First Man (film)

First Man
Theatrical release poster
Directed byDamien Chazelle
Screenplay byJosh Singer
Based onFirst Man
by James R. Hansen
Produced by
Starring
CinematographyLinus Sandgren
Edited byTom Cross
Music byJustin Hurwitz
Production
companies
Distributed byUniversal Pictures
Release dates
  • August 29, 2018 (2018-08-29) (Venice)
  • October 12, 2018 (2018-10-12) (United States)
Running time
141 minutes[1]
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget
Box office$105.7 million[4]

First Man is a 2018 American biographical drama film directed by Damien Chazelle from a screenplay by Josh Singer, based on the 2005 book by James R. Hansen. The film stars Ryan Gosling as Neil Armstrong, alongside Claire Foy, Jason Clarke, Kyle Chandler, Corey Stoll, Christopher Abbott, and Ciarán Hinds, and follows the years leading up to the Apollo 11 mission to the Moon in 1969.

The project was originally announced in 2003, with Clint Eastwood slated to direct. After that rendition fell through, Chazelle, Gosling and Singer all signed on by 2015, and principal photography began in Atlanta in November 2017.

First Man had its premiere at the Venice Film Festival on August 29, 2018, and was released in the United States on October 12, by Universal Pictures. The film received critical acclaim, particularly regarding the direction, Gosling and Foy's performances, musical score, and the Moon landing sequence. However the film underperformed at the box office, grossing $105.7 million worldwide on a $59 million production budget. It received numerous accolades, including four nominations at the 91st Academy Awards (winning Best Visual Effects).

Plot

In 1961, NASA test pilot Neil Armstrong is flying the X-15 rocket-powered spaceplane when it unexpectedly bounces off the atmosphere when Armstrong attempts his initial descent. Although he manages to land the plane in the Mojave Desert, his colleagues express concern that his recent record of mishaps is due to distraction.

His 2-year-old daughter, Karen, is undergoing treatment for a brain tumor. Desperate to save her, Neil keeps a detailed log of her symptoms and researches possible treatments, but she dies soon afterward. Grief-stricken and suspecting he has been grounded, Armstrong applies for Project Gemini and is accepted to NASA Astronaut Group 2. With his wife Janet, and their son Rick, Neil moves to Houston alongside other astronaut families. He befriends Elliot See, another civilian test pilot, and Ed White. As Armstrong begins training, Deke Slayton impresses upon the new astronauts the importance of the Gemini program, as the Soviet Union had reached every milestone in the Space Race ahead of the United States. Neil and Janet have a second son, Mark.

In 1965, after the Soviets complete the first extravehicular activity (EVA), Armstrong is informed that he will command Gemini 8, with David Scott as the pilot. Prior to the mission, See and Charles Bassett are killed in a T-38 crash, deepening Armstrong's grief at the string of recent losses. Armstrong and Scott successfully launch on Gemini 8 and dock with the Agena target vehicle, but soon afterward, a malfunction causes the spacecraft to roll at an increasingly dangerous rate. After nearly blacking out, Armstrong activates the RCS thrusters and safely aborts the mission. He initially faces criticism, but NASA determines the crew is not at fault and the mission is rated a "success".

Later, White reveals that he has been selected for the Apollo 1 mission, along with Gus Grissom and Roger Chaffee. During a launch rehearsal test on January 27, 1967, a fire kills White and the Apollo 1 crew. Armstrong learns the news while representing NASA at the White House. The next year, after Armstrong ejects from the Lunar Landing Research Vehicle in an accident that could have killed him, Slayton informs Armstrong that he has been selected to command Apollo 11, which will likely attempt the first lunar landing. As the mission nears, Armstrong becomes increasingly preoccupied and emotionally distant from his family. Prior to the launch, Janet confronts Neil about the possibility that he might not survive the flight and insists that he explain the risks of the mission to their young sons. After telling them about the risks he faces, Armstrong says goodbye to his family.

Three days after launch, Apollo 11 enters lunar orbit. Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin undock in the Lunar Module Eagle and begin the landing. The landing site terrain turns out to be much rougher than expected, forcing Armstrong to take manual control of the spacecraft. He lands Eagle successfully at an alternative site with less than 30 seconds of fuel remaining. After setting foot on the Moon, Armstrong utters his famous line, "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind." Later he drops Karen's bracelet into Little West crater. With their mission complete, the astronauts return home and are placed in quarantine, where they watch footage of John F. Kennedy's 1962 speech "We choose to go to the Moon" on television, and Neil and Janet share a moment of tenderness.

Cast

Production

Development

In early 2003, actor-director Clint Eastwood and production people at the Warner Bros. studio bought the film rights to James R. Hansen's First Man: The Life of Neil A. Armstrong. Eastwood had previously directed as well as starred in the 2000 space-themed picture Space Cowboys, though he stated that he would likely not appear on camera in First Man.[6]

Universal and DreamWorks ultimately took up the First Man project in the mid-2010s.[7] Damien Chazelle, who had received critical acclaim for his work on 2014's Whiplash, signed on to the film's production that year, and hired Josh Singer to rewrite an existing script.[8] Gosling, who starred in Chazelle's 2016 film La La Land, joined as well to portray Armstrong in November 2015, and Hansen was hired to co-produce the film because of his role as the book's author.[9][10] Wyck Godfrey and Marty Bowen also produced the film through Temple Hill Entertainment, with pre-production starting in March 2017.[11][8] Actor Jon Bernthal was originally attached to the project and was cast as David Scott, but had to depart the production when his daughter suffered a serious illness.[12] PIX Systems were used to aid in the production of this film.[13]

Filming

Mockup of X-15-3 on set at Edwards Air Force Base

Principal photography began in Atlanta, Georgia, in November 2017.[14] Chazelle and cinematographer Linus Sandgren chose to shoot the film in three different formats: Super 16mm, 35mm Techniscope & Super 35 3-perf, and IMAX 70mm film for the Moon sequence.[15] The 16mm format was used in most of the scenes that occur inside the spacecraft and 35mm film was used for the scenes that take place in the Armstrong house and around the NASA facility.[16]

First Man was shot without the use of green screen. Instead, LED displays of up to 10 meters were used. These projected images that would simulate views of the Earth, space and lunar surface as seen from inside (or just outside) aircraft and spacecraft depicted in the film. Next to the screens, several simulators of spacecraft were built. These were programmed to move synchronized with the images on the curved LED screens that could be seen through the windows. Chazelle chose this technique to help the actors to feel like the astronauts; instead of seeing a green screen, they saw the outside environment recreated with visual effects. Miniatures were used for several exterior shots of the spacecraft.[17]

To recreate Armstrong's home, the production crew built a replica of it in an empty lot. The lunar surface was simulated by sculpting the landscape of a Vulcan rock quarry just south of Atlanta.[17] Chazelle filmed these sequences at night, using a custom 200,000-watt light to duplicate the effect of sunlight on the surface.[18] For the simulation of low gravity on the lunar surface, a balancing system calibrated for the actors was constructed.[16] NASA historian Christian Gelzer, as well as astronauts Al Bean (from Apollo 12) and Al Worden (from Apollo 15), were on set as technical consultants.[19]

Visual effects

Paul Lambert served as the main visual effects supervisor. Visual effects for the film were provided by DNEG. To create the images that would be displayed on the LED screens, Terragen, a scenery generation program, was used. Additionally, archival footage such as that of an Apollo launch was used, found by DNEG in a 70mm military stock that had not been seen before. These shots were then cleaned up and extended on each side of the frame.[17] Chazelle believed that it was important that the space scenes in the film matched what people knew from the historical footage, and using the historical footage itself made this possible.[20]

Costumes

The pressure suits used in the film were made by prop maker Ryan Nagata. His work on the film includes the A/P22S-2 worn in the beginning of the movie, the ejection seat harness on the Gemini suits, and the gloves used on the Lunar Extra Vehicular Activity (EVA) scene along with the Communications Carrier Assembly or "Snoopy cap", and a urine collection device. The Gemini, Apollo I, and Apollo A7L suits were made by Global Effects Inc, and were used throughout the section of the movie devoted to Apollo 11.[21]

Soundtrack

The musical score for First Man was composed by Justin Hurwitz. The score was performed by a 94-piece orchestra, with instruments such as the electronic theremin and Moog synthesizer, as well as vintage sound-altering machines including Leslie speakers and an Echoplex, in order to balance vintage and electronic sounds.[22][23] The score album released on October 12, 2018, by Back Lot Music and received praise from critics, especially for its balance of softer melodic passages and powerful themes.[24][25]

Release

The film had its world premiere at the Venice Film Festival on August 29, 2018.[26][27][28] It screened at the Telluride Film Festival on August 31, 2018,[29][30] and at the Toronto International Film Festival in IMAX at the Ontario Place Cinesphere on September 9, 2018.[31][32] It was theatrically released in the United States on October 12, 2018, by Universal Pictures.[33]

Reception

Box office

First Man grossed $44.9 million in the United States and Canada, and $60.7 million in other territories, for a total worldwide gross of $105.6 million, against a production budget of $59 million.[4]

In the United States and Canada, First Man was released alongside Goosebumps 2: Haunted Halloween and Bad Times at the El Royale, and was projected to gross $18–25 million from 3,640 theaters in its opening weekend.[34][35] The film made $5.8 million on its first day, including $1.1 million from Thursday night previews at 2,850 theaters. It went on to debut to $16 million, finishing third at the box office behind holdovers Venom and A Star Is Born.[1] Anthony D'Alessandro of Deadline Hollywood stated that the under-performance was less a matter of any controversy involving the American flag and more to do with the 141 minute runtime and the film's focus on drama,[1] although Forbes speculated the backlash played a factor.[36] Michael Cieply, also of Deadline, acknowledged that the flag controversy drew Internet criticism and that it could have hurt the film's performance at the box office.[37] The film fell 47% in its second weekend, grossing $8.6 million and finishing fifth, and then made $4.9 million in its third week, finishing seventh.[38][39]

Critical response

On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 87% based on 468 reviews, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "First Man uses a personal focus to fuel a look back at a pivotal moment in human history – and takes audiences on a soaring dramatic journey along the way."[40] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 84 out of 100, based on 56 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[41] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale, while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it a 79% positive score.[1]

Ryan Gosling and Claire Foy's performances received praise from critics.

Owen Gleiberman of Variety called the film "so revelatory in its realism, so gritty in its physicality, that it becomes a drama of thrillingly hellbent danger and obsession."[42] Writing for IndieWire, Michael Nordine awarded the film a B+, describing it as "A powerful experience that will inspire renewed awe of what Armstrong and his ilk did." Nordine praised the opening flight sequence, Gosling's performance and Chazelle's direction.[43] Peter Howell of the Toronto Star praised the Moon landing sequence, writing: "When the Eagle finally lands on the moon in First Man, the picture truly soars."[44] Nicholas Barber of the BBC gave it a five-star rating, stating that "Gosling and Foy's performances in First Man are probably too unshowy to win awards. But they should, because they could hardly have been bettered. The same goes for the whole of this extraordinary film."[45]

A. O. Scott, of The New York Times, wrote that the film "gets almost everything right, but it's also strangely underwhelming. It reminds you of an extraordinary feat and acquaints you with an interesting, enigmatic man. But there is a further leap beyond technical accomplishment – into meaning, history, metaphysics or the wilder zones of the imagination – that the film is too careful, too earthbound, to attempt."[46] Anthony Lane of The New Yorker said the film "captures the grandeur and otherness of the Apollo saga, but not the Midwestern modesty of its hero, Neil Armstrong," writing: "Skillful and compelling this film may be, but, if Neil Armstrong had been the sort of fellow who was likely to cry on the moon, he wouldn't have been the first man chosen to go there. He would have been the last."[47]

Richard Brody, also of The New Yorker, said First Man would appeal to right-wing proponents as "a film of deluded, cultish longing for an earlier era of American life, one defined not by conservative politics but, rather, by a narrow and regressive emotional perspective that shapes and distorts the substance of the film."[48] Armond White of the National Review gave the film a negative review, writing: "... director Damien Chazelle aims to give a realistic, procedural account of Armstrong's journey, yet the poetry never happens. Chazelle's take is dour, deliberately unromantic."[49]

Top ten lists

First Man was listed on numerous critics' top ten lists for 2018.[50]

Accolades

First Man received ten nominations at the 24th Critics' Choice Awards, where it won for Best Editing and Best Score.[54][55]

At the 76th Golden Globe Awards, where Claire Foy had been nominated for Best Supporting Actress, Hurwitz again won the award for Best Original Score,[56][57] The film was nominated for seven categories at the 72nd British Academy Film Awards, but did not win any. At the 91st Academy Awards, the film was nominated in four categories including Best Sound Mixing, Best Sound Editing and Best Production Design, with the film's visual effects team of Paul Lambert, Ian Hunter, Tristan Myles and J. D. Schwalm winning the award for Best Visual Effects.[58]

American flag controversy

On August 31, 2018, it was reported that the film would not include a scene of Armstrong and Aldrin planting the American flag on the Moon. Florida Senator Marco Rubio described the omission as "total lunacy". Chazelle responded with a statement, saying: "I show the American flag standing on the lunar surface, but the flag being physically planted into the surface is one of several moments [...] that I chose not to focus upon. To address the question of whether this was a political statement, the answer is no. My goal with this movie was to share with audiences the unseen, unknown aspects of America's mission to the Moon."[59] United States President Donald Trump commented on the omission: "It's almost like they're embarrassed at the achievement coming from America, I think it's a terrible thing. When you think of Neil Armstrong and when you think of the landing on the moon, you think about the American flag. For that reason, I wouldn't even want to watch the movie."[60] Following the film's below-expectations opening of $16 million, some analysts speculated that the flag controversy was in part to blame.[36][37][61]

Janet Armstrong

The film revived international interest in Armstrong's first wife, Janet, who plays a central part in the film.[62][63][64] She died a few months before the film's release.[65]

Factual remarks

During Armstrong's 1961 flight in an X-15, the rocket plane begins "ballooning" (i.e., bouncing off the top of the atmosphere). The view out the window shows a carpet of clouds just below the wings. However, Armstrong was at 120,000 feet, about twice the altitude at which even the highest clouds form.[66]

Armstrong learns in the same conversation that he will command Apollo 11 and become the first man on the Moon. Apollo astronauts were assigned to their crews sometimes years in advance. For the two-plus years leading up to Apollo 11 it was assumed that the first lunar landing would not be attempted until Apollo 12, 13 or even 14.[66]

On the lunar surface, Armstrong spends a few minutes alone at Little West Crater. He opens his gloved hand to reveal his daughter Karen's tiny bracelet and drops it into the crater. While Armstrong did visit the crater, there is no historical record that he brought the bracelet with him to the Moon.[66]

See also

References

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Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Pepesan Kosong – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Pepesan Kosong adalah serial situasi komedi yang pernah ditayangkan di TPI sejak tahun 1993 hingga 1995, setiap hari Senin–Jumat pada ...

 

 

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (ديسمبر 2018) محافظة عمَّان. تتناول هذه القائمة المواقع الأثرية المسجَّلة رسمياً لدى دائرة الآثار العامة التابعة لوزار

Hotel Avenida Palace Inmueble de interés público LocalizaciónPaís PortugalLocalidad Santa JustaUbicación Santa Maria MaiorCoordenadas 38°42′53″N 9°08′29″O / 38.714809, -9.141281Información generalDeclaración 1977Inauguración 1891http://www.hotelavenidapalace.pt/hotel-overviewhtml[editar datos en Wikidata] El Hotel Avenida Palace es un hotel histórico de Lisboa. Fue construido entre 1890 y 1892 por la Companhia dos Caminhos de Ferro Portugueses, par...

 

 

У Вікіпедії є статті про інші значення цього терміна: Куза-Воде. комуна Куза-ВодеCuza Vodă Країна  Румунія Повіт  Констанца Поштові індекси 907041 Телефонний код +40 241 (Romtelecom, TR)+40 341 (інші оператори) Координати 44°17′13″ пн. ш. 28°18′26″ сх. д.H G O Висота 24 м.н.р.м. Площа 49,2 ...

 

 

Abdullatif bin Rashid Al ZayaniArab: عبداللطيف بن راشد الزيانيAbdullatif bin Rashid Al Zayani pada 2019Menteri Urusan Luar Negeri BahrainPetahanaMulai menjabat 11 Februari 2020Penguasa monarkiHamad bin Isa Al KhalifaPerdana MenteriSalman bin Hamad Al KhalifaPendahuluKhalid bin Ahmed Al KhalifaSekretaris-Jenderal Dewan Negara TelukMasa jabatan1 April 2011 – 1 April 2020PendahuluAbdul Rahman bin Hamad Al AttiyahPenggantiNayef bin Falah Al-Hajraf Informas...

Coordenadas: 44° 56' N 9° 17' E Canevino    Comuna   Localização CanevinoLocalização de Canevino na Itália Coordenadas 44° 56' N 9° 17' E Região Lombardia Província Pavia Características geográficas Área total 4 km² População total 132 hab. Densidade 33 hab./km² Altitude 511 m Outros dados Comunas limítrofes Caminata (PC), Montecalvo Versiggia, Nibbiano (PC), Rocca de' Giorgi, Ruino, Volpara Código ISTAT 018028 Códig...

 

 

Про місто в Японії див. Хіросіма. Про ядерні атаки на японські міста Хіросіма і Нагасакі див. Ядерне бомбардування Хіросіми і Нагасакі. «Hiroshima» Файл:HiroshimaBook.jpgАвтор John HerseyМова EnglishТема ядерне бомбардування Хіросіми і НаґасакіЖанр нон-фікшн, crônicad і Журналістське роз...

 

 

دوري أيرلندا الشمالية الممتاز 2014–15 تفاصيل الموسم دوري أيرلندا الشمالية الممتاز  النسخة 7،  و114  البلد المملكة المتحدة  التاريخ بداية:10 أغسطس 2014  نهاية:26 أبريل 2015  المنظم دوري أيرلندا الشمالية الممتاز  البطل نادي كروسيدرز  مباريات ملعوبة 228   عدد المشار

French sports newspaper For other uses, see Équipe (disambiguation). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: L'Équipe – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) L'ÉquipeThe front page of L'Équipe on 4 July 2011TypeDaily newspaper...

 

 

18°19′00″N 65°47′00″W / 18.31666667°N 65.78333333°W / 18.31666667; -65.78333333 غابة اليونكي الوطنية IUCN التصنيف VI (مناطق محمية لإدارة الموارد البشرية)    البلد الولايات المتحدة  تعديل مصدري - تعديل   غابة اليونكي الوطنية عرفت سابقاَ باسم غابة لوكيلو الوطنية والغابة الوطنية الكار...

 

 

Bahía de Cartagena de Indias Panorama de la bahía de Cartagena de IndiasUbicación geográficaContinente América del SurOcéano Mar CaribeCoordenadas 10°21′54″N 75°31′48″O / 10.365, -75.53Ubicación administrativaPaís Colombia ColombiaDivisión  BolívarCuerpo de aguaSuperficie 82 km²Profundidad Media: 16 mMáxima: 30 mPrimera exploración 1499 (Alonso de Ojeda)Fundación de Cartagena de Indias 1533 (Pedro de Heredia)Mapa de localización Bahía de Car...

Kim Da YeonLahirKim Da-yeon (김다연)2 Maret 2003 (umur 20)Seoul, Korea SelatanTinggi158 cm (5 ft 2 in)Berat41 kg (90 pon) (90 pon) Kim Da Yeon (김다연; lahir 2 Maret 2003) adalah seorang penyanyi dan penari Korea Selatan yang berada di bawah naungan Jellyfish Entertainment. Ia dikenal karena menjadi peserta acara survival realitas, Produce 48 dan Girls Planet 999, dimana ia meraih peringkat keempat, menjadikannya anggota grup vokal perempuan Kep1er. Karir P...

 

 

Russische Kfz-Kennzeichen der aktuellen Serie sind in der Regel weiß mit schwarzer Schrift, üblicherweise mit einem Buchstaben, drei Ziffern und anschließend zwei Buchstaben, gefolgt von einem abgetrennten Feld, dessen Zahlenangabe Auskunft über die Herkunft des Fahrzeugs gibt. Ein Befahren des eigenen Staatsgebietes mit den russischen Kennzeichen für die besetzten Gebiete (Krim: 82, 92; Süd- und Ostukraine: 184, 185) ist von Seiten der Ukraine, aber auch in anderen Ländern wie z. ...

 

 

Transistor efek medan sambunganSimbol TipeKomponen aktifKategoriTransistor FETPenemuJohn Bardeen, Walter Houser Brattain dan William Shockley (1947)Komponen sejenisMOSFETKemasan3 kaki (gerbang, cerat, sumber)lbs Arus listrik dari sumber ke cerat dalam JFET kanal-p dikurangi jika tegangan diberikan ke gerbang. Transistor efek medan sambungan (TEMS, JFET atau JUGFET) adalah tipe paling sederhana dari transistor efek medan. Ini dapat digunakan sebagai sebuah sakelar terkendali elektronik atau re...

Capital region of Belgium This article is about the Brussels-Capital Region. For the municipality within it, which is the de jure national capital, see City of Brussels. For other places, see Brussels (disambiguation). Region of Belgium with 19 municipalities, including Brussels CityBrussels Bruxelles (French)Brussel (Dutch)RegionBrussels-Capital RegionRégion de Bruxelles-Capitale (French)Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest (Dutch)A collage with several views of Brussels, Top:...

 

 

Indian Parsi family This article contains wording that promotes the subject in a subjective manner without imparting real information. Please remove or replace such wording and instead of making proclamations about a subject's importance, use facts and attribution to demonstrate that importance. (October 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) The Godrej family is an Indian Gujarati Parsi family[1] that manages and largely owns the Godrej Group of company- a conglom...

 

 

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Me and You Camouflage song – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) 2003 single by CamouflageMe and YouSingle by Camouflagefrom the album Sensor B-sidePerfectReleasedApril 2003Recorded200...

Ukrainische Meisterschaft 2018 Austragungsort BK Armada,Saporischschja, Ukraine Eröffnung 27. September 2018 Endspiel 1. Oktober 2018 Disziplin Freie Pyramide Sieger Herren Maksym Lawrynenko Damen Ljubow Schyhajlowa ← 2017 2019 → Die ukrainische Freie-Pyramide-Meisterschaft 2018 war ein Billardturnier, das vom 27. September bis 1. Oktober 2018 im BK Armada in Saporischschja stattfand.[1][2][3] Ermittelt wurden die nationalen Meister der Ukra...

 

 

This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Damsa Dam – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Dam in Nevşehir, TurkeyDamsa DamLocationÜrgüp, Nevşehir, TurkeyConstruction began1965Opening date1971Dam and spillwaysHeight34.5 mReservoirC...

 

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!