MDDMA

MDDMA

MDDMA
For the opioid known as 6-MDDM, see 6-Methylenedihydrodesoxymorphine.

MDDMA
Clinical data
Other names3,4-Methylenedioxy-N,N-dimethylamphetamine; 3,4-Methylenedioxy-(α,N,N-trimethyl)-1-ethane; MDDM; MDDMA; N,N-Dimethyl-MDA; N-Methyl-MDMA
Routes of
administration		Oral[1]
Drug classSerotonin releasing agent; Serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist; Psychoactive drug
ATC code
  • None
Pharmacokinetic data
Duration of actionUnknown[1]
Identifiers
  • 1-(2H-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC12H17NO2
Molar mass207.273 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
Melting point172 to 173 °C (342 to 343 °F)
  • CC(Cc1ccc2c(c1)OCO2)N(C)C
  • InChI=1S/C12H17NO2/c1-9(13(2)3)6-10-4-5-11-12(7-10)15-8-14-11/h4-5,7,9H,6,8H2,1-3H3 X markN
  • Key:JEJGUIDNYBAPGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N X markN
 X markNcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

MDDMA, or MDDM, also known as 3,4-methylenedioxy-N,N-dimethylamphetamine or as N,N-dimethyl-MDA or N-methyl-MDMA, is a psychoactive drug of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and MDxx families.[1][2][3] It is the N,N-dimethyl analogue of MDA and the N-methyl derivative of MDMA.[1] The drug is a known synthetic impurity of MDMA and has also been described as a possible novel designer drug in 2025.[4] In addition, (R)-MDDMA was characterized as a non-hallucinogenic psychoplastogen with antidepressant-like effects and improved safety relative to MDMA in 2026.[3]

Use and effects

In his book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved), Alexander Shulgin lists MDDMA's dose as greater than 150 mg orally and its duration as unknown.[1] Findings on the effects of MDDMA are very mixed.[1] In two reports, with 150 mg and 1,000 mg both orally, no effects whatsoever occurred.[1] In another report, 550 mg orally resulted in very negative effects.[1] Finally, two people who used 200 mg orally found that it produced very pleasant effects for 20 minutes, wore off, but then resurged to produce even stronger effects 4 hours later.[1] The higher-dose reports were communicated to Shulgin anonymously and he was uncertain whether the actual substance employed was indeed MDDMA.[1] More research seems necessary to characterize MDDMA, but Shulgin expected that a "pretty hefty dose" would be required for it to produce effects.[1]

Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

MDDMA shows reduced potency as a monoamine releasing agent and reuptake inhibitor compared to MDA and MDMA.[2] It was 11-fold less potent than MDMA and 4-fold less potent than MDA as a serotonin releasing agent (SRA).[2] Moreover, whereas MDA and MDMA are serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agents (SNDRAs), MDDMA is a selective SRA along with ≥10-fold weaker dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition.[2] The related drug MDTMA is completely inactive as a monoamine releasing agent, though it does still show very weak monoamine reuptake inhibition.[2] Another related drug, dimethylamphetamine, is said to be a prodrug of methamphetamine and amphetamine, although it is much less potent and weaker than these drugs.[5][6][7]

(R)-MDDMA has been found be inactive as a serotonin releasing agent but to act as a partial agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors.[3] Conversely, unlike MDMA, it was inactive as a serotonin 5-HT2B receptor agonist.[3] In animal studies, (R)-MDDMA did not produce the head-twitch response, affect body temperature, or induce hyperlocomotion, and showed diminished or no prosocial effects.[3] On the other hand, it produced psychoplastogenic effects mediated by serotonin 5-HT2 receptor activation as well as promoted fear extinction and induced antidepressant-like effects.[3] It was concluded that (R)-MDDMA is a non-hallucinogenic psychoplastogen with improved safety compared to MDMA and (R)-MDMA.[3]

Pharmacokinetics

It is possible that MDDMA could be partially demethylated into MDMA.[3] However, based on (R)-MDDMA and (R)-MDMA having very different effects in animals, such conversion appears to be limited.[3]

Chemistry

Synthesis

The chemical synthesis of MDDMA has been described.[1]

Impurity

MDDMA is occasionally encountered as an impurity in MDMA which has been synthesized by methylation of MDA using methylating chemical reagents such as methyl iodide. An excess of reagent or a reaction temperature that is too high results in some double methylation of the amine nitrogen, yielding MDDMA as well as MDMA. The presence of MDDMA as an impurity can thus reveal which synthetic route was used to manufacture seized samples of MDMA.[8][9][10]

Analogues

Analogues of MDDMA include MDA, MDMA, MDTMA (N,N,N-trimethyl-MDA) and dimethylone (βk-MDDMA), among others.[1]

History

MDDMA was first described in the scientific literature by Alexander Shulgin and colleagues by 1980.[11] Subsequently, it was described in greater detail by Shulgin in his book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved) in 1991.[1] The drug was described as a possible novel designer drug in 2025.[4] David E. Olson and colleagues characterized (R)-MDDMA as a non-hallucinogenic psychoplastogen with antidepressant-like effects and improved safety relative to MDMA in 2026.[3]

Society and culture

Canada

MDDMA is a controlled substance in Canada.[12]

United Kingdom

This substance is a Class A drug in the Drugs controlled by the UK Misuse of Drugs Act.[13]

Research

(R)-MDDMA may have therapeutic potential with improved safety compared to MDMA.[3]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Shulgin A, Shulgin A (September 1991). PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story. Berkeley, California: Transform Press. ISBN 0-9630096-0-5. OCLC 25627628. https://erowid.org/library/books_online/pihkal/pihkal105.shtml
  2. ^ a b c d e Sandtner W, Stockner T, Hasenhuetl PS, Partilla JS, Seddik A, Zhang YW, et al. (January 2016). "Binding Mode Selection Determines the Action of Ecstasy Homologs at Monoamine Transporters". Mol Pharmacol. 89 (1): 165–175. doi:10.1124/mol.115.101394. PMC 4702095. PMID 26519222.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Vargas MV, Hatzipantelis CJ, Dunlap LE, Tombari RJ, Avanes AA, Vaillancourt S, et al. (April 2026). "R-MDDMA is a Safer Analogue of MDMA with Therapeutic Potential". ACS Chem Neurosci. doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00891. PMID 42010927.
  4. ^ a b Byrska B, Masier K, Stanaszek R (November 2025). ""New kid on the block"-MDDM as a new ingredient in Ecstasy tablets". J Forensic Sci. doi:10.1111/1556-4029.70226. PMID 41254475.
  5. ^ Dettmeyer R, Verhoff MA, Schütz HF (9 October 2013). Forensic Medicine: Fundamentals and Perspectives. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 519. ISBN 978-3-642-38818-7. Table 30.13: Amphetamine Data [...] Note: So-called prodrugs, such as amphetaminil (psychoanaleptic), benzphetamine, clobenzorex, dimethylamphetamine, ethylamphetamine, famprofazone, fencamine, fenethylline, fenproporex, furfenorex, mefenorex, mesocarb, prenylamine, and selegiline (antiparkinson agent), can result in the production of methamphetamine or amphetamine in the organism
  6. ^ Cody JT (May 2002). "Precursor medications as a source of methamphetamine and/or amphetamine positive drug testing results". J Occup Environ Med. 44 (5): 435–450. doi:10.1097/00043764-200205000-00012. PMID 12024689.
  7. ^ Inoue T, Suzuki S (August 1987). "The metabolism of dimethylamphetamine in rat and man". Xenobiotica. 17 (8): 965–971. doi:10.3109/00498258709044195. PMID 3673111.
  8. ^ Casteele SR, Bouche MP, Van Bocxlaer JF (September 2005). "LC-MS/MS in the elucidation of an isomer of the recreational drug methylenedioxy ethylamphetamine: methylenedioxy dimethylamphetamine". Journal of Separation Science. 28 (14): 1729–1734. doi:10.1002/jssc.200500108. PMID 16224967.
  9. ^ De Letter EA, Lambert WE, Bouche MP, Cordonnier JA, Van Bocxlaer JF, Piette MH (July 2007). "Postmortem distribution of 3,4-methylenedioxy-N,N-dimethyl-amphetamine (MDDM or MDDA) in a fatal MDMA overdose". International Journal of Legal Medicine. 121 (4): 303–307. doi:10.1007/s00414-006-0094-x. PMID 16636864.
  10. ^ Awad T, Belal T, Maher HM, DeRuiter J, Clark CR (October 2010). "GC-MS studies on side chain regioisomers related to substituted methylenedioxyphenethylamines: MDEA, MDMMA, and MBDB". Journal of Chromatographic Science. 48 (9): 726–732. doi:10.1093/chromsci/48.9.726. PMID 20875234.
  11. ^ Braun U, Shulgin AT, Braun G (February 1980). "Centrally active N-substituted analogs of 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylisopropylamine (3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)". J Pharm Sci. 69 (2): 192–195. doi:10.1002/jps.2600690220. PMID 6102141.
  12. ^ "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act". Department of Justice Canada. Retrieved 19 January 2026.
  13. ^ "UK Misuse of Drugs act 2001 Amendment summary". Isomer Design. Archived from the original on 22 October 2017. Retrieved 12 March 2014.

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