The university was initially based in St Leonard's Gate in the city centre, before starting a move in 1967 to a purpose-built campus located on 300 acres (120 ha) at Bailrigg, 4 km (2.5 miles) to the south of the city.[5] The campus buildings are arranged around a central walkway known as the Spine, which is connected to a central plaza, named Alexandra Square in honour of its first chancellor, Princess Alexandra.
Lancaster is a residential collegiate university; the colleges are weakly autonomous. The eight undergraduate colleges are named after places in the historic county of Lancashire, and each has its own campus residence blocks, common rooms, administrative staff and bars.
Lancaster has ranked in the top fifteen in all three UK national league tables for the past 10 years, and received a Gold rating in the Government's 2017 and 2023 Teaching Excellence Framework.[6][7] The annual income of the institution for 2023/24 was £401.7 million of which £48.5 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £290.7 million.[1]
Between 1958 and 1961 seven new plate glass universities[9] were announced, including Lancaster. The choice of Lancaster as the site of the fourth new university was announced on 23 November 1961.[10]
Founding chancellor Princess Alexandra, who served from 1964 to 2004, was one of the longest-serving university chancellors in the UK.
The university was established by royal charter in 1964. The charter stipulated that Princess Alexandra of Kent be the first chancellor. She was inaugurated in 1964.[11] The ceremony also saw the granting of various honorary degrees to dignitaries including the Prime Minister, Harold Wilson.
Princess Alexandra retired as chancellor in 2004 and was at that time the longest serving chancellor of any British university. On her departure, she gave approval for the Chancellor's Medal to be awarded for academic merit to the highest-performing undergraduates and postgraduates. Each year presentations are made to up to five graduates of taught masters' courses and up to six to the highest-performing undergraduates.
The university accepted its first students in October 1964 and there were initially 13 professors, 32 additional members of teaching and research staff, 8 library staff and 14 administrators on academic grades. The motto, "patet omnibus veritas", ("Truth lies open to all"), was adopted. The first science students were admitted in 1965.
The university was temporarily based in the city. A lecture theatre and the university's first Junior Common Room were in Centenary Church, a former Congregational church beside the old factory premises of Waring & Gillow, which were used to accommodate the new students. Many new students were housed in the nearby town of Morecambe. The Grand Theatre was leased as a main lecture room and 112 and 114 in the St Leonard's Gate area became teaching and recreational rooms. The library occupied the old workshops of Shrigley and Hunt on Castle Hill.
Bowland and Lonsdale colleges were founded as the university's first two colleges, and all staff and students were allocated to one of the two, although the first college buildings would not be completed until 1966. The first students moved into residence and set up the first JCRs in October 1968.[12]
The university moved from the city to the new campus at Bailrigg between 1966 and 1970.[13]
In 2014, Lancaster University celebrated its 50th anniversary with a series of events throughout the year, involving alumni, staff, students and local community members.[14]
In 2024, the Students' Union Assembly voted to lobby the University to transition the catering to 50% vegan by 2025 and 100% vegan by 2027 without major student consultation.The vote was supported by the student chapter of Plant-Based Universities.[15]
Campus
Locations of various Lancaster University and LUSU owned and affiliated buildings and facilities in Lancaster
Bailrigg
Alexandra Square with Bowland Tower (pictured in 2009)
The purpose-built campus occupies Bailrigg, a 360-acre (0.563 sq mi; 1.457 km2) site[17] donated by Lancaster City Council in 1963.[18] The campus buildings are located on a hilltop, the lower slopes of which are landscaped parkland which includes Lake Carter duck pond and the university sports fields. The lake was created in the early 1900s and was later named Lake Carter after Charles Carter, the first Vice Chancellor of the university.[5] The site is three miles (5 km) south of the city centre. Construction of the Bailrigg campus began in November 1965, with the first building completed a year later. The first on-campus student residences opened in 1968.[18]
Unlike some other campus universities, Bailrigg was designed to integrate social, residential and teaching areas. Another major feature of the design is that there is no large central Students' Union building, instead individual college facilities are used as the centre for social and recreational activities .[19]
Vehicular and pedestrian traffic is separated: this is achieved by restricting motor vehicles to a peripheral road with a linking underpass running east–west beneath Alexandra Square. The underpass accommodates the Bailrigg bus station and was refurbished in autumn 2010. Car parking is arranged in cul-de-sacs running off the peripheral road.
The campus buildings are arranged around a central walkway known as "The Spine".[20] The walkway runs from north (County College) to south-west (Graduate College) and is covered for most of its length. The main architect was Gabriel Epstein of Shepheard and Epstein.[18] Architect Peter Shepheard recalls:
"We went up there on a windy day, and it was freezing cold. Every time we opened a plan it blew away. And we said Christ! What are we going to do with these students, where are they going to sit in the sun and all that? Well, we decided, it's got to be cloisters. All of the buildings have got to touch at the ground. We then devised this system and it had an absolutely firm principle: it had a great spine down the middle where everybody walked. That led everywhere. The cars were on the outside, on both sides. When you came into the spaces things were square, they were rectangular courtyards and they were all slightly different. There were two or three essentials: one was that the covered way had to be continuous, the buildings had to be three or four storeys high and connecting to the next one. I thought it worked very well."[21]
Between 2016 and 2018 the Spine was extensively remodelled in a project known as "Design The Spine", with the aim of replacing the decaying wooden canopy, widening bottlenecks, and creating new landscaped green spaces.[22][23]
Alexandra Square is the university's main plaza. Named after the first chancellor, Princess Alexandra and is situated at the centre of the original campus. On the west side of the square is University House as well as various banks and shops. To the south-east of the square is the tallest building on campus: the fourteen-storey Bowland Tower, which contains accommodation and disguises the boiler room chimney.
One of the most distinctive of the Bailrigg buildings is the free-standing University Chaplaincy Centre. Opened on 2 May 1969, the architects were the Preston-based firm Cassidy & Ashton. The building has a trefoil plan with a central spire where the three circles meet. The university's former logo is based on the spire.
A plan existed to have a twin campus with another eight colleges to the east of the M6 motorway at Hazelrigg. This would have been linked to Bailrigg by a flyover. The plan was abandoned in the 1970s during a period of financial difficulties.
Library
In the south-west corner sits the library designed in 1964 by Tom Mellor and Partners, the first phase opening in September 1966, the second in July 1968 and the third in January 1971.[24] The library was extended in 1997 and underwent a phased refurbishment in 2014, which was completed in 2016. In 2021 the Library Extension Project[25] was completed, which introduced additional student study space and 'living walls', exhibition and research space, a 'safepod'[26] and digital studio.
A distinctive feature of the library is the large tree that grows in the centre of the ground floor study area.
The university began expansion onto the lower slopes of Bailrigg with the development of new buildings for Graduate College in 1998, which is now part of South-West Campus. Development continued with the construction of InfoLab21 and Alexandra Park which now houses Lonsdale College, Cartmel College and the en-suite rooms of Pendle College. The development of InfoLab21 met objections, with the proposed building being described as a 'Dalek factory'.[27]
Cartmel College is built around Barker House Farm, a listed 17th-century farmhouse and outbuildings that form the centre of the college.[28]
Health Innovation Centre
Health Innovation Campus at Lancaster University under construction in October 2019
The university is building a 'Health Innovation Campus' adjacent to the existing campus. The campus will create 2,000 jobs and boost the local economy by around £100 million.[29] The £29.7 million contract for construction of the first building was awarded to BAM Construction in October 2017; construction began in December 2017 and was completed in summer 2020.[30][31] The building is 80,000 square feet and required the construction of an access road with a junction to the A6.[32][33][34][35]
Services
The Bailrigg campus hosts a range of shops and services. Services on campus include Bailrigg post office, a health centre, a pharmacy, hairdressers, Lancaster University Homes office as well as many others.
Cultural venues
Outside the Jack Hylton music rooms
At the north end of campus, the university's Great Hall Complex comprises three venues open to both students and the public; the Peter Scott Gallery, the Nuffield Theatre and the Lancaster International Concert Series. In 2009, these three organisations were combined as one department by the university – initially termed 'The Public Arts' but later renamed 'Live at LICA' – with Matt Fenton overseeing this unification.[36] In August 2015 Live at LICA was rebranded to 'Lancaster Arts at Lancaster University' to avoid confusion with the department of LICA, then director Jamie Eastman stated that; "This new name and logo communicates who we are, where we are and what we're offering."[37]
Lancaster International Concert Series is the main provider of classical music in north Lancashire and Cumbria. Concerts are held within the Great Hall. Between October and March each year the series offers a varied diet of music which includes: orchestral concerts, chamber music, events for young people, jazz, family concerts and world music.
The Nuffield Theatre, a black box theatre, is one of the largest and most adaptable professional studio theatres in Europe. It presents public performances in the fields of theatre, contemporary dance and live art from some of the best-known and respected companies from the UK and abroad. The focus of the work is new and experimental practice, a focus it shares with many of the teaching and research interest of Lancaster Institute for the Contemporary Arts (LICA). The Nuffield presents up to 30 visiting professional shows a year, plus public performances by students from Theatre Studies, and the university's student theatre and dance societies and a range of local community organisations.
The Ruskin - Library, Museum and Research Centre houses archive material related to the poet, author and artist John Ruskin. It is open to the public, although only a small part of the collection is on public display at once. The building was constructed in 1997 by architect Sir Richard MacCormac CBE PPRIBA RA FRSA (1938–2014). The Ruskin Whitehouse Collection housed in The Ruskin is the largest holding of books, manuscripts, photographs, drawings and watercolours by and related to John Ruskin in the world.
Conference centre
In 2016 the university purchased the 165-acre Forrest Hills conference centre and golf course, located on the M6 opposite the main campus, which it continues to operate as a conference venue.[38][39]
The university has nine colleges. Formerly, these were quasi-autonomous bodies providing for accommodation, welfare, social-life and student discipline, but are currently centrally controlled. All members of the university are members of a college,[41] although in recent years academic staff have had decreasing involvement.[citation needed] Most colleges have about eight or nine hundred members and all on-campus accommodation is linked to a college, with blocks or individual flats being linked to one college or another each year according to demand.[41] The colleges were governed by a syndicate, including a principal (originally a senior academic but nowadays more usually a middle-ranking administrator or IT professional), a Dean and assistant deans (responsible for student discipline), together with a senior advisor, heading a team of College Advisors. These were previously known as Senior Tutor and College Tutors, but the titles were changed in 2011 to Advisor to avoid possible confusion with "Academic Advisors" in students' academic departments. Collectively, the colleges are run by their individual SCR (Senior Common Room) and JCR (Junior Common Room), the latter being made up of student members of the college.
Prior to the founding of the ninth college, Graduate College, in 1992, the eight colleges housed both undergraduate and postgraduate students. Today all postgraduate students are members of the Graduate College, which was founded to specifically address the needs of postgraduates and provide year-round provision for courses with different term dates.[42] Students on integrated master's degrees however are still considered undergraduates and therefore remain in their original colleges.[43]
The college buildings accommodate a number of academic departments, but are primarily social and accommodation facilities, each with its own bar, which forms part of the university's Commercial Services and is open when profitable.
Academic departments
Postgraduate Statistics Centre
The university is divided into four faculties.[46] Each faculty is led by a Dean, and each academic department by a Head of department.[47]
Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences
Department of Educational Research
Department of English Literature and Creative Writing
Centre for Education, Training and Development (CETAD)
Department of Economics
Department of Entrepreneurship, Strategy and Innovation
Department of Leadership and Management
Department of Management Science
Department of Marketing
Department of Organisation, Work and Technology
The various administrative and technical departments that exist outside of the four faculties are collectively known as Professional Services, and include Facilities, Admissions, and the Library.[48]
Governance
University House is home to most of the university's administrative departments
The university is governed by two main statutory bodies: the Council and the Senate.
The council, chaired by the Pro-Chancellor, is the governing body, consisting of mainly lay members along with representatives of staff and students. It is responsible for the proper management and financial solvency of the university, with major policy decisions and corporate strategy being subject to its approval. The majority of Council members are "lay members"; neither staff nor students of the university.[49]
The Senate of the university, chaired by the Vice-Chancellor, is the principal academic authority. It oversees academic management and sets strategy and priorities, including the curriculum and maintenance of standards. Membership of the Senate consists mainly of the Faculty deans, heads of academic departments, and college principals.[49]
Formerly, a body called the University Court provided a public forum where persons from within and outside Lancaster University could raise any matters regarding the university. A majority of the members of the Court represented the local community and other designated bodies with an interest in the work of the university.[49] The final meeting of the Court took place in January 2018, with the university currently planning to replace it with an "Annual Public Meeting".[50][51]
Visitor
The Visitor of the university was Queen Elizabeth II. The visitor is the final arbiter of any dispute within the university, except in those areas where legislation has removed this to the law courts or other ombudsmen. Student complaints and appeals were heard by the visitor until the Higher Education Act 2004 came into force.[52] All student complaints are now heard by the Office of the Independent Adjudicator for Higher Education.
The Vice-Chancellor is the chief academic and executive officer of the university. The Vice-Chancellor is supported by the Deputy Vice-Chancellor, three Pro Vice-Chancellors, and the Provost for Student Experience, Colleges and the Library.[56]Andrew John Schofield was appointed Vice-Chancellor in November 2019,[57] after the resignation of Mark Smith in September 2019. Andy took up the post of Vice-Chancellor on 1 May 2020,[58] with Steve Bradley holding the position of Interim Vice-Chancellor during the interim period.
In the financial year ending 31 July 2024, Lancaster had a total income of £401.7 million (2022/23 – £381 million) and total expenditure of £290.7 million (2022/23 – £345 million).[1] Key sources of income included £206.8 million from tuition fees and education contracts (2022/23 – £199.3 million), £52.7 million from funding body grants (2022/23 – £50.5 million), £48.5 million from research grants and contracts (2022/23 – £46.4 million), £7.7 million from investment income (2022/23 – £4.5 million) and £0.8 million from donations and endowments (2022/23 – £4 million).[1]
At year end, Lancaster had endowments of £18.9 million (2022/23 – £18.4 million) and total net assets of £493.6 million (2022/23 – £386.6 million).[1]
In terms of average UCAS points of entrants, Lancaster ranked joint 25th in Britain in 2014.[66] The average entry standard at Lancaster is around 159 UCAS points (new tariff system), with almost all courses requiring at least AAA or AAB at A-level as of 2017.
According to the 2017 Times and Sunday Times Good University Guide, approximately 10% of Lancaster's undergraduates come from independent schools.[67] In the 2016–17 academic year, the university had a domicile breakdown of 66:10:23 of UK:EU:non-EU students respectively with a female to male ratio of 51:49.[68]
In The Sunday Times 10-year (1998–2007) average ranking of British universities based on consistent league table performance, Lancaster was ranked joint 19th overall in the UK.[75] As of recent years, the university has been placed within the top 10 by UK newspaper league tables and in the top 150 worldwide by the main global rankings (see information box for current rankings). It was also ranked the top university in the north-west of England for all ten years of recordings by The Complete University Guide.[76]
In 2014, its 50th year, Lancaster University was ranked 10th in the THE 100 Under 50, a list of the world's best universities under 50 years old.[77] It also appeared in the lists of QS 50 under 50 in all the years before 2014 when it was under 50 years old.[78]
Joint programmes
Lancaster University partnered with Sunway University, Malaysia to offer dual awards undergraduate program since 2006.[79]
Lancaster University entered into a dual degree program with the COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Lahore. It simultaneously offered two degrees, from CIIT and Lancaster University; graduates would be alumni of both universities. This was the first programme between a UK and a Pakistani university.[80] However, the dual nature of the programme proved problematic[81] and the relationship ended.
A partnership in a new university venture, University Academy 92 was announced in 2017 and began operation in 2019.[82][83] Lancaster now provides teaching in media, sport, business and psychology at a new campus in Trafford, Greater Manchester.[84] The project was set up by the 'class of 92' Manchester United soccer players Phil Neville, Nicky Butt, Ryan Giggs, Gary Neville and Paul Scholes. Lancaster wanted a base in Manchester. Subtext, Lancaster's in house critical newsletter, asked: "Why are we taking a 40% financial stake and a 100% reputational share of what is essentially a new university set up with a group of retired footballers?"[85] Local opinion on the project was also divided as reached the planning application stage.[86][87]
Programmes abroad
In October 2013, Lancaster University announced the opening of a branch campus in Accra, Ghana, to serve the population of Ghana and all of Africa, providing a British university-level education locally to those students.[88] The campus is operated in partnership with Transnational Academic Group Ghana Limited, and offers undergraduate and graduate programmes in management, business, Economics & international relations, Politics & International Relations, Accounting & Finance, Marketing, computer science, law and psychology along with an EMBA programme.[88]
In 2020, Lancaster opened a new branch campus in Germany, Lancaster University Leipzig.[89] The campus is operated in partnership with Navitas. Programmes offered in Leipzig are equivalent to their counterparts in Lancaster, and students receive their degree from Lancaster University upon graduation.[90]
Lancaster opened the Joint Institute for Environmental Research and Education (JIE) in Guangzhou, China in 2016, in partnership with the South China Agricultural University (SCAU).[91] A joint Environmental Science undergraduate degree began in September 2016 with students spending two years at each institution.
The Chinese Ministry of Education gave permission in April 2016 for Lancaster to establish Lancaster University College - Beijing Jiaotong University in Weihai, Shandong province.[92][93]
Research
Lancaster's research income for 2021-22 was £48.1 million.[94] In the 2014 Research Excellence Framework assessment, Lancaster was ranked 18th out of 128 UK universities, including 13th for the percentage of world-leading research. The university places a particular focus on interdisciplinary research, encouraging collaborative research across academic departments.[95][96]
In 2012, Lancaster University announced a partnership with the UK's biggest arms company, (BAE Systems), and four other North-Western universities (Liverpool, Salford, UCLAN and Manchester) in order to work on the Gamma Programme which aims to develop "autonomous systems". According to the University of Liverpool when referring to the programme, "autonomous systems are technology based solutions that replace humans in tasks that are mundane, dangerous and dirty, or detailed and precise, across sectors, including aerospace, nuclear, automotive and petrochemicals".[97]
Physics
Lancaster University's Physics Department is rated 46% for "world-leading" research with a further 50% rated "internationally excellent" research by REF2021.[98] There are five main research groups within the department: astrophysics, particle and accelerator physics, experimental condensed matter, and theory.[99] The Particle Physics Research Division collaborate with others at CERN, Fermilab, KEK, and SNOLAB.[100] Lancaster's research involvement with CERN consists of work with the Neutrino (NP03, NP04, NP07), CTF3, RE, LHC, SPS and R&D research programmes.[101][102]
LUSU-run convenience store, located near Pendle/Grizedale College
Lancaster University Students' Union (LUSU) is the representative body of students at the university. Unusually, there is no main union building. Instead, the union is organised through the eight college JCRs, each of which has its own social venues and meeting spaces. The union is, however, allocated an administration building by the university. SCAN (acronym for Student Comments And News) is the union's newspaper and was established in 1967. LUSU owns a dual-room, 1,100 capacity nightclub in Lancaster called The Sugarhouse (which survived an attempt to close it in 2019);[103] operates a shop on campus, LUSU Shop;[104] and also an off campus housing agency LUSU Living.
The Sugarhouse nightclub
LUSU also helps to support LUSU Involve, a volunteering unit allowing Lancaster University students to become involved with communities locally and internationally.
There are over 175 different societies operating within Lancaster University.[105] Common areas include sports, hobbies, politics, academic, culture and religion. There are several fairs during the Freshers period in which various clubs and societies promote themselves.
Chancellor's Wharf
Chancellor's Wharf accommodation, located off-campus
Chancellor's Wharf is off-campus student accommodation.[106] It consists of three buildings by the Lancaster canal on Aldcliffe Road. The location is near the city centre, opposite 'the Water Witch' pub[107] and the Royal Lancaster Infirmary. It is open to members of all of the university's colleges. Residents remain members of their various colleges, with Chancellor's Wharf itself being only a hall of residence.[106]
Sport
Every summer term the students take part in the Roses Tournament against the University of York, this is often described as the biggest varsity competition in Europe.[108] The venue of the event alternates annually between Lancaster and York. The competition takes its name from the 15th-century civil war, the War of the Roses, and is organised by the universities' respective student unions, LUSU and YUSU.
Lancaster University Athletics Club (LUAC) was formed in May 2011. The start of the 2011/12 academic year saw the first athletes join the club and by the end of the year receive awards for LUSU 'Society of the Year 2012' and were winners of the Lancaster Athletics Cup 2012. In the 2012/13 academic year the club was given the opportunity to compete in BUCS and Roses along with other sporting societies at Lancaster University.[109]
Lancaster University Swimming and Water Polo Club (LUSWP, formally known as LUST) competes in both BUCS and Roses in the sports swimming and water polo. The swimming team also competes in other charity galas, such as Quest for The Crest, held at Manchester Aquatics Centre. The BUCS swimming competitions include BUCS Short Course National Championships, BUCS Team Championships, and BUCS Long Course Championships, of which there has recently been attendance from Olympic swimmers such as James Guy and 50m & 100m World Champion Adam Peaty. In addition, the water polo team competes in the UPOLO league. LUSWP won the Lancaster University 'Club of the Year' in both academic years 2015/2016, and 2016/2017.
Intercollegiate sport
A number of intercollegiate sporting events exist within the university. Leagues exist in football, netball, pool, darts and dominoes. Pool, darts and dominoes collectively form an overall "bar sports" league known as the George Wyatt Cup.[110][111] The Carter Shield is contested between every college with bi-weekly matches open to all, and is intended as a light-hearted competition to promote lesser-known sports.[112][113]
There are also a number of annual sporting events between specific colleges:
Founders is contested every year between Bowland and Lonsdale, the two oldest colleges at the university. The competition was created in 2004 to ensure that the friendly rivalry between the two colleges would continue after Lonsdale's relocation meant they would no longer be neighbours.[114] The 2018 Founders series was officially cancelled after disagreements between the two colleges, but continued unofficially under the tongue-in-cheek name "Undergrounders".[115]
Legends was formerly contested between Grizedale, County, Pendle and Fylde colleges. Following Fylde and subsequently County's withdrawal in 2017, it was replaced by Titans (County/Fylde) and Warriors (Grizedale/Pendle).[116][117]
Patriots is contested between Furness and Cartmel Colleges.[118]
Arts, media and culture
Alongside sport, Lancaster University has a vast selection of arts societies across campus in the areas of performance, media and music. Examples of performance-based societies include Lancaster University Theatre Group (LUTG), the Comedy Institute, Lancaster University Film Production (LUFP), University of Lancaster Music society (ULMS), and HipHop and Breakdance. There is also the Vagina Monolancs, a student-run group performing the Vagina Monologues, raising awareness of domestic violence against women and girls. In addition, the four established student media groups consist of the student radio station Bailrigg FM, the student newspaper SCAN established in 1967 and the student union's television station LA1TV as well as Take 2 Cinema, an on-campus cinema, based in Bowland Main Lecture Theatre which was established in 1964.[119]
Religious groups
The Chaplaincy Centre, with its iconic spire and three lobes
The Lancaster University Chaplaincy Centre is located at the north end of campus incorporating various religious groups such as Christian (Anglicans, Catholics, Orthodox,[120] Quakers), Jewish, Buddhist, and Hindu[121] as well as various religious societies including the Bahá'í, the Chinese Christian Fellowship, the Postgrad and Mature Students Group, and the Pagan society which hold regular events and meetings.[121] The Islamic Prayer Rooms are located across from the Chaplaincy Centre, in Ash House.
^Includes those who indicate that they identify as Asian, Black, Mixed Heritage, Arab or any other ethnicity except White.
^Calculated from the Polar4 measure, using Quintile1, in England and Wales. Calculated from the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) measure, using SIMD20, in Scotland.
^ abcpage 115, Building the New Universities, Tony Birks 1972
^page 120, Building the New Universities, Tony Birks 1972
^Vickers, Emma; Edwards, Emma (May 2002). "The Spine". History of Lancaster University. Lancaster University. Archived from the original on 28 December 2007. Retrieved 14 June 2008.
McClintock, Marion E. (1974), University of Lancaster: Quest for Innovation (History of the First Ten Years), University of Lancaster, ISBN978-0-904-40602-3
McClintock, Marion E. (2011), Shaping the Future: A History of the University of Lancaster 1961–2011, University of Lancaster, ISBN978-1-862-20286-3
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1997 Indian filmHitlerTheatrical release posterDirected byMuthyala SubbaiahScreenplay byMuthyala SubbaiahL. B. Sriram (dialogues)Story bySiddiqueBased onHitler (1996)Produced byM. V. LakshmiEditor MohanStarringChiranjeevi Rajendra Prasad RambhaCinematographyK. DattuEdited byAakula Bhaskar Rao Editor Mohan (Supervision)Music byKotiProductioncompanyM. L. Movie ArtsRelease date 4 January 1997 (1997-01-04) Running time153 minutesCountryIndiaLanguageTelugu Hitler (stylized in the fi...
Book by Lisa Witter and Lisa Chen The She Spot AuthorLisa Witter and Lisa ChenCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishGenreNon-fictionPublisherBerrett-Koehler PublishersPublication dateJune 1, 2008Media typePrint (Hardback)Pages288ISBN978-1-57675-472-6OCLC213222933Dewey Decimal658.8/34082 22LC ClassHF5415.332.W66 W577 2008 The She Spot: Why Women are the Market for Changing the World – And How to Reach Them is a 2008 non-fiction book by Lisa Witter and Lisa Chen.[1] Synopsi...
Badak Lampung FCNama lengkapBadak Lampung Football ClubJulukanLaskar SaburaiBadak PerkasaBerdiri1970, sebagai Perseru Serui 2019, sebagai Badak Lampung FCStadionStadion Sumpah Pemuda, Bandar Lampung(Kapasitas: 25.000)CEO Marco Gracia PauloManajer Dany ArifiantoPelatih Rudy William KeltjesAsisten Pelatih Ridwan OesmanDokter Tim dr Hendro IrawanLigaLiga 3Liga 2 2021Peringkat 5 (Fase Grup Liga 2) (Degradasi)Situs webSitus web resmi klubKelompok suporterBlaster Saburai Balafans Siger Shouth ...
У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Улица Леси Украинки. Улица Леси Украинкиукр. Вулиця Лесі Українки Общая информация Страна Украина Регион Черниговская область Город Чернигов Район Новозаводской район Исторический район Холодные Яры Протяжённость 0,77 км...
Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando l'attributo araldico, vedi Cantante (araldica). Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento teoria musicale non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Questa voce sull'argomento teoria musicale è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Tim Buckley La cantante Giorgia Il cant...
For the station in Adelaide, see Largs railway station, Adelaide. Railway station in North Ayrshire, Scotland LargsScottish Gaelic: An Leargaidh[1]The bridge and platforms at Largs. A Class 380 is about to depart for Glasgow CentralGeneral informationLocationLargs, North AyrshireScotlandCoordinates55°47′34″N 4°52′02″W / 55.7928°N 4.8673°W / 55.7928; -4.8673Grid referenceNS202592Managed byScotRailTransit authoritySPTPlatforms2 (formerly 4)Other infor...
Springbok I / II / Chamois Springbok I prototype (J6974), Martlesham Heath 1923 Role Two-seater biplaneType of aircraft Manufacturer Short Brothers Designer Oswald Short First flight S.3 (Springbok I): 19 April 1923S.3a (Springbok II): 25 March 1925 S.3b (Chamois): 14 March 1927 Primary user Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment (A&AEE), Martlesham Heath Number built 2 (S.3 Springbok I)3 (S.3b Springbok II)1 (S.3b Chamois) The Short Springbok was a two-seat, all-metal rec...
Club and Grade I listed building in United Kingdom The Athenaeum Club in 2006 viewed from the south-east The Athenaeum is a private members' club in London, founded in 1824. It is primarily a club for men and women with intellectual interests, and particularly (but not exclusively) for those who have attained some distinction in science, engineering, literature or the arts. Humphry Davy and Michael Faraday were the first chairman and secretary and 51 Nobel Laureates have been members.[1&#...
Drawing by Raphael LucretiaYear1500s (Julian)LocationMetropolitan Museum of ArtAccession No.1997.153 IdentifiersThe Met object ID: 337075[edit on Wikidata] Lucretia is a 1500s drawing by the Italian High Renaissance artist Raphael, now in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.[1] Early history and creation William Russell (died 1884) was the drawing's first recorded owner.[2] Russell was the first to attribute the work to Raphael.[2] Sir James ...
Луиза Мария Орлеанскаяфр. Louise-Marie Thérèse Charlotte Isabelle d'Orléans Портрет кисти Ф.- K. Винтерхальтера Королева-консорт Бельгии 1832 — 1850 Предшественник нет Преемник Мария Генриетта Габсбург-Лотарингская Рождение 3 апреля 1812(1812-04-03)[1][2][…]Палермо, Сицилия Смерть 11 октября ...
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