List of equipment used by Russian people's militias in Ukraine

This is a list of equipment of the armed forces of the Donetsk People's Republic and Luhansk People's Republic currently used in the Russo-Ukrainian War.

DPR 1st Army Corps forces emblem
LPR 2nd Army Corps forces emblem

Small arms

Pistols

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
Tokarev TT-33[1] Semi-automatic pistol 7.62×25mm Tokarev  Soviet Union 8-round magazine. Limited usage.
Makarov PM[1] Semi-automatic pistol 9×18mm Makarov  Soviet Union 8-round magazine. Most commonly used pistol by the pro-Russian separatists.
Stechkin APS[1] Machine pistol 9×18mm Makarov  Soviet Union 20-round magazine.
Type 54 pistol Semi-automatic pistol 7.62×25mm Tokarev  People's Republic of China At least one was documented in Severodonetsk in 2019.[2]

Submachine guns

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
PPSh-41[1] Submachine gun 7.62×25mm Tokarev  Soviet Union 35-round box magazine and 71-round drum magazine. Limited usage in the beginning of the conflict.[1]
PPS-43[1] Submachine gun 7.62×25mm Tokarev  Soviet Union 35-round box magazine. Limited usage in the beginning of the conflict.[1]

Shotguns

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
Akkar Altay Semi-automatic shotgun 12 gauge  Turkey [3]
Armscor Model 30 Pump-action shotgun 12 gauge  Philippines [3]
Saiga-12 Semi-automatic shotgun 12 gauge  Russia [3]

Bolt-action rifles

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
Mosin–Nagant M1891/30[1] Bolt action rifle 7.62×54mmR  Soviet Union 5-round magazine, optionally with a PU scope in sniper role.[1][3]

Semi-automatic rifles

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
SKS Semi-automatic rifle 7.62×39mm  Soviet Union [1]

Assault rifles

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
AKM Assault rifle 7.62×39mm  Soviet Union [1]
AKMS Assault rifle 7.62×39mm  Soviet Union [1]
AK-74 Assault rifle 5.45×39mm  Soviet Union [1][3]
AKS-74[1] Assault rifle 5.45×39mm  Soviet Union [3]
AKS-74U Assault carbine 5.45×39mm  Soviet Union [4]
AK-74M Assault rifle 5.45×39mm  Russia [1]

Precision rifles

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
AS Val Suppressed assault rifle 9×39mm  Soviet Union [3]
VSS Suppressed assault rifle 9×39mm  Soviet Union [1][3]
SVD Designated marksman rifle 7.62×54mmR  Soviet Union [1]
Zbroyar Z-10 Designated marksman rifle 7.62×51mm NATO  Ukraine [1]

Anti-materiel rifles

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
PTRD[1] Anti-tank rifle 14.5×114mm  Soviet Union Single-shot reloadable rifle.
PTRS-41[1] Anti-tank rifle 14.5×114mm  Soviet Union 5-round magazine.
KSVK / ASVK[1] Anti-materiel rifle 12.7×108mm  Russia Introduced for service with Russian forces in 2013. Any exports on this rifle is unknown.[1]
OSV-96 Anti-materiel rifle 12.7×108mm  Russia Limited use.[5]

Machine guns

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
RPD[1] Light machine gun 7.62×39mm  Soviet Union 100-round drum magazine.
RPK[1] Light machine gun 7.62×39mm  Soviet Union 40-round capacity box magazine or 75-round drum magazine.
RPK-74[1] / RPK-74M[6] Light machine gun 5.45×39mm M74  Soviet Union 30 or 45-round magazine.
PM M1910/30[1] Medium machine gun 7.62×54mmR  Russian Empire
 Soviet Union		 Belt fed with 250-round cloth belts. Seen twice in 2014, at least one was non-operational.[1]
PK / PKM[1] General-purpose machine gun 7.62×54mmR  Soviet Union Belt fed with 100, 200 or 250-round boxes. In Ukraine, the PKM is produced under the name KM-7.62.
Zastava M53[7] General-purpose machine gun 7.92×57mm  Yugoslavia Captured from Ukrainian forces in spring 2014.[7]
DShK[1] Heavy machine gun 12.7×108mm  Soviet Union Belt fed with 50-round boxes.
KPV / KPVT[1] Heavy machine gun 14.5×114mm  Soviet Union Belt fed with 40 or 50-round boxes.
NSV / NSVT[1] Heavy machine gun 12.7×108mm  Soviet Union Belt fed with 50-round boxes. In Ukraine, the NSV is produced under the name KM-12.7 or KT-12.7.
PKP Pecheneg[1] General-purpose machine gun 7.62×54mmR  Russia PKP is not known to be in service with Ukrainian forces, and has only been exported outside of Russia in limited quantities.[1]

Explosives/armor-piercing weapons

Grenades and grenade launchers

Name Type Diameter Origin Photo Notes
RG-41[1] Fragmentation grenade 55mm  Soviet Union
5-meter kill radius. Limited usage.
RG-42 Fragmentation grenade 54mm  Soviet Union At least one was documented in Hrytsenkove in 2019.[2]
F-1[1] Fragmentation grenade 55mm  Soviet Union Reported to be bombarded on government forces using multirotor unmanned aerial vehicles by pro-Russian separatists.[8]
RGD-5[1] Fragmentation grenade 58mm  Soviet Union Propels ~350 fragments, 5-meter kill radius, 3.2–4-second fuse.
RGN[1] Fragmentation grenade 60mm  Soviet Union 4–10-meter kill radius, 3.2–4.2-second fuse.
GP-25[1] Under-barrel grenade launcher 40mm  Soviet Union Can be fitted to AK type rifles.
AGS-17[1][9] Automatic grenade launcher 30mm  Soviet Union Belt fed with 29-round drums, high rate of fire.

Mines

Name Type Detonation Origin Photo Notes
MON-50[7] Anti-personnel mine Tripwire/Command  Soviet Union Propels ~485/540 steel projectiles to a kill radius of 50 meters.
MON-90[7] Anti-personnel mine Tripwire/Command  Soviet Union Propels ~2000 steel projectiles to a kill radius of 90 meters.
OZM-72[7] Anti-personnel bounding mine Tripwire/Command  Soviet Union ~500g TNT, propels ~2400 steel projectiles.
MON-100[7] Anti-personnel mine Pressure  Soviet Union Propels ~400 steel projectiles to a kill radius of 100 meters.
PMN[7] Anti-personnel mine Pressure  Soviet Union 240g TNT
PMN-4[7] Anti-personnel mine Pressure  Soviet Union 50g TG-40 (RDX/TNT)
TM-62M[1] Anti-tank mine Pressure  Soviet Union 7.5 kg TNT.

Anti-tank

Name Type Diameter Origin Photo Notes
RPG-7[1] Rocket-propelled grenade Warhead diameter varies  Soviet Union Reloadable launcher.
RPG-18[1] Rocket-propelled grenade 64mm  Soviet Union Some of these launchers captured from the separatists were evidently brought from Russia.[1]
RPG-22[1] Rocket-propelled grenade 72.5mm  Soviet Union Single-shot disposable launcher.
RPG-26[1] Rocket-propelled grenade 72.5mm  Soviet Union Single-shot disposable launcher.
SPG-9[1] Recoilless rifle 73mm  Soviet Union Single-shot reloadable launcher.
9K111 Fagot[1] Anti-tank missile 120mm  Soviet Union Wire-guided anti-tank missile system.
9M113 Konkurs[7] Anti-tank missile 135mm  Soviet Union Wire-guided anti-tank missile system.
9K115 Metis[1] Anti-tank missile 94mm  Soviet Union Wire-guided anti-tank missile system.
9K114 Shturm[1] Anti-tank missile 130mm  Soviet Union Wire-guided anti-tank missile system.
9M133 Kornet[1] Anti-tank missile 152mm  Russia The system components were found discarded on a battlefield near Starobesheve.[1] It has not been exported to Ukraine.[1][10]

Flamethrowers

Name Type Diameter Origin Photo Notes
RPO-A Shmel[1] Rocket-propelled flamethrower 93mm  Soviet Union Some of the launchers captured from the separatists were evidently produced in Russia in 2000s.[1]
MRO-A[11] Rocket-propelled flamethrower 72.5mm  Russia It is not known to have been exported outside of Russia.[1]

Vehicles

The ongoing war makes the list below include tentative estimates.

Tanks

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
T-34-85 Medium tank 1+  Soviet Union A number of T-34s were reactivated by the separatist forces from war memorials.[1][7]
T-54 Medium tank 1+  Soviet Union Taken from Donetsk historical museum on 7 July 2014.[12]
T-62M/BV Main battle tank N/A  Soviet Union Assigned to reservist units during 2022.[13]
T-64A/B/BM/BV Main battle tank 400 (DPR claim)[14][a]  Soviet Union
 Ukraine		 Some were reportedly supplied from Russia.[15][16]

T-64BM serviceability doubtful.[17]

T-72B/B3/BA/B mod. 1989[1] Main battle tank 300 (DPR claim)[14][a]  Soviet Union
 Russia		 Three seen in Sverdlovsk.[18][19] Six seen in 2015.[20] Over 34 claimed supplied by Russia.[21] T72BM not exported from Russia.[15][18] One seen in convoy in Sverdlovsk.[18][6][10][22]
T-80/BV Main battle tank 57 (DPR claim)[14][a]  Soviet Union

At least six T-80 tanks were spotted by the OSCE in January 2015 near Donetsk.[23]

T-90 Main battle tank 3  Russia In 2018 the DPR claimed to have 3 T-90 tanks in service.[14][a]

Infantry fighting vehicles

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
BMP-1 / BMP-1P / BMP-1KSh[1] Infantry fighting vehicle 1+  Soviet Union
BMP-2[1] Infantry fighting vehicle 1+  Soviet Union
BMD-1[1] Airborne infantry fighting vehicle 1  Soviet Union
BMD-2[1] Airborne infantry fighting vehicle 1+  Soviet Union
BTR-4[1] Infantry fighting vehicle 1+  Ukraine

Armoured personnel carriers

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
BTR-60PB[1] Armoured personnel carrier 1+  Soviet Union
BTR-70[1] Armoured personnel carrier 1+  Soviet Union
BTR-80[1] Armoured personnel carrier 1+  Soviet Union Some were reportedly supplied from Russia.[24]
BTR-D[17] Armoured personnel carrier 1[25]  Soviet Union
MT-LB Armoured personnel carrier 1+  Soviet Union Some were reportedly supplied from Russia.[1]
9K114 Shturm Armoured personnel carrier 1[26]  Soviet Union
GT-MU[17] Armoured personnel carrier 1[27]  Soviet Union
MT-LBVM[1] Armoured personnel carrier 1+  Soviet Union /
 Russia[1]		 At least one destroyed near Ilovaisk.[6]
MT-LBVMK[1] Armoured personnel carrier 1+  Soviet Union
 Russia[1]		 At least one destroyed in Ukraine in September 2014.[6]
MT-LB 6MA[1] Armoured personnel carrier 1+  Soviet Union
 Russia[1]		 At least one destroyed near Ilovaisk.[6]
BTR-82AM[1] Armoured personnel carrier[1] 1+  Soviet Union
 Russia		 BTR-82A It was only adopted in Russia in early 2013. It is not known to have been exported to any other country.[1][6] Seen on videos filmed by the separatists.[6] Also seen destroyed in Novosvitlivka.[28][unreliable source?]

Armored scout vehicles

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
BRM-1K[1] Combat reconnaissance vehicle 1+  Soviet Union
BRDM-2[1] Amphibious armoured scout car 1+  Soviet Union [17]

Armoured recovery vehicles

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
BREM-1[1] Armoured recovery vehicle 1+  Soviet Union
IMR-2[1] Armoured recovery vehicle 1+  Soviet Union
BTS-4[1] Armoured recovery vehicle 1+  Soviet Union
 Ukraine

Minelayers

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
GMZ-3[6] Minelayer 1  Soviet Union

Trenchers

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
MDK-3[6] Trencher 1+  Soviet Union One captured from Ukrainian forces.[6]
TKM-2 [uk] Trencher 1+  Soviet Union At least one was spotted by the OSCE in January 2018.[29]

Light armored vehicles

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
UAZ-23632-148 Esaul Armoured utility vehicle 15+  Russia Photographed by OSCE monitors using a drone at a training area in April 2021.[30][31]
Vodnik Infantry mobility vehicle 1+  Russia Seen in Krasnodon.[32][33][unreliable source?]
BPM-97[34] / Dozor / Dozor-N / Vystrel Light armored vehicle 10+  Russia Four seen in the late December Luhansk People's Republic military exercises.[35][unreliable source?] 10 vehicles seen in Krasnodon,[32][unreliable source?] several seen in Luhansk.[36][37][unreliable source?]
Humvee High-mobility multipurpose vehicle 1-2+  United States Captured in Debaltsevo after being abandoned by Ukrainian forces.[38]

Logistics and utility vehicles

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
UAZ-452 Off-road van 2+  Soviet Union One seen in 2014.[39] At least one ambulance vehicle was spotted in 2015 by the OSCE.[40]
UAZ-469 Light utility vehicle 2+  Soviet Union Two seen north of Sloviansk.[41][unreliable source?]
Ural-4320 Medium cargo truck 17+  Soviet Union At least 17 Ural-4320 seen towing 155mm Msta-B howitzers in November 2014.[39]
Kamaz-4310 Medium cargo truck 80+[42][failed verification]  Soviet Union At least five Kamaz-4310 were spotted by the OSCE in 2018.[43]
Kamaz-5350 [de] Heavy cargo truck 1+  Russia Seen towing 122mm D-30 howitzers in 2014.[39] At least one spotted by the OSCE in 2019.[44]
GAZ-66 4x4 off-road military truck 10+  Soviet Union Observed by the OSCE, mostly used as radio relaying stations.[45][29]
ZIL-131 Medium cargo truck 20+  Soviet Union At least 20 were spotted by the OSCE in November 2017.[46]
PTS-2[1] Amphibious transporter 1+  Soviet Union

Artillery

Mortars

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
82-BM-37[1] 82mm infantry mortar N/A  Soviet Union At least two reported captured from separatist forces by Ukrainian Forces.[47]
120-PM-43 mortar[1] 120-mm infantry mortar N/A  Soviet Union
2S12 Sani[47] 120mm heavy mortar N/A  Soviet Union At least two reported captured from separatist forces by Ukrainian Forces.[47]
2B14 Podnos[7] 82mm infantry mortar N/A  Soviet Union Captured from Ukrainian forces.
2B9 Vasilek[7] 82mm automatic mortar N/A  Soviet Union 4-mortar shell cassette.

Field artillery

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
BS-3[1] 100mm anti-tank gun 1+  Soviet Union
D-1 152mm howitzer 1  Soviet Union Reportedly used by 132nd Motor Rifle Brigade (DNR).[48]
D-20 152mm howitzer 2  Soviet Union Observed by OSCE.[49]
MT-12 Rapira[1] 100mm anti-tank gun 12+[49]  Soviet Union Observed by OSCE.[49]
D-30[1][50] "Lyagushka" 122mm towed howitzer 35+[51][52]  Soviet Union Observed by OSCE.[49]
2A36 Giatsint-B 152mm howitzer 2+  Soviet Union Use documented in videos.[citation needed]
2B16 Nona-K[1] 120mm anti-tank gun 1+  Soviet Union Ukraine reportedly had only two of these before the war.[53]
2A65 Msta-B[1] 152mm howitzer 6+[49]  Soviet Union Observed by OSCE.[49]

Self-propelled field artillery

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
2S1 Gvozdika[1] 122mm self-propelled howitzer 15+[49]  Soviet Union Observed by OSCE.[49]
2S3 Akatsiya[1] 152.4mm self-propelled artillery 7+[49]  Soviet Union Observed by OSCE.[49]
2S5 Giatsint-S[1] 152mm self-propelled field gun 1+  Soviet Union
2S7 Pion 203 mm self-propelled artillery 2+  Soviet Union Two seen in Makiivka.[54][55]
2S9 Nona-S[1] 120mm self-propelled mortar 1+  Soviet Union
2S19 Msta-S[1] 152mm self-propelled howitzer 3+  Soviet Union Serviceability doubtful.[17]
One is suspected to come from Russia.[37][unreliable source?]
2S4 Tyulpan 240mm self-propelled mortar 1+  Soviet Union 2S4 Tyulpan in deployed position One mortar was observed by OSCE in 2015.[56]

Rocket artillery

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
Cheburashka[57] Multiple rocket launcher N/A Donetsk People's Republic Donetsk People's Republic First unveiled at 2018 victory parade.

Doubts where raised about their local production.[58]

Snezhinka[57] 220mm Multiple rocket launcher N/A Donetsk People's Republic Donetsk People's Republic First unveiled at 2018 victory parade. Doubts where raised about their local production[58]
BM-21 Grad (9K51)[1][59] 122mm multiple rocket launcher 69  Soviet Union In 2018 the DPR allegedly had 69 Grads in service.[14][a]
BM-27 Uragan 220mm multiple rocket launcher 10 (DPR claim)[14][a]  Soviet Union Two seen in Khartsyzk in February 2015.[60]
BM-30 Smerch 300mm multiple rocket launcher 5 (DPR claim)[14][a]  Soviet Union At least two seen in Makiivka in February 2015.[61][62]
Grad-P 122mm light portable rocket system N/A  Soviet Union Several seen in several Luhansk region areas.[63]
Grad-K[34] ("Grad" on KamAZ-5350 chassis) 122mm multiple rocket launcher N/A  Russia The 2B26 machine is a Russian modification of the original BM-21 launcher. It was first produced in 2011.[64][unreliable source?] It is seen on a video with separatists firing Grads in January 2015.[34][65][unreliable source?][66]
TOS-1 Buratino 220mm multiple rocket launcher and thermobaric weapon 6 (DPR claim)[14][b]  Russia Observed in a training area in LPR-controlled Kruhlyk.[67]

Air Defences

Towed anti-aircraft gun

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
ZU-23-2[1] 23mm anti-aircraft gun N/A  Soviet Union Some are mounted on trucks and MT-LBs.[18]
ZPU-2[17] 14.5mm anti-aircraft gun N/A  Soviet Union
S-60[17] 57mm anti-aircraft gun N/A  Soviet Union

Air defense vehicles

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
9K33 Osa[1] 6x6 amphibious surface-to-air missile system 1+  Soviet Union One claimed to be captured from Ukrainian forces in the "southern cauldron".[1][68][unreliable source?]
9K35 Strela-10[1][59] Short range surface-to-air missile 3+  Soviet Union One from the Vostok Battalion was seen near the Donetsk Airport in July 2014 nicknamed "Лягушонок" (frogling).[1][69][unreliable source?] One seen in a Sverdlovsk convoy.[18] Another one spotted by OSCE SMM in 2021 nearl Luhansk.[70]
9K331M Tor-M2 Short range surface-to-air missile 1+  Soviet Union
 Russia		 [17]
2K22 Tunguska Short range self-propelled anti-aircraft gun and surface-to-air missile 1+  Soviet Union [17]
Pantsir-S1 Medium range surface-to-air missile 1+  Russia It is not known to have been exported to Ukraine.
Seen in Luhansk and Makiivka in early 2015.[34][71][72][73][unreliable source?] Its used rocket components were also reported to be observed in Ukraine in November 2014.[1]

Man-portable air-defense systems

Name Type Max. altitude Origin Photo Notes
9K32 Strela-2[1] Man-portable air-defense system 1500m  Soviet Union Some Ukrainian stocks of Strela-2s went missing early in the conflict, and are presumably under separatist control.[1]
9K38 Igla[1] Man-portable air-defense system 3500m  Soviet Union Supplied by Russia (Ukrainian claim).[1][74][75] Captured from Ukrainian armouries (DPR claim).[76] The system has identification friend or foe system which undermines DPR claims.[77][unreliable source?]
PPZR Grom[1] Man-portable air-defense system 3500m  Poland This Polish weapon was reportedly captured from pro-Russian separatists. It was fitted with a Russian-made 9P516 gripstock, designed for the 9K38 Igla. Russian forces are known to have captured some of these from Georgia.[1]

Electronic warfare

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
R-330Zh Zhitel Anti-cellular and satellite communications jamming station 1+  Russia One station spotted by an unmanned aerial vehicle of the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission near Michurine in August 2015 and 11 km south of Donetsk city in June 2016.[78][79]
RB-341V Leer-3 Anti-GSM reconnaissance and jamming station, with Orlan-10 drones 1+  Russia Spotted by the OSCE SMM near Chornukhyne, 64 km SW of Luhansk on 28 July 2018.[80] Observed by OSCE in 2020.[81]
R-934B Sinitsa Jamming station 1+  Russia Observed by OSCE in 2020.[81]
RB-636 Svet-KU Radio control and information protection system 1+  Russia Observed by OSCE in 2020.[81]
1L269 Krasukha-2 Anti-air jamming station 1+  Russia Spotted by the OSCE SMM near Chornukhyne, 64 km SW of Luhansk on 28 July 2018.[80]
RB-109A Bylina Brigade-level electronic warfare automated control system 1+  Russia Spotted by the OSCE SMM near Chornukhyne, 64 km SW of Luhansk on 28 July 2018.[80]
Repellent-1 Anti-drone electronic warfare system 1+  Russia Spotted by the OSCE SMM near Chornukhyne, 64 km SW of Luhansk on 28 July 2018.[80]
51U6 Kasta-2E1 C-band ultra-high frequency (300 MHz-1 GHz) 2D target acquisition radar designed to acquire the range and heading of small targets flying at low altitudes. Installed on KamAZ-43114 6×6 off-road chassis. 1  Russia Observed at a training area near Buhaivka, 37 km southwest of Luhansk by OSCE SMM drone.[70]
P-19 "Danube" High mobility radar and with the antenna mounted on the single truck 1  Soviet Union Spotted by the OSCE SMM near Verbova Balka, 28 km south-east of Donetsk on 18 February 2020.[82]

Aircraft

Combat jets

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
Aero L-29 Delfín[83] Military trainer aircraft/Light attack aircraft 2+  Czechoslovak Socialist Republic At least one plane retrofited from Lugansk museum.[84][85] On 19 January 2015, a LPR militia video showed a Georgian volunteer test driving an operational L-29 on a runway.[86] In 2018, one L-29 was displayed in Donetsk on Victory Day.

Unmanned aerial vehicles

Name Quantity Origin Photo Notes
Eleron-3SV[87][88][89][90][91] N/A  Russia
Forpost (IAI Searcher)[88] N/A  Israel
 Russia		 Five unmanned aerial vehicles shot down by Ukrainian forces.[92][93][94]
Granat-1[95] N/A  Russia
Granat-2[88] N/A  Russia
Granat-4[96] N/A  Russia
Navodchik-2[97] N/A  Russia Ground control station
Orlan-10[1][88] 6+  Russia Four shot down by Ukrainian forces in 2014[1][98][unreliable source?] and one in 2016.
Another one crashed on Ukrainian territory in 2017.[99][unreliable source?] On 13 May 2017 the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission saw a Orlan-10 flying over the road from Makiivka (12 km north-east of Donetsk) to Donetsk city.[100]
Takhion[101] N/A  Russia
Zala 421-04M[102] N/A  Russia
Zastava (IAI Bird-Eye 400)[103][88][104] N/A  Israel
 Russia
Unknown unmanned aerial vehicle number 2166[88] N/A  Russia
Unknown unmanned aerial vehicle number 2207[88] N/A  Russia
Non-military unmanned aerial vehicle N/A Quadcopters, fixed-wing drones.[88] One used by the rebels during the Second Battle of Donetsk Airport.[1]

Ships

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
Motorboat 25[105] Used by 9th Regiment of the Marine Corps in Sea of Azov.[105]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Galeotti points out that: "On paper this is a truly formidable force,(...) but shortages of trained crews and maintenance problems mean that in practice the field force has only a fraction of that strength." (Galeotti 2019, p. 27)
  2. ^ As of the time of writing, they weren't deployed in battle, with their use tightly controlled by the Russian government. (Galeotti 2019, p. 27) As Galeotti puts it: "While the Russians may have provided some to the DNR forces, by all accounts they maintain close control over their use, even withholding the rockets until they are willing to see them deployed." (Galeotti 2019, p. 35)

Bibliography

  • Galeotti, Mark (27 June 2019). Armies of Russia's War in Ukraine. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4728-3345-7. Retrieved 30 July 2023.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de Ferguson, Jonathan; Jenzen-Jones, N.R. (2014). "Raising Red Flags: An Examination of Arms & Munitions in the Ongoing Conflict in Ukraine. (Research Report No. 3)" (PDF). ARES. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
  2. ^ a b Weapons of the War in Ukraine (PDF) (Report). London: Conflict Armament Research. 2021. pp. 26, 102.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Bender, Jeremy. "Here Are All The Russian Weapons Separatists Are Using In Ukraine". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 20 September 2022.
  4. ^ "Ukrainian Killed And Pro-Russian Fighters Injured In Clashes Over Police HQ". The Huffington Post UK. 13 April 2014. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
  5. ^ Galeotti 2019, p. 20.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Ferguson, Jonathan; Jenzen-Jones, N.R. (2014). "Raising Red Flags: An Examination of Arms & Munitions in the Ongoing Conflict in Ukraine. (Research Report No. 3) – Annexes" (PDF). ARES. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Plokšto, Artur; Demeško, Andriej (30 June 2017). Armaments used in the Ukrainian conflict 2014–2015 (PDF). Security and Defence Quarterly. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
  8. ^ Посылка для вашего мальчика: Ополченцы приноровились сбрасывать гранаты с беспилотников (видео) [A parcel for your boy: Insurgents figured to drop grenades from UAVs (video)]. Русская весна (in Russian). 15 August 2014. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
  9. ^ Motorola's appeal to Russians. 8 October 2014. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
  10. ^ a b Tsvetkova Maria and Vasovic Aleksandar (23 October 2014). "Exclusive: Charred tanks in Ukraine point to Russian involvement". Reuters. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  11. ^ "Russian MRO-A Rocket Launchers in Ukraine". Armament Research Services (ARES). 1 June 2014. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
  12. ^ Richard Balmforth, Maria Tsvetkova (7 July 2014). "Ukraine threatens rebels with 'nasty surprise' in new push". Reuters. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
  13. ^ "Советский средний и основной боевой танк первого поколения Т-62М в зоне СВО. На службе резервистов НМ ДНР". 14 June 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h Galeotti 2019, p. 27.
  15. ^ a b "Pro-Russian separatist tank variant supports Russian source". International Institute for Strategic Studies. Archived from the original on 18 October 2014. Retrieved 18 October 2014.
  16. ^ Marcus, Jonathan (14 June 2014). "Russia and Ukraine's mystery tanks". BBC News. Retrieved 1 March 2015.
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h i International Institute for Strategic Studies (2022). The Military Balance 2022. Abingdon, Oxon. p. 215. ISBN 978-1032279008.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  18. ^ a b c d e Jonathan Marcus (27 August 2014). "Ukraine crisis: T-72 tank shoots hole in Russian denial". BBC News. Retrieved 30 August 2014.
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