Immigration to Peru

Peru's regions are shaded in based on their population.

Immigration to Peru involves the movement of immigrants to Peru from another country. Peru is a multiethnic nation formed by the combination of different groups over five centuries. Amerindians inhabited Peruvian territory for several millennia before Spanish Conquest in the 16th century. Spaniards and Africans arrived in large numbers under the Viceroyalty. Many people from European backgrounds mixed with the Amerindians or Asians creating an entirely new demographic group called "mestizos".

Various European ethnic groups settled in Peru following their 1824 independence from Spain, and the majority settled in the coasts and urban areas like Lima. After the abolition of slavery in 1854, immigrants from countries such as China, Northern Europe, and Japan arrived to do labor work in areas such as farming.[1] In 2005, the UN put the number of immigrants in Peru at 42,000, which accounted for less than 1% of its population. However, a more recent report from the Peruvian Directorate of Migrations has put the number at 64,303. The largest group of foreign residents is from Argentina, which accounts for about 14% of the total with over 9000 Argentineans living in Peru. Immigrants from the United States make up just over 9% of the total with 5,800 US citizens now residing in Peru. Other large groups of immigrants in Peru include Chileans, Bolivians, Colombians, Brazilians, Uruguayans, Spanish and Chinese. The majority of foreign residents in Peru live in Lima, with other communities found in Cusco and Arequipa.

Pre-Colonial and Post-Colonial Patterns

Before colonialism, Andean communities were connected through the coast, jungles, and highlands, as well as Andean centers. As a civilization, they managed to produce, distribute, and exchange goods throughout Peru and the Andes region. When Spanish conquistadors conquered the Andes region, new forms of regulations developed over the land. Trade, Indigenous people, and government institutions were controlled to fit the colonialist mold, with changes in class and power structure. During the colonial period, African and European movement to Peru increased the population's diversity, with the post-colonial immigration patterns increasing due to the expansion of capitalism, industrialization, and urbanization. Lima's population was 4.6 million residents in 1981, in comparison to 645,000 residents in 1940.[2]

Peru's political crisis and rising unemployment rate in the late 1980s and early 1990s caused Peruvians to immigrate to other countries, such as the United States, Japan, Spain, and Italy. The latter three countries had a demand for foreign workers to fill jobs in manufacturing and domestic work. The former implemented policies that made it difficult for immigrants to arrive and stay, including border patrol measures. This happened following the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act granted around 3 million undocumented immigrants legal status. In the mid-1990s, immigration to Argentina and Chile increased due to the proximity of those countries and the ability to enter on a tourist visa. In two or three days, a bus can arrive to Argentina or Chile from Peru.[3]

Current Patterns and Foreigner Demographics

As of 2012, 3.5 million Peruvians have emigrated to other countries, with The United States, Spain, Argentina, Italy, Chile, Japan, and Venezuela containing 90% of them. The foreign population of Peru was 103,654 in 2016, with the top 5 countries represented being Colombia, Spain, the United States, Argentina, and Ecuador. Nearly half of the immigrant population (46.1%) at the time consisted of experts, such as scientists, engineers, teachers, and missionaries. Most immigrants to Peru have a work (44.5%), family (28.7%), or immigrant visa (9.1%).[4] As of 2019, around 800,000 Venezuelan migrants and refugees were located in Peru, and more than 390,000 Venezuelans have been granted temporary residence permits there.[5]

Immigration and Visa Process

Citizens from nearly 100 countries and territories, such as the United States, Canada, Mexico, Jamaica, South Africa, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Brunei, and all countries in South America, the European Union, and Oceania are eligible to enter Peru without a visa and stay for up to 183 days. Other countries, such as Turkey, Georgia, Azerbaijan, United Arab Emirates, China, and every African country except South Africa, are required to apply for a visa before their arrival in Peru at a Peruvian consulate in their country or a nearby country. For a tourist visa, required documents are not limited to a valid passport, proof of citizenship, an application fee, and travel itinerary. Staying on an expired visa will result in paying US$1 for each day overstayed, which is able to be paid at a "Banco de la Nación" branch. If a person is unable to pay the fine, they will have to stay in custody until someone pays it off on their behalf. For a business visa, every foreigner is required to apply for one in advance at a Peruvian Consulate in their country. Obtaining a student, work, or other type of visa has different requirements, depending on the situation. For a business visa, every foreigner is required to apply for one in advance at a Peruvian Consulate in their country. Obtaining a student or work visa has different requirements, depending on the situation.[6]

To obtain permanent residency, a foreigner is required to live in Peru for at least three years. For naturalization, a foreigner must legally reside in Peru for at least two years, given that they own assets in Peru and they were not outside of the country for more than 183 days in one year. If a foreigner is married to a Peruvian citizen, the couple is required to be married for at least two years before the foreigner is able to apply for naturalization. Peru permits dual citizenship, but this does not grant birthright rights to the naturalized person.[7]

Anyone who lives in Peru for more than 183 days in one year is required to pay for taxes, as they are considered a tax resident. The type of tax paid depends on if the person is a tax resident or a non-resident. Tax residents pay their income tax based on their global income and non-residents pay 30% of their Peruvian income on taxes. Starting residency in Peru after June 30 means that one will not become a tax resident until the following calendar year, shall that person still remain in the country after 183 days.[8]

Immigrant population by country of birth

As of 2021, the largest share of immigrants in Peru are from Venezuela, representing 86.8% of foreign citizens in the country.[9]

Country of origin Population (2021)
 Venezuela 1,170,621
 Colombia 44,250
 Ecuador 14,156
 United States 13,444
 Spain 13,393
 Argentina 11,181
 Chile 10,096
 Brazil 9,501
 China 9,041
 Bolivia 7,715
 Mexico 5,130
 Italy 3,664
 France 3,183
 Cuba 2,813
 Germany 2,645
 Uruguay 2,476
 South Korea 1,995
 Great Britain 1,788
 Canada 1,727
 Japan 1,326
Other countries 17,478
Total 1,347,893

References

  1. ^ "Peru - Plant and animal life". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-10-27.
  2. ^ Takenaka, Ayumi; Paerregaard, Karsten; Berg, Ulla (2010). "Introduction: Peruvian Migration in a Global Context". Latin American Perspectives. 37 (5): 3–11. ISSN 0094-582X. JSTOR 25750406.
  3. ^ Takenaka, Ayumi; Paerregaard, Karsten; Berg, Ulla (2010). "Introduction: Peruvian Migration in a Global Context". Latin American Perspectives. 37 (5): 3–11. ISSN 0094-582X. JSTOR 25750406.
  4. ^ Summer, Eva. "How many foreigners live in Peru?". PeruTelegraph. Retrieved 2020-11-18.
  5. ^ "Record number of Venezuelans arrive in Peru: UN steps up response". UN News. 2019-06-16. Retrieved 2020-11-15.
  6. ^ "LimaEasy". LimaEasy.
  7. ^ Citizenship, Dual. "Peru". Dual Citizenship. Retrieved 2020-11-20.
  8. ^ "Simple Tax Guide for Americans in Peru". www.taxesforexpats.com. Retrieved 2020-11-20.
  9. ^ INEI 2021, p. 77.

Bibliography

Read other articles:

Fédération Luxembourgeoise de TennisSportTennisJurisdictionNationalAbbreviation(FLT)FoundedMay 14, 1946 (1946-05-14)[1]AffiliationInternational Tennis FederationRegional affiliationTennis EuropeHeadquartersBvd Hubert Clement, Esch-sur-AlzettePresidentClaude Lamberty[2]Official websitewww.flt.lu The Luxembourg Tennis Federation (French: Fédération Luxembourgeoise de Tennis) is the tennis governing body in Luxembourg and responsible for the development of the ...

 

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (فبراير 2020) الإدارة العامة لمراقبة الجودة والتفتيش والحجر الصحي تفاصيل الوكالة الحكومية البلد الصين  تأسست أبريل 2001،  و2001[1]  تم إنهاؤها 17 مارس 2018[2]  ...

 

Licenza d'uso Pubblico dominio Це зображення було створене в Італії і зараз належить у цій країні до суспільного надбання у зв’язку з закінченням терміну дії авторського права. Згідно з законом № 633 від 22 квітня 1941 року зі змінами, внесеними законом № 128 від 22 травн

Two carousels in the United States Columbia CarouselCalifornia's Great AmericaNameCarousel ColumbiaAreaCelebration PlazaStatusOperatingCost$1,500,000Opening dateMarch 20, 1976; 47 years ago (1976-03-20) Six Flags Great AmericaNameColumbia CarouselAreaCarousel PlazaStatusOperatingCost$1,500,000Opening dateMay 29, 1976; 47 years ago (1976-05-29) Ride statisticsAttraction typeCarouselManufacturerChance RidesModelDouble-Decker CarouselHeight100–101 ft (30

 

1953 film by Krishnan–Panju KangalTheatrical release posterDirected byKrishnan–PanjuWritten byN. V. RajamaniStarringSivaji GanesanPandari BaiS. V. SahasranamamCinematographyR. R. ChandiranEdited byDevarasanMusic byG. RamanathanS. V. VenkatramanProductioncompanyMotion Pictures TeamDistributed byR. P. Pictures[1]Release date 5 November 1953 (1953-11-05) CountryIndiaLanguageTamil Kangal (English: Eyes) is a 1953 Indian Tamil language film, directed by Krishnan–Panju....

 

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. (April 2019) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Uns...

Sporting event delegationBelarus at theOlympicsIOC codeBLRNOCBelarus Olympic CommitteeWebsitewww.noc.by (in Russian and English)MedalsRanked 45th Gold 21 Silver 37 Bronze 47 Total 105 Summer appearances19962000200420082012201620202024Winter appearances19941998200220062010201420182022Other related appearances Russian Empire (1900–1912) Poland (1924–1936) Soviet Union (1952–1988) Unified Team (1992) Athletes from Belarus began their Olympic participation at the 19...

 

2000 film by Joe Charbanic The WatcherTheatrical posterDirected byJoe CharbanicScreenplay byDavid ElliotClay AyersStory byDarcy MeyersDavid ElliotProduced byChristopher EbertsElliott LewittJeff RiceClark PetersonStarring James Spader Marisa Tomei Ernie Hudson Chris Ellis Keanu Reeves CinematographyMichael ChapmanEdited byRichard NordMusic byMarco BeltramiDistributed byUniversal PicturesRelease date September 8, 2000 (2000-09-08) Running time97 minutesCountryUnited StatesLanguag...

 

1965 border clash between Argentina and Chile Laguna del Desierto incidentThe Argentine magazine Gente y la Actualidad called the firefight a battle. In the background, the shelter built by the Chilean CarabinerosDate6 November 1965LocationPuesto Arbilla, to the south of Del Desierto LakeResult Status quo ante bellumBelligerents  Argentina Argentine Gendarmerie  Chile Carabineros de ChileStrength 12 Gendarmes 4 CarabinerosCasualties and losses None 1 killed1 injured2 captured The La...

Television station in Glasgow, Scotland For the UK Channel 3 television licensee in Glasgow, see Scottish Television. Television channel STV GlasgowCountryUnited KingdomBroadcast areaGlasgowHeadquartersPacific Quay, GlasgowProgrammingLanguage(s)EnglishPicture format576i (16:9 SDTV)OwnershipOwnerSTV Group plcSister channelsSTVSTV EdinburghHistoryLaunched2 June 2014Closed23 April 2017Replaced bySTV2LinksWebsitestv.tv/stv2Availability (at time of closure)TerrestrialFreeviewChannel 8 STV Glasgow ...

 

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (يوليو 2019) ديك تشارلزورث معلومات شخصية الميلاد 8 يناير 1932  شفيلد  تاريخ الوفاة 15 أبريل 2008 (76 سنة)   سبب الوفاة نوبة قلبية  مواطنة المملكة المتحدة  الحياة العم...

 

  Concorso a squadre femminileLondra 2012 Informazioni generaliLuogoNorth Greenwich Arena Periodo31 luglio Podio Gabrielle DouglasMcKayla MaroneyAlexandra RaismanKyla RossJordyn Wieber  Stati Uniti Ksenija Afanas'evaAnastasija GrišinaViktorija KomovaAlija MustafinaMarija Paseka  Russia Diana BulimarDiana ChelaruLarisa IordacheSandra IzbașaCătălina Ponor  Romania Edizione precedente e successiva Pechino 2008 Rio de Janeiro 2016 Voce principale: Ginnastica ai Giochi dell...

UK professional body This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.Find sources: Institute of Chartered Foresters – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2020) The Institute of Chartered Foresters (ICF) is the professional body for foresters and arboriculturists in the United Kingdom. Its royal ...

 

Charlottenlund Palace in the winter time Charlottenlund is a suburban area on the coast north of Copenhagen, Denmark. It is the administrative seat of Gentofte Municipality. Bordered to the east by the Øresund, to the South by Hellerup and to the north by Klampenborg, it is one of the wealthiest areas in Denmark. The neighbourhood takes its name after Charlottenlund Palace. History A scene from Charlottenlund Forest In 1733, King Christian VI of Denmark rebuilt the Gyldenlund Palace, renamin...

 

Historic house in Pennsylvania, United States United States historic placeNutting HallU.S. National Register of Historic Places Nutting Hall in 2009Show map of PennsylvaniaShow map of the United StatesLocation205 S. Tulpehocken St., Pine Grove, PennsylvaniaCoordinates40°32′48″N 76°23′5″W / 40.54667°N 76.38472°W / 40.54667; -76.38472Area0.5 acres (0.20 ha)Built1823-1825Built byFilbert, PeterNRHP reference No.80003627[1]Added to NRHPJul...

2010 American filmThe Hooping LifeFilm posterDirected byAmy GoldsteinProduced byAmy GoldsteinAnouchka van RielStarringHoopaliciousBaxterHoopgirlTishaJeffreyKarisGroovehoopsSassArt LinkletterShaquille O’NealMichelle ObamaThe String Cheese IncidentJohn SavageGarry MarshallCinematographyAmy GoldsteinGina DeGirolamoDean ChapmanThe featured hoopersEdited byDawn Hoggatt HollierRelease date April 2010 (2010-04) (Sarasota Film Festival) Running time70 minutesCountryUnited StatesLangua...

 

Stockholm Metro station Solna strandStockholm metro stationPlatformGeneral informationLocationHuvudsta, SolnaCoordinates59°21′15″N 17°58′26″E / 59.35417°N 17.97389°E / 59.35417; 17.97389Elevation8.4 m (28 ft) under sea levelOwned byStorstockholms LokaltrafikPlatforms1 island platformTracks2ConstructionStructure typeUndergroundDepth28 m (92 ft) below groundAccessibleYesOther informationStation codeSSDHistoryOpened18 August 1985; 3...

 

此條目需要补充更多来源。 (2023年2月12日)请协助補充多方面可靠来源以改善这篇条目,无法查证的内容可能會因為异议提出而被移除。致使用者:请搜索一下条目的标题(来源搜索:卡拉傑克矩陣 — 网页、新闻、书籍、学术、图像),以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源(判定指引)。 卡拉傑克矩陣(Kraljic Matrix)的中文翻譯 战略 主要面向 战略 · 战略管...

Hindu equivalent of Hell This article is about the Hindu hell. For the asura (demon) in Hindu scriptures, see Narakasura. The central panel portrays Yama, aided by Chitragupta and Yamadutas, judging the dead. Other panels depict various realms/hells of Naraka. Naraka (Sanskrit: नरक), also called Yamaloka, is the Hindu equivalent of Hell, where sinners are tormented after death.[1] It is also the abode of Yama, the god of Death. It is described as located in the south of the univ...

 

Suffragette mass demonstration, London 1908 Women's SundayPart of first-wave feminismEmmeline Pankhurst and Elizabeth Wolstenholme-Elmy of the Women's Social and Political Union at the head of the processionDate21 June 1908; 115 years ago (1908-06-21)LocationHyde Park, London, England51°30′31″N 0°09′49″W / 51.508611°N 0.163611°W / 51.508611; -0.163611Caused byFight for women's suffrageMethodsMarches, direct actionResulted inUp to 500,000 p...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!