Eumastacidae

Eumastacidae
Eumastax sp. from Colombia showing typical posture
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Orthoptera
Suborder:	Caelifera
Superfamily:	Eumastacoidea
Family:	Eumastacidae Burr, 1898
Subfamilies
Eumastacinae Gomphomastacinae Masynteinae Morseinae Paramastacinae Parepisactinae Pseudomastacinae Temnomastacinae

Eumastacidae are a family of grasshoppers sometimes known as monkey- or matchstick grasshoppers. They usually have thin legs that are held folded at right angles to the body, sometimes close to the horizontal plane. Many species are wingless and the head is at an angle with the top of the head often jutting above the line of the thorax and abdomen. They have three segmented tarsi and have a short antenna with a knobby organ at the tip. They do not have a prosternal spine or tympanum. Most species are tropical and the diversity is greater in the Old World. They are considered primitive within the Orthoptera and feed on algae, ferns and gymnosperms, the more ancient plant groups.^[1]

The families Chorotypidae and Morabidae were formerly included in this group as subfamilies but are now considered as families within the Eumastacoidea. With the exception of the central Asian Gomphomastacinae, all other subfamilies are restricted to South America.^[2]

Subfamilies and genera

The Orthoptera Species File lists the following:^[3]

Eumastacinae

Auth.: Burr, 1899 - central and south America

1. Amedegnatomastax Cadena-Castañeda & Cardona, 2015
2. Andeomastax Descamps, 1979
3. Araguamastax Descamps, 1982
4. Beomastax Descamps, 1979
5. Caenomastax Hebard, 1923
6. Cardonamastax Cadena-Castañeda, 2015
7. Descampsmastax Cadena-Castañeda & Cardona, 2015
8. Erythromastax Descamps, 1971
9. Eumastax Burr, 1899
10. Hebardomastax Cadena-Castañeda, 2016
11. Helicomastax Rowell & Bentos-Pereira, 2001
12. Homeomastax Descamps, 1979
13. Hysteromastax Descamps, 1979
14. Phryganomastax Descamps, 1982
15. Santanderia Hebard, 1923
16. Sciaphilomastax Descamps, 1979
17. Zeromastax Porras, 2007

Gomphomastacinae

Auth.: Burr, 1899 - India, central and north-eastern Asia

1. Afghanomastax Descamps, 1974
2. Brachymastax Ramme, 1939
3. Clinomastax Bei-Bienko, 1949
4. Gomphomastax Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1898
5. Gyabus Özdikmen, 2008
6. Myrmeleomastax Yin, 1984
7. Nepalomastax Yamasaki, 1983
8. Oreomastax Bei-Bienko, 1949
9. Paedomastax Bolívar, 1930
10. Pentaspinula Yin, 1982
11. Phytomastax Bei-Bienko, 1949
12. Ptygomastax Bei-Bienko, 1959
13. Sinomastax Yin, 1984

Masynteinae

Auth.: Descamps, 1973 - Cuba

1. Masyntes Karsch, 1889

Morseinae

Auth.: Rehn, 1948 - Americas

• tribe Daguerreacridini Descamps, 1973

1. Daguerreacris Descamps & Liebermann, 1970

• tribe Morseini Rehn, 1948

1. Eumorsea Hebard, 1935
2. Morsea Scudder, 1898

• tribe Psychomastacini Descamps, 1973

1. Psychomastax Rehn & Hebard, 1918

Subfamilies P

Paramastacinae

Auth.: Rehn & Grant Jr., 1958 - south America

1. Paramastax Burr, 1899

Parepisactinae

Auth.: Descamps, 1971 - south America

1. Chapadamastax Descamps, 1979
2. Parepisactus Giglio-Tos, 1898

Pseudomastacinae

Auth.: Rehn & Grant Jr., 1958 - south America

1. Pseudomastax Bolívar, 1914

Temnomastacinae

Auth.: Rehn & Grant Jr., 1958 - south America

• tribe Eumastacopini Descamps, 1973

1. Arawakella Rehn & Rehn, 1942
2. Bahiamastax Descamps, 1979
3. Eumastacops Rehn & Rehn, 1942
4. Maripa Descamps & Amédégnato, 1970
5. Pareumastacops Descamps, 1979
6. Pseudeumastacops Descamps, 1974
7. Tachiramastax Descamps, 1974

• tribe Temnomastacini Rehn & Grant, 1958

1. Eutemnomastax Descamps, 1979
2. Temnomastax Rehn & Rehn, 1942

Incertae sedis

1. Acutacris Dirsh, 1965 - Madagascar
2. Angulomastax Zheng, 1985 - central Asia
3. †Archaeomastax Sharov, 1968
4. †Taphacris Cockerell, 1926

References

1. Capinera, John L. (2008). Encyclopedia of Entomology. Springer. pp. 1699–1700. ISBN 9781402062421.
2. S. Matt; P. K. Flook; C. H. F. Rowell (2008). "A Partial Molecular Phylogeny of the Eumastacoidea s. lat. (Orthoptera, Caelifera)" (PDF). Journal of Orthoptera Research. 17 (1): 43–55. doi:10.1665/1082-6467(2008)17[43:apmpot]2.0.co;2.
3. Species File (v. 5.0; retrieved 10 August 2021)