John Edward Hawkins, CBE (14 September 1910 – 18 July 1973) was an English actor who worked on stage and in film from the 1930s until the 1970s.[1] One of the most popular British film stars of the 1950s, he was known for his portrayal of military men.
In the 1930s Hawkins's focus was on the stage. He worked in the companies of Sybil Thorndike, John Gielgud and Basil Dean.[8] His performances included Port Said by Emlyn Williams (1931), Below the Surface by HL Stoker and LS Hunt (1932), Red Triangle by Val Gielgud (1932), Service by CI Anthony, for director Basil Dean (1933), One of Us by Frank Howard, As You Like It by William Shakespeare (1933) and Iron Flowers by Cecil Lewis (1933, with Jessica Tandy his wife).
Stage roles included While Parents Sleep (1932) by Anthony Kimmins, Iron Mistress (1934) by Arthur Macrae; then an open air Shakespeare festival – As You Like It (1934) (with Anna Neagle), Twelfth Night (1934), Comedy of Errors (1934). Some of these productions were done on radio. The Maitlands by Ronald Mackenzie (1934) was for John Gielgud's company. He was Horatio to Gielgud's Hamlet (1934). He also appeared in Accidentally Yours by Clifford Grey (1935), The World Waits by Clifford Hummel (1935), Coincidence by Bryce Robertson (1935) and The Frog (1935).
Theatre appearances included A Winter's Tale (1937), Autumn by Margaret Kennedy and Gregory Ratoff (1937, with Flora Robson for Basil Dean), The King's Breakfast by Rita Welman and Maurice Marks (1937–38), No More Music by Rosamund Lehman (1938), Can We Tell? by Robert Gore Brown (1938), Traitors Gate by Norma Stuart (1938) and Dear Octopus by Dodie Smith (1938–39).
Hawkins left the army in July 1946. Two weeks later he appeared on stage in The Apple Cart at £10 a week. The following year he starred in Othello, to a mixed reception.[14]
Hawkins's wife became pregnant and he became concerned about his future. He decided to accept a contract with Sir Alexander Korda for three years at £50 a week. Hawkins had been recommended to Korda by the latter's production executive, Bill Bryden, who was married to Elizabeth Allen, who had worked with Hawkins.[14]
Hawkins became a star with the release of three successful films in which he played stern but sympathetic authority figures: Angels One Five (1951),[15] as an RAF officer during the war; The Planter's Wife (1952),[15] as a rubber planter combating communists in the Malayan Emergency (with Claudette Colbert); and Mandy (1952),[15] the headmaster of a school for the deaf. All films ranked among the top ten most popular films at the British box office in 1952 and British exhibitors voted him the fourth most popular British star at the local box office.[16]
Hawkins starred in The Cruel Sea (1953),[15] playing a driven naval officer in World War II. Sir Michael Balcon said: "Even before the script was written, we knew it had to be Jack Hawkins. If he hadn't been free to play the part, then there wouldn't have been a film."[14]The Cruel Sea was the most successful film of the year and saw Hawkins voted the most popular star in Britain regardless of nationality.[17]
According to his Guardian obituary, he "exemplified for many cinemagoers the stiff upper lip tradition prevalent in post-war British films. His craggy looks and authoritative bearing were used to good effect whatever branch of the services he represented."[6]
Malta Story (1953),[15] was another military story, with Hawkins as an RAF officer in the Siege of Malta during the war. It too was a hit, the ninth most popular film in Britain in 1953.[18]
The Seekers (1954),[15] was partly shot in New Zealand and cast Hawkins in a rare romantic role. "My film wives to date usually stay home and knit, or else have conveniently died before the film starts," he said.[19] It was followed by The Prisoner (1955),[15] an unconventional drama, playing the shrewd interrogator in an authoritarian country who gets a respected priest (played by Alec Guinness) to discredit himself. None of these films was commercially successful but Hawkins was still voted the fifth biggest star at the British box office for 1954, and the most popular British one.[20][21] "It's an enviable position, I know", said Hawkins. "But I have to be more careful now about the parts I choose, and it's hard not to offend people. Everyone thinks his own script is the best."[22]
He turned down the role of Colonel Carne in The Glorious Gloucesters for Warwick Films and Captain Cook for a project for the Rank organisation;[5]
"I'm tired of playing decent fellows", he said in a 1954 interview, "with stiff upper lip and even stiffer morals. I'm going to kill them off before they kill me as an actor. And I want stories written for me, not rejects intended for other fellows... I just inherit them from other people. Often, I find they've left the name of the actor originally suggested for the role. Always the same old names ... Errol Flynn, Gregory Peck ... five or six others. Before the script reaches them, somebody remembers me – especially if it's one of those infernally nice characters."[23]
Hawkins played the lead role in a film for John Ford, playing a police officer in Gideon's Day (USA title: Gideon of Scotland Yard) (1958).[15] He had a good role as a double agent in a war film, The Two-Headed Spy (1958) then was given another third lead in a Hollywood blockbuster Ben-Hur (1959), playing the Roman admiral who befriends Charlton Heston. It was even more successful than Bridge on the River Kwai.[15]
He appeared in a heist film considered quite ground-breaking at the time for its references to sex, and popular at the British box office, also providing Hawkins with his final lead role in The League of Gentlemen (1960).[15]
However, though initially sought for the role of a gay barrister in Victim, he turned it down fearing that it might conflict with his masculine image. The role was eventually played by Dirk Bogarde.[26]
Decline as star
A three-packet-a-day chain smoker, Hawkins began experiencing voice problems in the late 1950s; unbeknownst to the public, he had undergone cobalt treatment in 1959 for what was then described as a secondary condition of the larynx, but which was probably cancer.[27]
"There are not all that number of mature leading men around", he said in a 1961 interview. "There seems to be a generation missing. I think people quit going into the acting profession. A lot of them drifted out during the war. And then when the war was over it was difficult for them to get back into the theatre."[29]
In December 1965, Hawkins was diagnosed with throat cancer. His entire larynx was removed in January 1966. In March of that year he appeared at a royal screening of Born Free attended by the Queen and received a standing ovation.[31]
Thereafter, his performances were dubbed, often (with Hawkins's approval) by Robert Rietti or Charles Gray. Hawkins continued to smoke after losing his voice.[32] In private, he used a mechanical larynx to aid his speech.[27]
In 1967 it was reported that he would direct Peter O'Toole in St Patrick's Battalion in Mexico but the film was not made.[33]
Instead he resumed his acting career, with his voice dubbed and dialogue kept to a minimum: Shalako (1968) and Great Catherine (1968). In Oh! What a Lovely War (1969), playing Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria, he had no lines at all. He had an operation to restore his voice in 1968. It did not work; Hawkins could talk but only in a croaking voice.[34]
"The fact that producers are still offering me work is a source of much gratitude to me", he said in 1969. "I flatter myself that when they cast me in a part it's me Jack Hawkins they want and not the person who was once Jack Hawkins... if you know what I mean. And I'm perfectly honest with anyone who hires me. I tell them exactly what they're letting themselves in for."[28]
Hawkins married actress Jessica Tandy in 1932, and the couple divorced in 1940. Together, they had one daughter, Susan Hawkins (1934-2004).[36] In 1947, Hawkins married former actress Doreen Lawrence (1919–2013), together, they had three children, Caroline (b. 1955),[37] Andrew (b. 1950), and Nicholas, and they remained married until his death in 1973.[38][39]
Death
In May 1973, Hawkins had an experimental operation on his throat to insert an artificial voice box. He started haemorrhaging and was admitted to St Stephen's Hospital, Fulham Road, London in June, forcing him to drop out of The Tamarind Seed (1974), in which Hawkins was to have played a Russian general. He died on 18 July 1973,[40] of a secondary haemorrhage. He was 62.[41]
His final appearance was in the television mini-series QB VII. His autobiography, Anything for a Quiet Life, was published after his death. He was cremated and his ashes interred at Golders Green Crematorium in north London.[41]
During the 1950s, British exhibitors consistently voted Hawkins one of the most popular local stars in the country in the annual poll conducted by the Motion Picture Herald:
^ ab"JACK HAWKINS". The Newcastle Sun. No. 11, 178. New South Wales, Australia. 1 April 1954. p. 27. Retrieved 30 October 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
^ ab"Jack Hawkins". The Guardian. 19 July 1973. p. 7.
^Thompson, Howard (4 April 1954). "PORTRAIT OF A FILM IDOL: Britain's Jack Hawkins Gives a Self-Effacing Appraisal of Popularity". The New York Times. p. X5.
^ abcd"Jack's THE BOY IN ENGLAND NOW". Truth. No. 3342. New South Wales, Australia. 14 February 1954. p. 19. Retrieved 30 October 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
^"WORLD NEWS IN BRIEF". The Age. No. 30, 786. Victoria, Australia. 1 January 1954. p. 4. Retrieved 30 October 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
^"I Want To Be Evil". The Newcastle Sun. No. 11, 357. New South Wales. 9 December 1954. p. 33. Retrieved 30 October 2016 – via National Library of Australia. "I Want To Be Evil". The Newcastle Sun. No. 11, 357. New South Wales. 9 December 1954. p. 33. Retrieved 30 October 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
^"Jack Hawkins to direct O'Toole". The Irish Times. 10 July 1967. p. 11.
^"Actor speaks again". The Canberra Times. Vol. 42, no. 12, 018. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 4 June 1968. p. 5. Retrieved 30 October 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
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