Growing up in the semi-urban town and municipality of Srivilliputhur, Radhakrishnan was the youngest child of a family of seven. He attended the Government Higher Secondary School in Ammapatti, Srivilliputhur. He majored in English for his undergraduate study in St. Johns College, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli. Later pursued a Master of Science in Chemistry from Madurai University and graduated in 1979.[2]
He took up a brief stint in teaching in one of the first schools to be established in Panaikulam (the school is now run by the government under the name Bahurdeen Government Higher Secondary School) while preparing simultaneously for the All India Competitive Civil Services Examination.
Later on in his police career, Radhakrishnan was awarded a Doctorate of Philosophy for seminal research on "Tactical and Strategic Police Response to Communal Violence: Coimbatore, a case study" by the University of Madras in October 2009.[3]
Coimbatore City, popularly known as the "Manchester of South India" due to its booming textile industry, witnessed several debilitating communal riots from 1980, culminating in the serial blasts of 1998 that claimed more 50 lives and injured hundreds.[11]Al Ummah, a militant, fundamentalist organisation that took birth in the immediate aftermath of Babri Masjid destruction at Ayodhya, murdered a Hindu Police Constable on 29 November 1997 at Coimbatore in reaction to which, the police constabulary immediately struck work.[12] According to the various investigative reports that emerged post the attacks, Hindu militants of the region exploited the security vacuum by targeting Muslims and their properties; 18 Muslims (and 4 Hindus) lost their lives at Coimbatore. In an apparent retaliation, the Muslim fundamentalist organisation Al Ummah, within 2½ month engineered serial blasts on 14 February 1998 in the run-up to the Parliamentary Elections killing 63 (53 Hindus), maiming 245 and destroying properties worth several crores of rupees. The confusion and the communal instability of the region, shattered peace, trade, commerce, industry and people's morale. Fearing a Hindu backlash, the Army and several paramilitary forces moved into Coimbatore leading to a period of unrest and uncertainty.[13]
Community Policing Strategies
Dr. K. Radhakrishnan in a conference in Vienna, presenting his work on Community Policing
Stepping in as the Commissioner of Police of Coimbatore City in the immediate aftermath of the serial blasts, K. Radhakrishnan insulated the police force involved in the arrests from the intervention of political parties, by forming a 50-member arrest team, which worked only with the Special Investigation Team in the probe. 167 militants, including 5 suicide bombers and the accused of the November 1997 murders, who were involved in the series of events leading up to the 1998 blasts were arrested. Organising extensive searches that led to the seizure of 684 lethal weapons, 584 bombs, 20 firearms, one lakh detonators, cash, addresses of the benefactors of the accused, fundamentalist literature, incriminating documents and photographs, he and his team made sure that by video-graphing all the raids, there was no violation of code of conduct or human rights.[14]
Upon realising the importance of hard intelligence in dealing with communally active zones, K. Radhakrishnan innovated the proactive concept of community policing aimed for a police force's partnership with the civil society in maintaining a peaceful religious climate. The action plan aimed at involving the community in policing spheres, in resolving the Hindu-Muslim discord and in bringing about a life free of communal violence for the residents of Coimbatore. In April 1998, he established 78 Area Committees (ACs) with 4000 partners in 72 wards with the objective of using the community to resolve conflicts. AC meetings were conducted once in a fortnight in sensitive zones and once in a month in other areas under each local Inspector's supervision.[15] This forum helped the police discuss current problems with the civilians and in exchange, provided them with valuable information on new, emerging communal dimensions. The pro-active focus was expanded with the formation of City Vigilance Committees (CVC) in mid-1998. CVCs were created in every police station limit with 5000 students and youths as members.[16] Bestowed with identity cards, caps, batons and taught basic policing methods, these 200 to 250 CVC volunteers patrolled the streets every night along with the police. This augmented safety and security and brought down the incidence of violent property offences by 30 percent.[17] Round the clock vigil was thus maintained by deploying CVC members and police personnel and this new method of involving the civil society in policing proved useful in removing communal biases and false allegations. Besides the student community, CVC volunteers were involved in frisking passengers, checking baggage at important junctions, railway stations and bus stands during turbulent times. CVCs visibly improved the visibility of policing in the documented 'sensitive' zones.
Honors and Recognitions
K. Radhakrishnan during the IACP conference.
The efficiency of community policing as a useful strategy in policing not just communally-sensitive zones but also other areas, was recognised by TNPA and the NPA with the setting up and expansion of community-police trainings under the project: "Communal (Religious) Relations Management Training for the Police through Community Engagement" across the state of Tamil Nadu.[18] In January 2001 K. Radhakrishnan was invited to make a presentation in the UN Headquarters at Vienna on his work under the topic "Integration with diversity in Policing". His initiatives in Coimbatore won him the Community Policing Award 2003, from the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP), Alexandria, Virginia, United States, following which, he was honoured at the Annual Conference of IACP at Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States.[19][20] K. Radhakrishnan's project was recognised by the Queen's Award for Innovation in Police Training and Development-2004, making him the only officer in all of Commonwealth Nations to have won the award consecutively.[21]
Women Police Empowerment
K. Radhakrishnan during one of the gender sensitisation trainings
A significant portion of K. Radhakrishnan's career has been dedicated to empowerment of the women police personnel of Tamil Nadu. Women Police, who were inducted into the Tamil Nadu Police force in 1973 were initially concerned with protection of accused women in police custody and in assisting investigating officers during interrogation and examination of women prisoners/witnesses. However, with the introduction of All Women Police Stations (AWPSs) from 1993, their numbers escalated and correspondingly, the significance of their roles increased too with their duties covering resolution of family disputes and handling of dowry and other domestic-abuse issues. In 2001 when the women police force was integrated into the regular police force, K. Radhakrishnan (then, the Deputy Inspector General of Police, Police Training College, Chennai) was tasked with gender-sensitization of 4200 women police personnel who were in service, through a 42-week long gender sensitization program held at the Police Training College. Upon receiving an excellent reception to the workshops, the Government of Tamil Nadu extended the program to cover the existing police force in its entirety which numbered to a lakh.[22]
The program proved to be a useful platform through which the various inadequacies of the women police personnel in handling family disputes and other domestic conflicts were thrown into light. Leveraging the experiences of this program, K. Radhakrishnan, upon consultation with experts in the field of mediation, negotiation, arbitration and counseling, kick-started the demonstrative project: "Web-based e-training programs in dispute resolution, interviewing and record keeping for officers in all-women police stations in Tamil Nadu: a Pilot Project". This project was his entry for the United Kingdom Home Office's award: Queen's Award for Innovation in Police Training and Development. K. Radhakrishnan's project, competing under the head "The use of new technologies to overcome barriers to deliver training and lifelong learning" amongst entries by officers belonging to 53 member nations of the Commonwealth, was the recipient of the prestigious award in 2002. Awarded with a competitive grant of 15,000 pounds, he successfully implemented the project as a program in Tamil Nadu. Several DVDs containing interactive modules on dispute resolution, interviewing and record-keeping were released to various police stations during implementation. The project's implementation allowed women officers, access to training materials from their station premises, which eliminated the need to transport large numbers of officers to the state-capital for the purpose of training. Select officers were trained in familiarization workshops that were held in Chennai and were presided over by K. Radhakrishnan and the Queen's Award project director Dr. Mangai Natarajan. Study materials and user-guides were posted on the project website, with access to chat-room and forum facilities for exchange of guidance and support between officials in handling dispute and abuse cases. Computers with keyboards were set up at each station in Tamil Nadu, along with adequate telephone lines and internet connections, making this a pioneering project in online-police training in India.[23] In recognition of his efforts, the then Hon'ble Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, Jayalalithaa felicitated him with a silver plaque on the occasion of Tamil Nadu Police Medal Parade, 2002 at Chennai. With the project's results garnering acclaim amongst the media and government intelligentsia, it was covered in police educational literature and various research journals. K. Radhakrishnan was invited to discuss the benefits and results of this experiment in conferences both in India and abroad.
Civil Supplies Department
K. Radhakrishnan began his long foray into the Civil Supplies Department of Tamil Nadu in June 2001 after the Government introduced the free-rice scheme to all family card holders, a noble scheme to eradicate hunger from the midst of the people. This position, he holds until today as the Director General of Police. Constituted under the Essential Commodities Act 1955, the Tamil Nadu government pioneered setting up a dedicated Civil Supplies Crime Investigation Department of police to act against hoarders and black-marketeers. Immediately a year after K. Radhakrishnan assumed office in 2011, there were taken efforts under his leadership to significantly curb smuggling of essential commodities. These efforts were recognized at the Chief Ministers' conference on Internal Security in 2012 and at the conference of Ministers for Food and Consumers Affairs on Tackling Food Inflation in 2014 held at Delhi.[24]
The effectiveness of the Civil Supplies department post K. Radhakrishnan's ascension to the department's leadership was recognized by the Department of Consumer Affairs, Government of India in several correspondences to other state governments wherein it proposed the replication of Tamil Nadu's policing system to ensure zero tolerance towards black marketing, hoarding and profiteering in the trade and supply of essential commodities.[25]
He was awarded the President's Police Medal in 1999 for "Distinguished Service" during his stint as the Commissioner of Police in Coimbatore, for his efforts towards restoring peace and harmony in the city that was left dilapidated post the blasts.
Personal life
K. Radhakrishnan during the inauguration of his new Higher Secondary School in Srivilliputthur.The new Higher Secondary School in Srivilliputthur that K. Radhakrishnan built in his hometown.
In his personal life, Radhakrishnan is a voracious reader, a fervent patron of Tamil Literature and an academic at heart. Having been disadvantaged in many instances in the educational front during his early years, he has made it his single most important goal to achieve proper educational standards for children in the rural areas. In this principle, he took to himself to convert his primary school into a full-fledged Higher Secondary School that provides free but quality education to the impoverished children in the locality.
He acted as a resource person, delivering lectures for the National Police Academy, Tamil Nadu Police Training College, Madras University, Anna University, Annamalai University and Indian Bank Management Academy for Growth & Excellence.
He also acts as a consultant for the Bureau of Police Research and Development, New Delhi on Community Policing.
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^ISBN8177645196, 9788177645194 "Criminal Justice India Series", N. R. Madhava Menon, D. Banerjea, West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences, Allied Publishers
