The Jing-Jin-Ji cluster[a] is an expanded urban agglomeration consisting of Beijing (Jing), Tianjin (Jin), and Hebei (Ji). It is the biggest urban agglomeration region in North China, including an economic region surrounding the municipalities of Beijing and Tianjin, and along the coast of the Bohai Sea.[4] This emerging region is rising as a northern metropolitan region rivaling the Pearl River Delta in the south and the Yangtze River Delta in the east. In 2020, it had a total population of 110 million people, comparable to that of the Philippines.
The Chinese central government has made it a priority to integrate all the cities in the Bohai Bay rim and foster economic development. This includes building an advanced communications network, better highways, increased education, and scientific resources, as well as tapping natural resources off the Bohai rim.[9] In 2016, the Central Government approved a US$36-billion plan to link the various cities making up this metropolis by rail in order to reduce commute times and to better integrate them. This plan includes the construction of nine railways that are 1,100 km (680 mi) in length, which are set to be completed by 2020.[6] The long-term goal is to create a one-hour commuting region; an additional 24 intercity railways are planned to be built before 2050.[10]
In recent decades, petroleum and natural gas deposits have been discovered in the Jingjinji region's coast of the Bohai sea.
Metropolitan areas
Jing-Jin-Ji metropolitan area (in blue)
Inn 2013-2014, Xi Jinping gave directives on coordinating development in the region, elevating development strategies in the region to be a national priority.[11]: 142 In particular, planning strategies sought to alleviate development pressure in Beijing.[11]: 142–143 The desire to alleviate the development pressure of Beijing's increasing non-capital functions was formalized in the June 2015 Outline Plan for Coordinated Development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and subsequently resulted in the establishment of Xiong'an.[11]: 143 Xiong'an is where Beijing's non-capital functions, such as universities, research institutes, and high-tech innovation centers are planned to be transferred over time.[11]: 145
Beijing is a metropolis in northern China and the capital of the People's Republic of China. Beijing is governed as a municipality under the direct administration of the central government. Beijing is China's second-largest city after Shanghai; more than 17 million people in Beijing's jurisdiction.
The third-largest city of the People's Republic of China in terms of the urban population. Administratively it is one of the four municipalities that have provincial-level status, reporting directly to the central government. Its urban land area is the third-largest in China, ranked only after Beijing and Shanghai.
Baoding is the third-largest city in Hebei Province, ranked after Shijiazhuang and Tangshan. The city is located in the center of the Beijing-Tianjin-Shijiazhuang Economic Triangle, with good transportation connections and close commuting distances to its nearby major cities. The newly established Xiong'an New Area aims to be a high-tech, environmentally sustainable, modern metropolis and serves as a new hub for some administrative departments. Logistics bases in northern China are within the city limits of Baoding.[12]
Tangshan, a coastal city along the Bohai Bay and neighboring Tianjin, is the second-largest city in Hebei, after Shijiazhuang. It is also known for the 1976 Tangshan earthquake.
^京津冀城市群; Jīng (京), Jīn (津), and Jì (冀) are the common abbreviations for Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, respectively. Jing–Jin–Ji can also be translated as Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei.
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