinos, a Família Manson, habi...
Stadion Balgarska Armia Balgarska Armia (bahasa Bulgaria: Българска Армия, diterjemahkan menjadi Stadion Angkatan Darat Bulgaria) adalah stadion klub sepak bola Bulgaria CSKA Sofia. Stadion tersebut memiliki empat sektor dantotal 22,995 (18,495) kursi,[1] 2,100 diantaranya ditutup. Panjang lapangannya adalah 106 meter dan lebarnya adalah 66 meter.[2] Referensi ^ http://gong.bg/bg-football/a-grupa/nad-10-000-chakat-na-cska-ludogorec-304996 ^ Bulgarska Armia St...
1925 film NamusA scene from the filmDirected byHamo BeknazarianBased onNamusby Alexander ShirvanzadeStarringHovhannes AbelianHasmikCinematographySergei ZabozlayevProductioncompaniesArmenfilmSakhkinmretsviRelease dates 13 April 1926 (1926-04-13) (Yerevan) 3 October 1926 (1926-10-03) (Moscow) Running time62 minutesCountrySoviet UnionLanguageArmenian (1960s voiced version) Russian poster of Namus in Leningrad, 1926 2005 restored version poster Namus (Armenia...
Stasiun Sakura桜駅Gerbang masukLokasiYobitsugi 4-27-15, Minami, Nagoya, Aichi（愛知県名古屋市南区呼続四丁目27-15）JepangPengelolaNagoya RailroadJalurJalur Utama Meitetsu NagoyaSejarahDibuka1917Penumpang20081449 per hari Sunting kotak info • L • BBantuan penggunaan templat ini Gerbang tiket Stasiun Sakura (桜駅code: ja is deprecated , Sakura-eki) adalah sebuah stasiun kereta api dari Jalur Utama Meitetsu Nagoya yang terletak di Minami-ku, Nagoya, Jepang. Stasi...
British TV comedy sketch show 2007–08 The Peter Serafinowicz ShowGenreSketch comedyBlack comedySatireCreated byPeter SerafinowiczJames SerafinowiczStarringPeter SerafinowiczCountry of originUnited KingdomOriginal languageEnglishNo. of series1No. of episodes7ProductionEditorPaul MachlissRunning time30 minutesProduction companyObjective ProductionsOriginal releaseNetworkBBC TwoRelease4 October 2007 (2007-10-04) –23 December 2008 (2008-12-23) The Peter Serafinowicz Show is a B...
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