Jan Harold Brunvand

Jan Harold Brunvand
Born (1933-03-23) March 23, 1933 (age 91)
Cadillac, Michigan, U.S.
Occupations
Spouse
Judith Brunvand
​
(m. 1956)​
Awards
Academic background
Alma mater
ThesisThe Taming of the Shrew: A Comparative Study of Oral and Literary Versions (1961)
Doctoral advisorRichard Dorson
Academic work
DisciplineFolklorist
Institutions
Notable works
  • The Vanishing Hitchhiker
  • The Study of American Folklore: An Introduction

Jan Harold Brunvand (born March 23, 1933) is an American retired folklorist, researcher, writer, public speaker, and professor emeritus of English at the University of Utah.[3]

Brunvand is best known for popularizing the concept of the urban legend, a form of modern folklore or story telling. Urban legends are "too good to be true" stories[4] that travel by word of mouth, by print, or by the internet and are attributed to an FOAF: friend of a friend.[4][5][6] "Urban legends," Brunvand says, "have a persistent hold on the imagination because they have an element of suspense or humor, they are plausible and they have a moral."[6]

Though criticized for the "popular" rather than "academic" orientation of his books, The Vanishing Hitchhiker and others,[7] Brunvand felt that it was a "natural and worthwhile part of his job as a folklorist to communicate the results of his research to the public."[8]

For his lifetime dedication to the field of folklore, which included radio and television appearances, a syndicated newspaper column, and over 100 publications (articles, books, notes and reviews),[9] Brunvand is considered to be "the legend scholar with the greatest influence on twentieth-century media."[10]

Early life and education

Brunvand was born on March 23, 1933, in Cadillac, Michigan,[7] to Norwegian immigrants[11][12] Harold N. Brunvand and Ruth Brunvand.[13] He and his two siblings, Tor and Richard,[13] were brought up in Lansing, Michigan.[14] Brunvand graduated from J. W. Sexton High School in Lansing in 1951.[15]

From high school, Brunvand attended Michigan State University in East Lansing, Michigan, where, in 1955,[9] he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in journalism.[7] While at Michigan State, he attended a Reserve Officers' Training Corps program and was commissioned a 2nd Lieutenant upon graduation. Brunvand went on to earn a Master of Arts degree in English from the same university in 1957. He briefly served in the U.S. Army Signal Corps at Fort Monmouth and was discharged with the rank of 1st Lieutenant.[7][9][15]

Academic career

While attending Michigan State, Brunvand met Richard Dorson,[16] a folklorist and professor, who became a mentor.[8] Brunvand took an undergraduate American Folklore course Dorson offered in the fall quarter of 1954 and, in subsequent semesters, completed two of Dorson's graduate courses in folklore as a special enrollee.[17] The work Brunvand and other classmates did for Dorson's classes included "preparing a large and well organized personal collection of folklore garnered from oral tradition and furnished with informant data and background comments."[16] These papers would later serve as the beginnings of a large archive of folklore housed at Indiana University.[17]

On June 10, 1956, Brunvand married Judith Darlene Ast, also a student at Michigan State University.[15] Four days later, the couple left for Oslo, Norway,[15] where Brunvand attended the University of Oslo on a Fulbright scholarship.[15] He spent the year studying folklore.[16][17] He started publishing in academic publications during this period, notably a paper on Norwegian-American folklore in the archives of Indiana University[18] and one about the Norwegian folk hero Askeladden.[14][19] In 1957, Brunvand returned to the United States as a graduate student at Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana.[7] He switched majors, from English to folklore, and took a series of classes offered through the university's summer institute.[20] He worked as an archivist in the Indiana University Folklore Archives from September 1958 to June 1960.[21] During this time, he met Archer Taylor, who, as a visiting professor, taught a course on proverbs and riddles. This course, according to Brunvand, "changed his life."[20] Proverbs became one of Brunvand's favorite topics to study and discuss.[20] In 1961, Brunvand's A Dictionary of Proverbs and Proverbial Phrases from Books Published by Indiana Authors Before 1890 was published as Number 15 of the Indiana University's Folklore Series.[20] Of the book, Brunvand says two things: "I've become better at choosing titles since then," and "The price was $3.00, and it was worth every penny of it.[20]

Benjamin Radford and Jan Brunvand at the 2014 American Folklore Society conference in Santa Fe, New Mexico

In 1961, Brunvand also received a Ph.D. in folklore from Indiana University.[9] His dissertation, The Taming of the Shrew: A Comparative Study of Oral and Literary Versions (Aarne-Thompson type 901),[7] later published by Routledge in 1991,[22] highlighted his interest in the structure, morphology and typology of the folktale.[23]

Brunvand taught at the University of Idaho,[7][24] Moscow, Idaho,[25] from 1961 to 1965.[9] He served as associate editor of the Journal of American Folklore from 1963 to 1967.[7]

In 1965, Brunvand taught for a year at Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, Illinois,[7][24] focusing on folktales, folklore and literature,[26] before moving with his wife and four children[27][28] to the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, where he remained a professor until his retirement in 1996.[9]

By 1967, Brunvand was a member of the Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association.[29] He had also served as Book Review Editor for the Journal of American Folklore,[7] which he resigned after receiving a Fulbright Scholarship research grant in 1970[9] to study folklore in Romania.[30][31] He also won a Guggenheim Fellowship in the Humanities (Folklore and Popular Culture) that same year.[9][32] Throughout the next decade, Brunvand focused his research on Romanian folklore, with a particular interest in Romanian house decoration.[33] He returned to Romania in 1973-74 and again in 1981, receiving grants from the International Research & Exchanges Board (IREX) to continue his studies.[9] His research would later be published in a single volume collection titled Casa Frumoasa: The House Beautiful in Rural Romania, published by East European Monographs in 2003.[33]

In 1968, The Study of American Folklore: An Introduction was published by W.W. Norton and Company.[34][35] Brunvand received an Honorable Mention for this book in a 1969 Chicago Folklore Prize competition. The Chicago Folklore Prize is "supported by an endowment established by the International Folklore Association and is awarded annually by the University of Chicago for an important contribution to the study of folklore."[36]

Brunvand's A Guide for Collectors of Folklore in Utah was published by Utah Publications in the American West in 1971.[37]

In the years 1973 to 1976, Brunvand, again, took on the role of associate editor for the Journal of American Folklore.[7] He was named Folklore Fellow by the American Folklore Society in 1974[7] and was elected president of the organization in 1985.[7]

From 1977 to 1980, Brunvand served as editor of the Journal of American Folklore,[7][14] with the goal of making the journal more readable and useful to its major audience, American folklorists.[7] He widened the scope of the journal by including articles written by those outside folklore, but whose work was "relevant to that being done by professional folklorists."[7] He wanted to emphasize folklore and literature, folklore and history, folklife, festival and modern folklore.[7]

In 1976, Brunvand's book Folklore: A Study and Research Guide was published by St. Martin's Press.[38] The book, intended for undergraduate folklore students, was a research tool with a bibliographic guide and tips for researching term papers.[38]

Brunvand edited two other textbooks: Readings in American Folklore,[39] published by W.W. Norton and Company in 1979, American Folklore: An Encyclopedia, published by Garland in 1996.[40]

"Mr. Urban Legend"

While teaching folklore at the University of Utah, Brunvand noticed a disconnect with his students and their views toward folklore. "They always seemed to think that folklore belonged to somebody else, usually in the past, that was something quaint and outdated."[41][42] He began asking his students to think about and discuss stories from their own lives. These stories helped form the basis of a collection which Brunvand later included in several popular books on the topic of urban legends.[41] In 1981, Brunvand's first book devoted to urban legends was published. The Vanishing Hitchhiker: American Urban Legends and Their Meanings[28][33][43] helped to popularize the topic for a student audience.[44] Urban legends, Brunvand explains, are "kissing cousins of myths, fairy tales and rumors. Legends differ from rumors because the legends are stories, with a plot. And unlike myths and fairy tales, they are supposed to be current and true, events rooted in everyday reality that at least could happen."[12] Urban legends reflect modern-day societal concerns, hopes and fears,[12][45] but are "weird whoppers we tell one another, believing them to be factual."[12]

Over the next two decades, Brunvand added to the collection with "new" urban legends: The Choking Doberman and Other "New" Urban Legends,[46] The Big Book of Urban Legends (which was formatted as a comic book),[47] The Mexican Pet: More "New" Urban Legends,[35][48][49] Curses! Broiled Again!,[50] The Baby Train: And Other Lusty Urban Legends,[51][52] Too Good to be True: The Colossal Book of Urban Legends,[53] and The Truth Never Stands in the Way of a Good Story!.[54] He made several appearances on Late Night with David Letterman[7][12][55] and, in 1987, began a twice-weekly syndicated newspaper column called Urban Legends.[7] He participated in countless radio talk shows and dozens of press interviews,[8] educating people about this pass-along folk narrative[41] that, typically involves people misunderstanding or making false assumptions about a story they heard. They forget details and fill in the gaps by inventing what they are missing to make sense of the story.[41] Though criticized for the popular orientation of his books,[7] Brunvand was dedicated to publicizing the field of folklore,[7] exploring the roots of the stories, where possible, and, in some cases debunking them.[28][51] "Folklorists fill different educational roles," Brunvand told members of The Missouri Folklore Society in 2003, "sometimes in classrooms, but often in a more public forum. I believe that the public and media image of what a folklorist does is in fact part of what we should be doing, whether we were trained specifically for it or not, whether we work in academe or not, and whether we like it or not."[8]

Brunvand and his books became so popular, that, when Richard Wolkomir dubbed him "Mr. Urban Legend"[41] in an article for the Smithsonian,[12] the title was later added to book jackets and other publicity.[8] In an article for Western Folklore, Brunvand mentioned a notice he found on a computer newsgroup dated 1 March 1989, presumably an insider's joke: "I think Jan Harold Brunvand, alleged author of The Choking Doberman, is an urban legend. Has anybody ever actually seen this guy?"[56] A Harvard Lampoon publication, Mediagate, parodied urban legend books with this fake publisher's notice: "Bookman Publishing's Catalog for Fall '87: The Embarrassing Fart and More New Urban Legends by Jan Harold Brunvand. Yet another set of rumors, tall tales, and fourth-hand hearsay compiled by the author of The Vanishing Hitchhiker. Includes more recent urban legends such as the Senile President, the Adulterous Evangelist, and the Smelly Gym Sock in the Big Mac. 233 pages hardbound. $34.95 (Harvard 1988: 229)."[56][57]

Post-retirement career

Brunvand retired from the University of Utah in 1996, but continued doing some research and writing as professor emeritus of English.[41]

He frequently writes for publications dedicated to skiing, vintage automobiles and fly fishing.[58][59][60] Once in a while, Brunvand's hobbies and academic interests intersect, notably with an article in The American Fly Fisher debunking a fake quotation by Thoreau.[61][62] He writes a series of columns on Seniors Skiing.com.[63]

Brunvand was a guest on National Public Radio's All Things Considered in September 1999. He spoke to Noah Adams about his book Too Good to be True: The Colossal Book of Urban Legends.[64]

Jan Harold Brunvand trying on a pair of ski goggles on his 75th birthday

His Encyclopedia of Urban Legends, illustrated by Randy Hickman, was published by ABC-CLIO in 2001.[3][65][66][67]

He gave the keynote address at the 2003 meeting of the Missouri Folklore Society.[8] He was a speaker at the World Skeptics Congress in Italy in 2004.[9] His is a fellow of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry, formerly known as the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal. In 2003 Brunvand was awarded CSICOP's Distinguished Skeptic Award.[68]

Brunvand's book Be Afraid, Be Very Afraid: The Book of Scary Urban Legends was published in 2004 by W.W. Norton and Company.[23]

Personal

In 2003, Brunvand entered the Trout Bum Tournament sponsored by Fly Rod and Reel.[69] He participated in the Solo-Angler category.[69] Known during the tournament as the Vanishing Fly Fisher (a nod to his book, The Vanishing Hitchhiker), Brunvand spent 10 days alone fishing some of his favorite spots in Utah: Mammoth Creek, Gooseberry Creek, Price River, and Antimony River (where he "fell twice and bashed his knee, though the injury wasn't anything a cold towel and a cold beer wouldn't fix").[69] "Day 10," Jim Reilly wrote in an article describing the competition," was the last we heard from Jan. We assume he made it home, but maybe he...vanished."[69]

His favorite hobbies are fly fishing and skiing.[14] He and his wife, Judith, continue to reside in Salt Lake City, Utah.[14]

The Vanishing Hitchhiker

The Vanishing Hitchhiker: American Urban Legends and Their Meanings is a book intended to introduce the idea of urban legends to the general public.[43][70] Included in the book are such chilling and humorous stories[71] as "The Vanishing Hitchhiker,"[70] "The Economical Car,"[43] "The Ghost Airliner,"[43] The Girl with the Beehive Hairdo,"[43][71] "The Solid Cement Cadillac,"[70] and "The Killer in the Back Seat."[43][70] Brunvand's approach, according to reviewer Janet L. Langlois, "sensitizes the reader in a highly readable and effective way to both the dynamic narrative process in an urban context and the discipline of folklore and folklife studies."[43] Some of these stories previously appeared in an article Brunvand wrote for the June 1980 issue of Psychology Today.[72] As with Heard About the Solid Cement Cadillac or the Nude in the Camper?, Brunvand categorizes the different legends included in The Vanishing Hitchhiker into classic urban legend types.[70][72] For each legend type, Brunvand offers samples that show variations on the legends themselves, historical evidence of how the legend may have originated (often with European or East Asian roots),[43] and an explanation of what the legend might mean in an urban or modern context.[70][71]

Although recognized by critics for its usefulness as an introductory volume and reference point for expanding the field of folklore,[43][70] reviewers cautioned that The Vanishing Hitchhiker lacked the depth necessary for people actively researching urban legends.[70] Janet L. Langlois, for example, wondered what criteria Brunvand used in selecting stories for the book, as well as what made the legends American, urban and modern.[43] Reviewer Gary Alan Fine wrote, "The paperback edition makes an excellent supplementary reading for introductory folklore students. It's all good fun, and Brunvand, folklore's Carl Sagan, should thrive and prosper, letting the all-purpose intelligentsia know that folklore is just as much fun as interplanetary travel and not nearly as expensive."[70] To this, Brunvand countered: "I really won't think I have arrived until they refer to Carl Sagan as 'The Jan Brunvand of astronomy.'"[8]

The Choking Doberman

Patricia T. O'Connor, writer for The New York Times, described The Choking Doberman and Other "New" Urban Legends as "a collection of 'urban legends,' fictitious narratives that are passed from person to person in the guise of true stories and sometimes persist until they reach the status of folklore."[46] These stories are bizarre but believable and often attributed to a friend of a friend (FOAF).[73][74] Like in his book, The Vanishing Hitchhiker, Brunvand provided the reader with a survey of urban legends, stories such as "The Choking Doberman," "The Poison Dress," and "The Death of Little Mikey."[73] Each story, with its accompanying variations, are categorized into themes and motifs: victimized women and children, food and beverage contamination, fearful encounters, sexual embarrassment, and humorous retribution.[73]

Though Robert D. Bethke called The Choking Doberman "the kind of work one immediately wants to share with friends,"[73] he also criticized the work for the "rhetorical devises" Brunvand used "apparently to suit the popular market."[73] Critics also pointed out that Brunvand's urban legend books raise a question about race and stereotypes[73][74] that, to some, are left unaddressed.[73] Bethke wrote "We are told that the stories are projective of American popular culture, but precisely what racial segment of the culture participates in the currency of such stories? Specifically, we are dealing with a phenomenon like the ethnic joke, examples of which are told by target groups, or is the urban legend essentially a mainstream occurrence? I don't think the final word has been written yet on the genre, but Jan Brunvand has made admirable strides toward that end."[73]

The Mexican Pet: "New" Urban Legends

The Mexican Pet: "New" Urban Legends is Brunvand's third book in a series of books about urban legends meant to appeal to a general audience.[48] This time, Brunvand includes stories collected from colleagues, students, professional newscasters and appeals through his own publications, lectures and media appearances.[48] He organized the book in thematic categories: animal stories, automobiles, horrors, contaminations, sex and scandal, crime, and products, professionals and personalities.[48] There are new versions of earlier legends, newly obtained pieces and leftovers from his files.[48] Among the stories included in the book are: "The Mexican Pet,"[49][75] "Cabbage Patch Kids' death certificates,"[49] "The Green Stamps."[49] Many of the stories have been disseminated through print and broadcast media.[48]

Brunvand wrote in a 2003 article, "Nowadays it would be naive to ask for mere press releases and print articles when most people turn to websites and on-line databases for information."[8] He recognized that urban legend reference sites, like Snopes.com provide readers with far more timely examples and current information than he could keep up with in his books.[8]

Academic books on American folklore

The Study of American Folklore. An Introduction

The Study of American Folklore. An Introduction is a book intended for students of folklore with a particular emphasis on American Folklore as transmitted in the English language.[34] For the purposes of this book, Brunvand defines folklore as "those materials in culture that circulate traditionally among members of any group in different versions, whether in oral form or by means of customary example."[76] The book is divided into three main categories: verbal (dialect and speech habits, proverbs, riddles, tales, rhymes, folk-songs, ballads), partly verbal (superstitions, customs, dances, plays), and non-verbal (gestures, music, handcrafts, folk architecture, food).[34][76] Within the text, Brunvand provided for the reader information on data collecting methods, a general assessment of folklore material, bibliographic essays, and extensive lists of books and articles.[34][76] To some, like reviewer Elliott Oring, the classification system used by Brunvand made The Study of American Folklore more of an "index" of American folklore rather than a "study" of it.[77] Reviewer Kenneth Laine Ketner criticized the book for its failure to make explicit the background theory used to evaluate the works and classification system included in the book, contradictions in detail and narrative, its authoritarian tone, and its charismatic or arbitrary approach to knowledge with serious ethnocentric biases.[78] Peter Tokofsky, in his article Introducing Folklore: A Review Essay, suggested that "the longevity and, presumably, continuing strong sales of the Brunvand text seems to confirm that introducing folklore by way of genres remains an effective and, for many, a preferred teaching tool even if it does not reflect the most current theoretical perspectives."[79]

American Folklore: An Encyclopedia

American Folklore: An Encyclopedia is an illustrated volume that contains within its pages more than 500 articles covering American and Canadian folklore and folklife.[40][80] Subject areas include holidays, festivals, rituals to crafts, music, dance and occupations. The book provides short bibliographies and cross-references for further research.[40]

Selected works

  • A Dictionary of Proverbs and Proverbial Phrases from Books Published by Indiana Authors Before 1890, compiled by Jan Harold Brunvand (Indiana University Press 1961) (ISBN 978-0-253-38015-9)
  • The Study of American Folklore: An Introduction (W.W. Norton & Company 1968, revised 1978, 1986, 1998) (ISBN 978-0-393-97223-8)
  • A Guide for Collectors of Folklore in Utah (University of Utah Press 1971)
  • Norwegian Settlers in Alberta (Canadian Centre for Folk Cultural Studies 1974)
  • Folklore: A Study and Research Guide (St. Martin's Press 1976) (ISBN 978-0-312-29750-3)
  • Readings in American Folklore, edited by Jan Harold Brunvand (W.W. Norton & Company 1979) (ISBN 978-0-393-95029-8)
  • The Vanishing Hitchhiker: American Urban Legends and Their Meanings (W.W. Norton 1981) (ISBN 978-0-393-95169-1)
  • The Choking Doberman and Other "New" Urban Legends (W. W. Norton & Company 1984) (ISBN 978-0-393-30321-6)
  • The Mexican Pet: More "New" Urban Legends and Some Old Favorites (W. W. Norton & Company 1986) (ISBN 978-0-393-30542-5)
  • Curses! Broiled Again! The Hottest Urban Legends Going (W. W. Norton & Company 1989) (ISBN 978-0-393-30711-5)
  • The Taming of the Shrew: A Comparative Study of Oral and Literary Versions (Routledge 1991) (ISBN 978-0-8240-7149-3)
  • The Baby Train and Other Lusty Urban Legends (W. W. Norton & Company 1993) (ISBN 978-0-393-03438-7)
  • The Big Book of Urban Legends (Paradox Press 1994) (ISBN 978-1-563-89165-6)
  • American Folklore: An Encyclopedia, edited by Jan Harold Brunvand (Taylor & Francis 1996) (ISBN 978-0-8153-0751-8)
  • Too Good to Be True: The Colossal Book of Urban Legends (W. W. Norton & Company 1999, revised 2001) (ISBN 978-0-393-32088-6)
  • The Truth Never Stands in the Way of a Good Story (University of Illinois Press 2000) (ISBN 978-0-252-07004-4)
  • Encyclopedia of Urban Legends (ABC-CLIO, Inc. 2001) (ISBN 978-1-576-07532-6)
  • Casa Frumoasa: The House Beautiful in Rural Romania (Columbia University Press 2003) (ISBN 978-0-880-33528-7)
  • Be Afraid, Be Very Afraid: The book of scary Urban Legends (W. W. Norton & Company 2004) (ISBN 978-0-393-32613-0)

References

  1. ^ "Jan Harold Brunvand". gf.org. John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
  2. ^ "Jan Brunvand". fulbrightscholars.org. Fulbright Scholar Program. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
  3. ^ a b Helmer, Dona J. (Winter 2001). "Encyclopedia of Urban Legends by Jan Harold Brunvand". Reference and User Services Quarterly. 41 (2). American Library Association: 191, 193. JSTOR 41241093.
  4. ^ a b O'Brien, Joan (22 August 1999). "For Jan Brunvand Two Decades of Reading his 'Myth-Meter'". The Salt Lake City Tribune. Salt Lake City, Utah. p. D1.
  5. ^ Nicolini, Mary B. (December 1989). "Is There a FOAF in Your Future? Urban Folk Legends in Room 112". The English Journal. 78 (8). National Council of Teachers of English: 81–84. doi:10.2307/819495. JSTOR 918495.
  6. ^ a b Jensen, Joyce (8 April 2000). "Old urban legends never die (but they don't get any truer)". The New York Times. No. Late Edition (East Coast). New York, NY. p. B.9.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Null, Elizabeth F.; Mcnell, W.K.; Pifer, Lynn (October–December 1988). "The Journal's Editors". The Journal of American Folklore. 101 (402): 20–49. JSTOR 540385.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i Brunvand, Jan Harold (7 November 2003). Davis, Adam Brooke; Vandergriff, Jim (eds.). "Being a Folklorist: Plenary Address to the Missouri Folklore Society". Missouri Folklore Society Journal. 25. Columbia, Missouri: The Missouri Folklore Society: 1–17.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "World Skeptics Conference 2004: Jan Harold Brunvand". CICAP.org. Abano Terme, Italy. 10 August 2004. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
  10. ^ Lindahl, Carl, "Some Legendary Takes on Hurricane Katrina", American Folklore Society, March 7, 2012
  11. ^ Harrah-Conforth, Jeanne (19 September 1996). "Jan Harold Brunvand Interview". Utah State University Libraries. Indiana University Folklore Institute, 1987 Collection. Archived from the original on 2014-12-29. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
  12. ^ a b c d e f Wolkomir, Richard (November 1992). "If those cobras don't get you, the alligators will". Smithsonian. 23 (8). Smithsonian Institution: 166.
  13. ^ a b "1940 United States Federal Census". Ancestry.com. Provo, Utah: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
  14. ^ a b c d e Brunvand, Jan Harold. "Dr. Jan Harold Brunvand: About the Professor". www.janbrunvand.com. Archived from the original on 29 December 2014. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  15. ^ a b c d e "Newlyweds sail June 14 for Norway after Sunday rites". The News-Palladium. Benton Harbor, Michigan. 11 June 1956. p. 6.
  16. ^ a b c Harrah-Conforth, Jeanne (19 September 1996). "Indiana University Folklore Institute, 1987 Collection: Jan Harold Brunvand Interview". Utah State University Libraries. Indiana University. Archived from the original on 2014-12-29. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
  17. ^ a b c Brunvand, Jan Harold (July–September 1982). "Obituary: Richard M. Dorson (1916-1981)". The Journal of American Folklore. 95 (377). American Folklore Society: 347–353. JSTOR 539914.
  18. ^ Brunvand, Jan (Winter 1957). "Norwegian-American Folklore in the Indiana University Archives". Midwest Folklore. 7 (4): 221–228. JSTOR 4317682 – via JSTOR.
  19. ^ Brunvand, Jan Harold (January–March 1959). "Norway's Askeladden, the Unpromising Hero, and Junior-Right". The Journal of American Folklore. 72 (283). American Folklore Society: 14–23. doi:10.2307/538383. JSTOR 538383.
  20. ^ a b c d e Brunvand, Jan Harold (Winter 1999). "The 1999 Archer Taylor Memorial Lecture: My Summer with Archer, and Some Unfinished Business". Western Folklore. 58 (1). Western States Folklore Society: 1–23. doi:10.2307/1500359. JSTOR 1500359.
  21. ^ Brunvand, Jan Harold (January–March 1963). "A Classification for Shaggy Dog Stories". The Journal of American Folklore. 76 (299). American Folklore Society: 42–68. doi:10.2307/538078. JSTOR 538078.
  22. ^ Brunvand, Jan H. (1 March 1991). "The Taming of the Shrew: A Comparative Study of Oral and Literary Versions". Routledge: Taylor and Francis Group. Routledge. Archived from the original on 29 December 2014. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
  23. ^ a b Jordan-Smith, Paul (Fall 2008). "Be Afraid, Be Very Afraid: The Book of Scary Urban Legends by Jan Harold Brunvand". Western Folklore. 67 (4). Western State Folklore Society: 417–421. JSTOR 25474941.
  24. ^ a b "Folklore and Folklorists". Western Folklore. 25 (4). Western States Folklore Society: 259. October 1966. JSTOR 1498524.
  25. ^ Brunvand, Jan Harold (April–June 1961). "Three More Variants of the 'Tag Tale'". The Journal of American Folklore. 74 (292). American Folklore Society: 146–148. doi:10.2307/537782. JSTOR 537782.
  26. ^ "Associates in Current Anthropology". Current Anthropology. 7 (2). University of Chicago Press on behalf of Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research: 261–264. April 1966. doi:10.1086/200715. JSTOR 2740049.
  27. ^ Brunvand, Jan Harold (Winter 2001). "Folklore in the News (And, Incidentally, on the Net)". Western Folklore. 60 (1). Western States Folklore Society: 47–66. doi:10.2307/1500195. JSTOR 1500195.
  28. ^ a b c Faber, Nancy (23 August 1982). "Hear! Hear! A Noted Folklorist Gets at the Roots of Rumors". People. 18 (8). Time Inc. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
  29. ^ "Report of the Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association". PMLA. 83 (4, Part 1). Modern Language Association: 1002–1003. September 1968. Retrieved 10 December 2014.[permanent dead link‍]
  30. ^ "Proceedings of the annual business meeting". The Journal of American Folklore. 87 (Supplement). American Folklore Society: 3–59. May 1974. JSTOR 539121.
  31. ^ Brunvand, Jan Harold (April–June 1978). ""Romanian Design Portfolio," American Fabrics/Fashions". The Journal of American Folklore. 91 (360): 724–725. doi:10.2307/538934. JSTOR 538934.
  32. ^ "Fellowships to Assist Research and Artistic Creation". Guggenheim Foundation. John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. Archived from the original on 29 December 2014. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  33. ^ a b c Cochran, Robert (Spring 2008). "Casa Frumoasa: The House Beautiful in Rural Romania by Jan Harold Brunvand". The Journal of American Folklore. 121 (480). University of Illinois Press on behalf of the American Folklore Society: 244–245. doi:10.2307/20487603. JSTOR 20487603.
  34. ^ a b c d Briggs, K.M. (Spring 1969). "The Study of American Folklore. An Introduction by Jan Harold Brunvand". Folklore. 80 (1). Taylor and Francis, Ltd. on behalf of Folklore Enterprises, Ltd.: 62. doi:10.1080/0015587X.1969.9716618. JSTOR 1259339.
  35. ^ a b "Books Received". The Journal of American Folklore. 100 (395). American Folklore Society: 125–126. January–March 1987. JSTOR 540017.
  36. ^ Newall, Venetia (Autumn 1969). "Folklore Notes". Folklore. 80 (3). Taylor & Francis, Ltd. on behalf of Folklore Enterprises, Ltd.: 232–234. doi:10.1080/0015587x.1969.9716641. JSTOR 1259120.
  37. ^ Glassie, Henry (October 1973). "A Guide for Collectors of Folklore in Utah". Western Folklore. 32 (4). Western States Folklore Society: 286–287. doi:10.2307/1498314. JSTOR 1498314. S2CID 165446629.
  38. ^ a b Feintuch, Burt (July–September 1978). "Reviewed work: Folklore: A Study and Research Guide, Jan Harold Brunvand". The Journal of American Folklore. 91 (361): 872–874. doi:10.2307/538694. JSTOR 538694.
  39. ^ Baker, Ronald L. (July 1981). "Readings in American Folklore by Jan Harold Brunvand". Western Folklore. 40 (3). Western States Folklore Society: 270–272. doi:10.2307/1499699. JSTOR 1499699.
  40. ^ a b c Maul, Shirley A. (May 1997). "Outstanding Reference Sources: The 1997 Selection of Recent Titles". American Libraries. 28 (5). American Library Association: 62–66, 68–69. JSTOR 25634449.
  41. ^ a b c d e f Fulford, Robert (1 February 2000). "That stuff that urban legends are made of: If there's an alligator in your sewer, Jan Brunvand will find it". No. National Edition. Don Mills, Ontario: National Post. p. B1/Front.
  42. ^ "Chatbooks: Jan Harold Brunvand". CNN.com. Cable News Network. 22 September 1999. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
  43. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Langlois, Janet L. (July–September 1983). "The Vanishing Hitchhiker: American Urban Legends and Their Meanings by Jan Harold Brunvand". The Journal of American Folklore. 96 (381). American Folklore Society: 356–357. doi:10.2307/540959. JSTOR 540959.
  44. ^ Ellis, Bill (1994). ""The Hook" Reconsidered: Problems in Classifying and Interpreting Adolescent Horror Legends". Folklore. 105 (1–2). Taylor & Francis Enterprises, Ltd. on behalf of Folklore Enterprises, Ltd.: 61–75. doi:10.1080/0015587x.1994.9715874. JSTOR 1260630.
  45. ^ Hathaway-Bell, Stacey (August 1998). "Satan's Shelving: Urban Library Legends". American Libraries. 29 (7). American Library Association: 44–49. JSTOR 25635063.
  46. ^ a b O'Conner, Patricia T. (14 December 1986). "New & Noteworthy: Book Review Desk". The New York Times. No. Late City Final Edition. p. Section 7; page 38, column 1.
  47. ^ Salvador, Normie (2003). "The Big Book of Urban Legends by Jan Harold Brunvand by Robert Loren Fleming; Robert F. Boyd". Marvels & Tales. 17 (2). Wayne State University Press: 269–272. doi:10.1353/mat.2003.0034. JSTOR 41388671. S2CID 162214169.
  48. ^ a b c d e f Degh, Linda (May–August 1987). "The Mexican Pet: "New" Urban Legends by Jan Harold Brunvand". Journal of Folklore Research. 24 (2). Indiana University Press: 192–193. JSTOR 3814364.
  49. ^ a b c d McGillivray, Rosalyn (January 1988). "The Mexican Pet: More "New" Urban Legends and Some Old Favorites by Jan Harold Brunvand". Western Folklore. 47 (1). Western States Folklore Society: 69–70. doi:10.2307/1500063. JSTOR 1500063.
  50. ^ Jordan-Smith, Paul (17 December 1999). "It Happened to a Friend of a Friend CURSES! BROILED AGAIN! The Hottest Urban Legends Going by Jan Harold Brunvand". Los Angeles Times. No. Home Edition. p. 1.
  51. ^ a b Molyneux, Michael (12 February 1995). "New & Noteworthy Paperbacks". The New York Times. No. Late Edition–Final. p. 36, section 7, column 1.
  52. ^ Nicolaisen, W.F.H. (1997). "The Baby Train and Other Lusty Urban Legends by Jan Harold Brunvand". Folklore. 108. Taylor & Francis, Ltd. on behalf of Folklore Enterprises, Ltd.: 134–135. JSTOR 1260739.
  53. ^ Simpson, Jacqueline (October 2002). "Too Good to Be True: The Colossal Book of Urban Legends by Jan Harold Brunvand". Folklore. 113 (2). Taylor & Francis, Ltd. on behalf of Folklore Enterprises, Ltd.: 285–286. JSTOR 1260694.
  54. ^ Campion-Vincent, Veronique (October 2001). "The Truth Never Stands in the Way of a Good Story! by Jan Harold Brunvand". Folklore. 112 (2). Taylor & Francis, Ltd. on behalf of Folklore Enterprises, Ltd.: 245–246. JSTOR 1260855.
  55. ^ "Jan Harold Brunvand". TV.com. CBS Interactive Inc. Archived from the original on 2014-12-29. Retrieved 2014-12-29.
  56. ^ a b Brunvand, Jan Harold (January 1990). "Some News from the Miscellaneous Legend Files". Western Folklore. 49 (1). Western States Folklore Society: 111–120. doi:10.2307/1499485. JSTOR 1499485.
  57. ^ The Harvard Lampoon Presents Mediagate (First ed.). New York, NY: The Atlantic Monthly Press. 1988. p. 229. ISBN 0-87113-179-X.
  58. ^ Brunsvand, Jan (July–August 2012). ""One of the Finest Sports in the World": An English Victorian Lady tries skiløbning on a Visit to Norway". Skiing Heritage. 24 (4): 25–27.
  59. ^ Brunvand, Jan (Fall 2015). "More on the Mickey Finn (origin of a fly pattern and its name)". The American Fly Fisher. 41 (4): 16–19.
  60. ^ Brunsvand, Jan (July 2023). "Studebakers on Utah's Scenic State Route #12". Turning Wheels. 55 (7): 36–38.
  61. ^ Brunvand, Jan Harold (Winter 2022). "Famous Thoreau Quotation Is Pretty Fishy" (PDF). The American Fly Fisher. 46 (6): 20–24.
  62. ^ Brunvand, Jan Harold (Spring 2023). "The String of (Fake) Pearls of Fishing Wisdom Continues". The American Fly Fisher. 49 (2): 17–18.
  63. ^ Brunvand, Jan. "Articles by Jan Brunvand". SeniorsSkiing.com. Archived from the original on 29 December 2023. Retrieved 29 December 2023.
  64. ^ "Urban Legends". NPR.org. 2 September 1999. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
  65. ^ Hanson, Todd A. (Autumn 2003). "Encyclopedia of Urban Legends". The Journal of American Folklore. 116 (462). University of Illinois Press on behalf of American Folklore Society: 490–491. doi:10.1353/jaf.2003.0063. JSTOR 4137766. S2CID 161943284.
  66. ^ Hobbs, Sandy (August 2003). "Encyclopedia of Urban Legends by Jan Harold Brunvand". Folklore. 114 (2). Taylor and Francis, Ltd. on behalf of Folklore Enterprises, Ltd.: 273–274. JSTOR 30035106.
  67. ^ Deutsch, James (October 2003). "Encyclopedia of Urban Legends by Jan Harold Brunvand". American Studies International. 41 (3). Mid-America American Studies Association: 107–108. JSTOR 41280001.
  68. ^ Binga, Timothy (September 1998). "FOAFlore". American Libraries. 29 (8). American Library Association: 34. JSTOR 25635095.
  69. ^ a b c d Reilly, Jim (April 2004). "2003 Trout Bum Tournament Wrap Up". Fly Rod and Reel Online. Fly Rod and Reel. Archived from the original on 29 December 2014. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  70. ^ a b c d e f g h i Fine, Gary Alan (April 1982). "The Vanishing Hitchhiker: American Urban Legends and Their Meanings by Jan Harold Brunvand". Western Folklore. 41 (2). Western States Folklore Society: 156–157. doi:10.2307/1499791. JSTOR 1499791.
  71. ^ a b c "News & Notes". Minnesota History. 48 (2). Minnesota Historical Society Press: 90–92. Summer 1982. JSTOR 20178777.
  72. ^ a b Brunvand, Jan Harold (June 1980). "Heard About the Solid Cement Cadillac or the Nude in the Camper?". Psychology Today: 50–62.
  73. ^ a b c d e f g h Bethke, Robert D. (April 1985). "The Choking Doberman and Other "New" Urban Legends by Jan Harold Brunvand". Western Folklore. 44 (2). Western States Folklore Society: 147–149. doi:10.2307/1499565. JSTOR 1499565.
  74. ^ a b Goetz, Lin (26 September 1999). "An 'Anecdote' has made the rounds for years". New Jersey Weekly Desk. No. Late Edition–Final. The New York Times. p. Page 19, Section 14NJ, column 1.
  75. ^ Johnson, George (8 May 1988). "New & Noteworthy". The New York Times. p. 42, column 1.
  76. ^ a b c Richmond, W. Edson (January–March 1969). "The Study of American Folklore: An Introduction by Jan Harold Brunvand". The Journal of American Folklore. 82 (323). American Folklore Society: 80–83. doi:10.2307/539061. JSTOR 539061.
  77. ^ Oring, Elliot (October 1973). "The Study of American Folklore: An Introduction by Jan Harold Brunvand". Western Folklore. 32 (4). Western States Folklore Society: 284–286. doi:10.2307/1498313. JSTOR 1498313.
  78. ^ Ketner, Kenneth Laine (April 1980). "The Study of American Folklore: An Introduction". Western Folklore. 39 (2). Western States Folklore Society: 130–133. doi:10.2307/1500071. JSTOR 1500071.
  79. ^ Tokofsky, Peter (Spring–Summer 1998). "Introducing Folklore: A Review Essay". Western Folklore. 57 (2/3). Western States Folklore Society: 179–189. doi:10.2307/1500219. JSTOR 1500219.
  80. ^ Bronner, Simon J. (October 1993). "Exploring American Traditions: A Survey of Folklore and Folklife Research in American Studies". American Studies International. 31 (2). Mid-America American Studies Association: 37–69. JSTOR 41279162.

Read other articles:

علي بابا والأربعين حرامي (فيلم أمريكي)

  لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع علي بابا والأربعين حرامي (توضيح). هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (سبتمبر 2019) علي بابا والأربعين حرامي (بالإنجليزية: Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves)‏  الصنف فيلم مغامرة  تاريخ الصدور 1944...

 

Real Zaragoza

Real ZaragozaNama lengkapReal Zaragoza, S.A.D.JulukanLos Blanquillos Los MañosBerdiri1932StadionLa Romareda, Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain(Kapasitas: 34,596)PemilikAgapito IglesiasPresidenFernando MolinosManajerPaco HerreraLigaSegunda División2012–13ke-20, La Liga (degradasi)Situs webSitus web resmi klub Kostum kandang Kostum tandang Musim ini Real Zaragoza adalah nama tim sepak bola Spanyol yang bermarkas di kota Zaragoza dan bermain di Divisi Segunda. Tim ini berdiri pada tahun 1932 deng...

 

Graafschap Oettingen

Wapen van de graven van Oettingen, Siebmachers Wappenbuch, 1605 Wapen van de graven van Oettingen, Scheibelers Wappenbuch, 1450-1480 Kaart van Oettingen-Oettingen, Oettingen-Baldern, Oettimgen-Spielberg en Oettingen-Wallerstein Het graafschap Oettingen was een tot de Zwabische Kreits behorend graafschap binnen het Heilige Roomse Rijk, met als centrum Oettingen in Bayern. Oettingen tot 1557 De graven in de Riesgau noemden zich sinds 1141/3 graaf van Oettingen. Zij verwerven in 1250 Baldern (nu...

Bisdom Bossangoa

Het bisdom Bossangoa binnen de Centraal-Afrikaanse Republiek Het bisdom Bossangoa (Latijn: Dioecesis Bossangoensis) is een van de negen rooms-katholieke bisdommen van de Centraal-Afrikaanse kerkprovincie en is suffragaan aan het aartsbisdom Bangui. Momenteel is de zetel van het bisdom Bossangoa sede vacante. Geschiedenis 9 februari 1959: Oprichting als apostolische prefectuur Bossangoa uit een deel van het bisdom Berbérati 16 januari 1964: Promotie tot bisdom Bossangoa Leiderschap Mgr Nestor-D

 

Guinea-Bissau

Republik Guinea-Bissau República da Guiné-Bissau Flagge Wappen Wahlspruch: Unidade, Luta, Progresso(por., „Einigkeit, Kampf, Fortschritt“) Amtssprache Portugiesisch Hauptstadt Bissau Staats- und Regierungsform präsidentielle Republik Staatsoberhaupt PräsidentUmaro Sissoco Embaló Regierungschef PremierministerGeraldo Martins Fläche 36.125 km² Einwohnerzahl 2,0 Millionen (148.) (2020; Schätzung)[1] Bevölkerungsdichte 70 Einwohner pro km² Bevölkerungs­entwicklung +2,4...

 

Darüşşafaka Ayhan Şahenk Sports Hall

Darüşşafaka Ayhan Şahenk Sports HallDarüşşafaka Ayhan Şahenk Sports HallLocationBüyükdere Caddesi, Derbent Mevkisi, Sarıyer, IstanbulCoordinates41°07′35″N 29°01′44″E / 41.12639°N 29.02889°E / 41.12639; 29.02889OwnerTBFCapacityBasketball: 3,500Opened1995TenantsDarüşşafakaWebsitehttps://www.darussafaka.org/hakkimizda/cemiyet/darussafaka-spor-kulubu Darüşşafaka Ayhan Şahenk Sports Hall (Turkish: Darüşşafaka Ayhan Şahenk Spor Salonu) is a ...

Rafaela Butareli

Esta biografia de uma pessoa viva cita fontes, mas que não cobrem todo o conteúdo. Ajude a inserir fontes confiáveis e independentes. Material controverso que esteja sem fontes deve ser imediatamente removido, especialmente se for de natureza difamatória.—Encontre fontes: ABW  • CAPES  • Google (N • L • A) (Abril de 2013) Rafaela Butareli Nome completo Rafaela Gomes Butareli Nascimento 12 de maio de 1989 (34 anos)Ma...

 

Wojna polsko-ruska

Wojna polsko-ruska Gatunek dramat Rok produkcji 2009 Data premiery 22 maja 2009 Kraj produkcji Polska Język polski Reżyseria Xawery Żuławski Scenariusz Xawery Żuławski Główne role Borys SzycRoma GąsiorowskaMaria StrzeleckaSonia BohosiewiczAnna PrusMichał Czernecki Zdjęcia Marian Prokop Scenografia Joanna Kaczyńska Kostiumy Anna Englert Dystrybucja ITI Cinema Wojna polsko-ruska – polski film z 2009 r., wyreżyserowany przez Xawerego Żuławskiego na podstawie powieści Doroty Mas...

 

جزيرة مطاوع

جزيرة مطاوع  -  قرية مصرية -  تقسيم إداري البلد  مصر المحافظة محافظة الشرقية المركز أولاد صقر وحدة محلية الصوفية المسؤولون رئيس الوحدة كريم عبد الكريم عباس[1] السكان التعداد السكاني 8527 نسمة (إحصاء 2006) معلومات أخرى التوقيت ت ع م+02:00  الرمز البريدي 44781 تعديل م...

Slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis

LTC4 LTD4 LTE4 The slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis or SRS-A is a mixture of the leukotrienes LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4. Mast cells secrete it during the anaphylactic reaction, inducing inflammation.[1] It can be found in basophils. It induces prolonged, slow contraction of smooth muscle and has a major bronchoconstrictor role in asthma.[2] Compared to histamine, it is approximately 1000 times more potent and has a slower onset but longer duration of action.[citation neede...

 

Gun laws in Colorado

Colorado's gun law Location of Colorado in the United States Gun laws in Colorado regulate the sale, possession, and use of firearms and ammunition in the state of Colorado in the United States.[1][2] Summary table Subject/Law Long guns Handguns Relevant Statutes Notes State permit required to purchase? No No Colo. Rev. Stat. §§ 18-12-112, 18-12-113 Firearm registration? No No Colo. Rev. Stat. § 29-11.7-102 Assault weapon law? No* No* DRMC § 38-130 No state law prohibiting...

 

Фюле, Штефан

Штефан Фюлечеш. Štefan Füle Европейский комиссар по вопросам расширения и политики добрососедства 9 февраля 2010 — 31 октября 2014 Предшественник Олли Рен (расширение), Бенита Ферреро-Вальднер (добрососедство) министр по европейским делам 8 мая 2009 — 30 ноября 2009 Предшественн...

Dampak pandemi Covid-19 terhadap industri makanan

Bagian dari seri artikel mengenaiPandemi Covid-19Permodelan atomik akurat yang menggambarkan struktur luar virus SARS-CoV-2. Tiap bola yang tergambarkan di sini adalah sebuah atom. SARS-CoV-2 (virus) Covid-19 (penyakit) Kronologi2019 2020 Januari Februari Maret April Mei Juni Juli Agustus September Oktober November Desember 2021 Januari Februari Maret April Mei Juni Juli Agustus September Lokasi Menurut benua Afrika Antarktika Asia Eropa Amerika Selatan Amerika Utara Oseania Menurut kendaraan...

 

Estadística de Maxwell-Boltzmann

Representación gráfica de la función densidad de distribución de Maxwell-Boltzmann. En física, la estadística de Maxwell-Boltzmann es una función estadística desarrollada para modelar el comportamiento de sistemas físicos regidos por la mecánica clásica. Esta función estadística clásica, formulada originalmente por los físicos J.C. Maxwell y L. Boltzmann, rige la distribución de un conjunto de partículas en función de los posibles valores de energía de los estados que estas...

 

Instituto dos Vinhos do Douro e Porto

Logo des IVDP Das Instituto dos Vinhos do Douro e Porto, abgekürzt IVDP, zu deutsch Douro- und Portwein-Institut, ist ein Institut in Portugal, das den Anbau, die Verarbeitung und den Handel mit Wein aus der Region Douro, insbesondere Portwein, reglementiert, kontrolliert und fördert. Das IVDP ist ursprünglich eine privatwirtschaftliche Interessenvertretung der Winzer und Weinhändler der Region, betreibt Werbung und Information, fördert den Tourismus in der Region und den internationalen...

Teun

Teun, kadang dieja sebagai teon, teong, atau teung adalah nama adat atau gelar yang diberikan terhadap suatu negeri atau kampung di Maluku khususunya Maluku Bagian Tengah.[1] Teun secara lisan mewakili sejarah suatu negeri, batas-batas negeri tersebut dan petuanannya dengan negeri-negeri lain dan petuanan mereka, serta struktur politik, kekuasaan, dan sosial-ekonomis masyarakat di suatu negeri.[1] Teun tidak hanya dimiliki oleh negeri atau kampung, masing-masing soa dan fam at...

 

Acquainted

For acquaintanceship in relationships, see Interpersonal relationship § Stages. 2015 single by the WeekndAcquaintedSingle by the Weekndfrom the album Beauty Behind the Madness ReleasedNovember 17, 2015 (2015-11-17)Recorded2015StudioJungle City Studios[1]GenreAlternative R&BLength5:49 (album version)4:06 (radio edit)LabelXORepublicSongwriter(s)Abel TesfayeJason QuennevilleDanny SchofieldCarlo MontagneseBen DiehlProducer(s)The WeekndIllangeloBen BillionsJason Qu...

 

Droga magistralna M11 (Białoruś)

Długość 191 km obwody grodzieński,brzeski Mapa Przebieg drogi M11 przez Białoruś Przebieg trasy Legenda w użyciu   projekt, budowa, konieczność modernizacji węzeł drogowy typu WA węzeł drogowy typu WB skrzyżowanie rondo przejście granicznepunkt poboru opłat (PPO) stacja poboru opłat (SPO) most / wiadukt / estakada prom rzeka – brak przeprawy przejazd kolejowo-drogowy tunel parking z bufetem stacja paliw restauracja hotel / motel lub inne miejsce noclegowe drogowy odcin...

アンドレ・シトロエン公園

アンドレ・シトロエン公園 公園内の遊歩道 所在地 フランス パリ15区座標 北緯48度50分28秒 東経2度16分29秒 / 北緯48.841111度 東経2.274722度 / 48.841111; 2.274722座標: 北緯48度50分28秒 東経2度16分29秒 / 北緯48.841111度 東経2.274722度 / 48.841111; 2.274722面積 14 ha造成 1986年 (1986)テンプレートを表示 アンドレ・シトロエン公園の温室 アンドレ・シト...

 

Herebel

Village in Dibër, AlbaniaHerebel ЕрбелеVillageHerebelCoordinates: 41°37′11″N 20°28′11″E / 41.61972°N 20.46972°E / 41.61972; 20.46972Country AlbaniaCountyDibërMunicipalityDibërMunicipal unitMaqellarëTime zoneUTC+1 (CET) • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST) Herebel (Macedonian: Ербеле; Bulgarian: Ърбеле) is a village in the former Maqellarë municipality in Dibër County in northeastern Albania.[1] At the 2015 local govern...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!