The Hurstbridge Line is a commuter railway line in the city of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.[1] Operated by Metro Trains Melbourne, it is the city's seventh longest metropolitan railway line at 36.7 kilometres (22.8 mi). The line runs from Flinders Street Station in central Melbourne to Hurstbridge Station in the north-east, serving 28 stations via Clifton Hill, Heidelberg, Macleod, Greensborough, Eltham and Diamond Creek.[2] The line operates for approximately 19 hours a day (from approximately 5:00 am to around 12:00 am) with 24 hour service available on Friday and Saturday nights. During peak hour, headways of up to 15 minutes are operated with services every 20–30 minutes during off-peak hours.[3] Trains on the Hurstbridge Line run with a two three-car formations of X'Trapolis 100 trainsets.[4]
Sections of the Hurstbridge Line opened as early as 1888, with the line fully extended to Hurstbridge by 1912. The line was built to connect Melbourne with the rural towns of Greensborough, Eltham, and Hurstbridge, amongst others.
Since the 2010s, due to the heavily utilised infrastructure of the Hurstbridge Line, significant improvements and upgrades have been made. An upgrade of the corridor from Heidelberg Station onwards began construction in 2016 and mostly completed by 2023, with improvements including the removal of level crossings, rebuilding stations, and the duplication of more than 4.5 km (2.8 mi) of track.[5] Other works have included replacing sleepers, upgrading signalling technology, the introduction of new rolling stock, and station accessibility upgrades.[5]
History
19th century
The first section of the Hurstbridge Line opened between Victoria Park then named Collingwood) and Heidelberg in May 1888.[6] At this time, the line was connected to other lines via a line from Royal Park to Clifton Hill, most of which comprised what was later known as the Inner Circle line. This connection was opened at the same time.[7]
The section from Flinders Street to Victoria Park, was built later than the rest of the line, which was originally connected to the suburban system via the now-closed Inner Circle railway line.[8] The section to Victoria Park runs through two tunnels under a low ridge just east of the city, but most of the line runs on an embankment that carries the line above numerous main roads and suburban side streets.
20th century
A more direct connection, between Princes Bridge and Victoria Park (as Collingwood was renamed at the same time) was opened in October 1901.[9] In June the following year, the line was extended to Eltham, and ten years later (in June 1912) to Hurst's Bridge (now Hurstbridge).[10] In 1912, the Mont Park branch line was built branching from Macleod to serve the newly built Mont Park Asylum.[9] Also in 1912, the line between Westgarth and Alphington was duplicated.
In 1919, a branch line opened to the Australian Paper Manufacturers paper mill just after Fairfield. This 1.1-kilometre (0.7 mi) brought freight traffic into the mill for its 75-year lifespan, before its closure in 1994.[11]
In April 1921, automatic signalling was implemented between Princes Bridge and Clifton Hill Station, and a few months later, the line (from Princes Bridge) was electrified to Heidelberg, followed by electrification to Eltham in April 1923, and Hurstbridge in August 1926.[12] In September 1926, the single-track section between Clifton Hill and Westgarth was converted to Lever Locking and Track Control signalling, followed by Alphington Station to Heidelberg in June 1927.[12]
In June 1949, the line between Ivanhoe and Heidelberg was duplicated and provided with automatic signalling.[13] The same was done to the Alphington to Ivanhoe section in December 1951.[13] Duplication continued between Heidelberg and Macleod in December 1958, except for a short section after Heidelberg Station where the line crosses a bridge then goes through a tunnel.[13] That section remained single tracked until 2018 when it was duplicated as part of the Level Crossing Removal Project at Lower Plenty Road near Rosanna Station.[14]
Macleod to Greensborough was duplicated and converted to automatic signalling in August 1979. The duplication also included a number of level crossing removals and a rebuilt Watsonia.[15] Macleod is the only station on the Hurstbridge Line with more than two platforms. A third platform was provided in the 1970s, and is used during peak periods to provide a place at which trains can originate or terminate.[15]
Weekend services commenced through running to Hurstbridge in April 1985.[16] Previously, weekend services between Eltham and Hurstbridge operated as a shuttle service, with passengers required to change trains at Eltham.[16] Prior to the timetable change, the shuttle service was provided by a double ended motored Tait train, and after their withdrawal in 1984, the shuttle service was provided by a 3 car Hitachi or Comeng train.[16]
21st century
In 2009, a short section between Clifton Hill and Westgarth was duplicated, including the construction of a second Merri Creek river crossing at Clifton Hill.[17][18] The rarely used centre running line at Clifton Hill was also removed at this time. One year later, the Burgundy Street bridge near Heidelberg Station was replaced. This bridge was upgraded again in 2019 as part of the Hurstbridge Line Duplication project.[14]
Since 2017, X'Trapolis 100 trains began operating on the line, replacing the Comeng train-sets. The new stock features three doors per side on each carriage with the ability to seat 432 passengers in each six-carriage configuration.[19]
Infrastructure upgrades
Hurstbridge Line Duplication
Stage 1 (Heidelberg to Rosanna)
The logo of the Hurstbridge Line Duplication project.The rebuilt platforms at Rosanna station in March 2020.
In May 2016, the Victorian Government allocated funding for stage one of the Hurstbridge Line Duplication. The first stage involved:[20][14]
Duplicating a 1.2-kilometre (0.75 mi) section of track between Heidelberg and Rosanna
The removal of two level crossings at Grange Road, Alphington and Lower Plenty Road, Rosanna
A newly elevated Rosanna Station
The construction of a second rail bridge over Burgundy Street in Heidelberg
The construction of a second tunnel for Flinders Street-bound trains under Darebin Street
Construction was coordinated on the level crossing removals and duplication so both projects would be delivered more efficiently, with fewer disruptions to passengers while work is carried out. Early works on the duplication began in June 2016, with major construction started in March 2017. On 6 October of that year, the former ground Rosanna Station closed for demolition. The 6-week 24/7 major construction blitz began on 16 March 2018 with the closure of the rail corridor to allow construction to ramp up. The new elevated Rosanna Station opened with the duplication of the single-track section completed on 30 April 2018, with 35 new and extended weekly train services between Eltham Station and the city loop introduced on 26 August of that year.
Stage 2 (Greensborough to Montmorency and Diamond Creek to Wattle Glen)
In May 2019, a second stage of track duplication was announced. When announced, the second stage originally involved:[5]
Duplicating 3 km (1.9 mi) of track between Greensborough and Eltham and 1.5 km (0.93 mi) of track between Diamond Creek and Wattle Glen
The full reconstruction of Greensborough and Montmorency stations
The extension of platform 2 at Diamond Creek Station
Under this plan, the heritage listed Eltham Trestle Bridge would be retained as that section of track did not need to be duplicated due to other improvements on the line.[21][5] However, in June 2021, it was announced that the Greensborough to Eltham duplication was cut back to 2 km (1.2 mi) of track between Greensborough and Montmorency stations.[22] This was to avoid affecting an endangered Eltham copper butterfly habitat near Montmorency Station that was not discovered during prior environmental assessments of the project. The state government opted to cut back the duplication rather than to go through additional lengthy environmental approval processes, while claiming the revised duplication would not reduce the service frequency that was originally promised.[23][24] The Eltham Trestle Bridge remained unaffected by the revised duplication. The rest of the second stage also proceeded as planned.
Site investigations commenced in 2020, with early works on the corridor started in 2021 and construction kicked off throughout 2022, with a 2-week closure in September of that year seeing the raising of the second Plenty River rail bridge as well as other works. The 6-week 24/7 major construction blitz began on 16 March 2023 with the closure of the rail corridor to allow duplication works to ramp up. The duplication and opening of the new Greensborough and Montmorency stations occurred on 30 April 2023.[25] Other works including landscaping, the construction of car-parking, and other final works all completed in late 2023.
Level Crossing Removals
Delivered in conjunction with the Hurstbridge Line Duplication project, the Level Crossing Removal Project has announced the removal of 3 level crossings on the line, to be completed in stages from 2018 to 2027. In 2018, 2 level crossings were removed at Grange Road, Alphington and Lower Plenty Road, Rosanna. The crossing at Grange Road in Alphington involved lowering the rail line into a trench under the road, with the rail line being elevated at Lower Plenty Road to create a rail bridge over the road.[26][27] As part of this removal, Rosanna Station was rebuilt.[28] In the lead up to the 2022 Victorian state election, the incumbent Andrews government announced the construction of a rail bridge to remove the level crossing at Ruthven Street near Macleod Station by 2027.[29] At the end of these removals, the Hurstbridge Line will have 13 remaining crossings on the corridor that aren't slated for removal.
Network and operations
Services
Services on the Hurstbridge line operates from approximately 5:00 am to around 12:00 daily.[1] In general, during peak hours, train frequency is 10–20 minutes in the AM peak on the Hurstbridge line while during non-peak hours the frequency is reduced to 20–30 minutes throughout the entire route.[3] After Eltham, frequencies are reduced due to infrastructure constraints. On Friday nights and weekends, services run 24 hours a day, with 60 minute frequencies available outside of normal operating hours.[30]
Train services on the Hurstbridge line are also subjected to maintenance and renewal works, usually on selected Fridays and Saturdays. Shuttle bus services are provided throughout the duration of works for affected commuters.[31]
Stopping patterns
Legend — Station status
◼ Premium Station – Station staffed from first to last train
◻ Host Station – Usually staffed during morning peak, however this can vary for different stations on the network.
Legend — Stopping patterns
Some services do not operate via the City Loop
● – All trains stop
◐ – Some services do not stop
▲ – Only inbound trains stop
▼ – Only outbound trains stop (trains operate clockwise through the city loop all day)
The Hurstbridge line has had a total of 6 operators since its opening in 1888. The majority of operations throughout its history have been government run: from its first service in 1888 until the 1999 privatisation of Melbourne's rail network, four different government operators have run the line.[33] These operators, Victorian Railways, the Metropolitan Transit Authority, the Public Transport Corporation, and Hillside Trains have a combined operational length of 111 years. Hillside Trains was privatised in August 1999 and later rebranded Connex Melbourne. Metro Trains Melbourne, the current private operator, then took over the operations in 2009. Both private operators have had a combined operational period of 25 years.[34]
Past and present operators of the Hurstbridge line:
The Hurstbridge line forms a highly curved route from Flinders Street railway station in Melbourne CBD to its terminus at Hurstbridge. The route is 36.7 kilometres (22.8 mi) long and is double track up to Montmorency, with an additional section of double track between Wattle Glen and Diamond Creek; the remainder of the line is single track. The Hurstbridge line traverses both flat and hilly country with large amounts of curves and fairly significant earthworks for large parts of the line. The line uses the Clifton Hill tunnel of the City Loop, and travels through the only other three rail tunnels in Victoria, although none of them are particularly long or deep. Sections of the line have been elevated onto a rail bridge or lowered into a cutting to eliminate level crossings.[36] The line features four of the largest bridges on the suburban network: twin bridges over the Merri Creek running between Clifton Hill and Westgarth station, another on the up side of Darebin station, crossing the Darebin Creek, and the heritage-listed wooden trestle bridge running across the Diamond Creek in Eltham.[37][38] At 195 m (640 ft) in length, this bridge is one of the longest curved wooden trestle bridge in use on a revenue railway in the southern hemisphere, and is the only wooden bridge still in use on a revenue railway in Melbourne.[38] Despite some removals, there are a large number of level crossings still present with no current plans to remove them, including a few private level crossings towards the end of the line.[39][better source needed]
The line follows the same alignment as the Mernda line up to Clifton Hill. After departing Clifton Hill, the Mernda line heads north with the Hurstbridge line taking a windy alignment heading in an eastern direction.[40] Almost all of the line goes through built-up suburbs, however, the line becomes more peri-urban towards its terminus in Hurstbridge.[40]
Stations
The line serves 28 stations across 36.7 kilometres (22.8 mi) of track. The stations are a mix of elevated, lowered, underground, and ground level designs. Underground stations are present only in the City Loop, with the majority of elevated and lowered stations being constructed as part of level crossing removals.[41]
One of Metro Trains Melbourne's infrastructure evaluation vehicles, the IEV100 used to evaluate the condition of the track.
The Hurstbridge line uses X'Trapolis 100electric multiple unit (EMU) trains operating in a two three-car configuration, with three doors per side on each carriage and can accommodate of up to 432 seated passengers in each six car configuration.[44] The trains were originally built between 2002 and 2004 as well as between 2009 and 2020 with a total of 212 three-car sets constructed. The trains are shared with 7 other metropolitan train lines and have been in service since 2003.[44]
Alongside the passenger trains, Hurstbridge line tracks and equipment are maintained by a fleet of engineering trains. The four types of engineering trains are: the shunting train; designed for moving trains along non-electrified corridors and for transporting other maintenance locomotives, for track evaluation; designed for evaluating track and its condition, the overhead inspection train; designed for overhead wiring inspection, and the infrastructure evaluation carriage designed for general infrastructure evaluation.[45] Most of these trains are repurposed locomotives previously used by V/Line, Metro Trains, and the Southern Shorthaul Railroad.[45]
Accessibility
Rosanna station, rebuilt in 2018, includes lifts, tactile boarding indicators, and other accessible features.
In compliance with the Disability Discrimination Act of 1992, all stations that are new-built or rebuilt are fully accessible and comply with these guidelines.[46] Just over half of the stations on the corridor are fully accessible, however, there are some stations that haven't been upgraded to meet these guidelines.[47] These stations do feature ramps, however, they have a gradient greater than 1 in 14.[47] Stations that are fully accessible feature ramps that have a gradient less than 1 in 14, have at-grade paths, or feature lifts.[47] These stations typically also feature tactile boarding indicators, independent boarding ramps, wheelchair accessible myki barriers, hearing loops, and widened paths.[47][48]
Projects improving station accessibility have included the Level Crossing Removal Project, which involves station rebuilds and upgrades, and individual station upgrade projects.[49][50] These works have made significant strides in improving network accessibility, with more than 61% of Hurstbridge line stations classed as fully accessible. Future station upgrade projects will continue to increase the number of fully accessible stations overtime.
Signalling
The Hurstbridge line uses three position signalling which is widely used across the Melbourne train network.[51] Three position signalling was first introduced on the line in 1921, with the final section of the line converted to the new type of signalling in 2013.[52] Until early 2013, the Hurstbridge line was the last electrified railway in Melbourne to use a token system of safeworking. The Greensborough to Eltham section was controlled by the miniature electric staff system, and Eltham to Hurstbridge section by the staff and ticket system. If required, the latter section could be divided into two at Diamond Creek, to allow trains to cross at that station. In conjunction with these systems, trains through Greensborough, Eltham, and Hurstbridge stations continued to be controlled by some semaphore signals.[53] In the first few months of 2013, the staff systems and semaphore signals were replaced by electronic three-position coloured light signalling, controlled remotely from Epping.[54] The Greensborough-Diamond Creek section was converted on 3 February 2013, and the Diamond Creek-Hurstbridge section was converted on 22 March 2013.[55]
References
^ ab"Hurstbridge Line". Public Transport Victoria. Archived from the original on 7 September 2018. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
^"THE DIAMOND VALLEY RAILWAY". Evelyn Observer, and South and East Bourke Record. 9 October 1891. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
^ abS.E. Dornan and R.G. Henderson (1979). Electric Railways of Victoria. Australian Electric Traction Society. ISBN0-909459-06-1.
^S Cauchi (November 1994). "Closure of the Australian Paper Ltd siding at Fairfield". Newsrail. Australian Railway Historical Society (Victorian Division). pp. 328–331.
^ ab"HURST-BRIDGE LINE". Age. 5 November 1925. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
^ abc"Extra Rail Line". Herald. 30 January 1947. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
^"Franchise Agreement - Train"(PDF). 1 March 2014. Archived from the original on 1 March 2014. Retrieved 17 February 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
^Victoria’s Big Build (21 June 2022). "Grange Road, Alphington". Victoria’s Big Build. Archived from the original on 25 March 2023. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
^Victoria’s Big Build (21 June 2022). "Lower Plenty Road, Rosanna". Victoria’s Big Build. Archived from the original on 25 March 2023. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
^Victoria’s Big Build (24 February 2023). "Ruthven Street, Macleod". Victoria’s Big Build. Archived from the original on 25 March 2023. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
^Victoria’s Big Build (17 October 2022). "Urban design framework". Victoria’s Big Build. Archived from the original on 3 January 2023. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
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