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Dorothea Buck
Dorothea Buck
Born	5 April 1917; Naumburg, Germany
Died	9 October 2019 (aged 102); Hamburg, Germany
Other names	Sophie Zerchin
Occupation(s)	Writer, sculptor, activist, advocate

Dorothea Buck (5 April 1917 – 9 October 2019) was a German writer and sculptor, diagnosed with schizophrenia at the age of 19. She was a victim of the Nazi dictatorship which forced her to be sterilized; she subsequently became an advocate for psychiatric reform.^[1]

Early life

Buck was born in 1917, the fourth of five siblings born to a pastor father and a teacher mother, in Naumburg, where she grew up.

In 1936, at the age of nineteen, she was diagnosed with schizophrenia at Bodelschwingh Foundation Bethel. There she was exposed to baths and cold water head pourings for "disciplining", then common practices of psychiatry in the first half of the 20th century. She found the "complete speechlessness" to be especially humiliating: patients did not speak to each other and conversations between staff and patients were unusual.

According to the "Law for the Prevention of Diseased Offspring", Buck was forcibly sterilized in the Bodelschwingh Foundation Bethel on 18 September 1936. Buck was institutionalized four more times after being released from Bethel, a Christian hospital in what is now the German city of Bielefeld. She was sometimes treated with electroshock therapy, and after her last psychotic episode, in 1959, was injected with a "high dosages of antipsychotic drugs".^[2]

Career

After World War II, Buck began to work as a sculptor. From 1969 to 1982, she was an art teacher in Hamburg. After her last treatment, in the early 1960s, Buck became an advocate for mental health, introducing an approach that gave value to patients' experiences.^[3]

She wrote an autobiography, published in 1990, under the pseudonym, Sophie Zerchin (an anagram of the German word for "schizophrenia"), entitled On the Trail of the Morning Star: Psychosis as Self-Discovery.^[1]

In 2011, she created the Dorothea Buck Foundation for mutual support of psychiatric patients.^[4]

Buck introduced an approach called "trialogue" with the head of the Special Outpatient Clinic for Psychosis at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf and colleagues, which "gives equal weight to the experience of the mental health professional, the mental health service user, and the patient's family".^[3] Buck pushed the German psychiatric profession to confront the role its members had played under the Nazi regime. The German Association for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics created a travelling exhibition about it.^[3]

Buck died in Hamburg in October 2019 at the age of 102.^[5]

Alexandra Pohlmeier made a documentary film about Buck, entitled The Sky and Beyond - On The Trail of Dorothea Buck.^[6]

Awards

Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany – 2008
Hamburg Senate recognition – 2017^[4]

References

^ ^a ^b Roberts, Sam (18 October 2019). "Dorothea Buck, 102, Dies; Nazi Victim and Voice for Mentally Ill". New York Times. Archived from the original on 18 October 2019.
^ Friederike Gräff (1 November 2019), "Nachruf auf Dorothea Buck: Den Schmerz verwandeln", Die Tageszeitung: Taz (in German), ISSN 0931-9085, retrieved 1 November 2019
^ ^a ^b ^c Green, Andrew (16 November 2019). "Dorothea Buck". The Lancet. 394 (10211): 1800. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32728-X. ISSN 0140-6736.
^ ^a ^b Smith, Harrison. "Dorothea Buck, Nazi sterilization victim turned artist and author, dies at 102". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 21 October 2019. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
^ Neudecker, Sigrid (10 October 2019). "Dorothea Buck: "Solange wir miteinander reden, bringen wir uns nicht um"". Die Zeit (in German). ISSN 0044-2070. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
^ "The Sky and beyond – on the trail of Dorotea Buck". German documentaries. Retrieved 6 March 2020.

External links

Dorothea Buck's English Homepage
Dorothea Bucks Website
Literature by and about Dorothea Buck in the German National Library catalogue
Brigitte Siebrasse, Michaela Hoffmann (31 March 2005). ""Ich hatte ein reiches Leben": Dorothea Buck, die große alte Dame der Psychiatrie-Erfahrenen-Bewegung, zieht Bilanz" (PDF). Soziale Psychiatrie. pp. 36–38. Archived from the original (pdf, 110 kB) on 27 May 2006.
Jurand Daszkowski, Anke Griesel, Hannelore Klafki, Reinhard Wojke (25 January 2005). "Gemeinsam sind wir stark – Interview mit Dorothea Buck". Rundbrief des Bundesverbands Psychiatrie-Erfahrener E.V. 3/2005. pp. 10–13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Dorothea Buck (7 June 2007). "70 Jahre Zwang in deutschen Psychiatrien – erlebt und miterlebt" (pdf, 50 kB). Hauptvortrag beim Kongress „Coercive Treatment in Psychiatry: A Comprehensive Review“, veranstaltet von der World Psychiatric Association (WPA) in Dresden
Dorothea Sophie Buck-Zerchin: "Seventy Years of Coercion in Psychiatric Institutions, Experienced and Witnessed", in: Peter Stastny & Peter Lehmann (eds.), Alternatives beyond psychiatry. Berlin / Eugene / Shrewsbury: Peter Lehmann Publishing 2007, pp. 19–28 [1]
Dorothea-Sophie Buck-Zerchin (6 September 2008). "Rede bei der Gedenkveranstaltung für die Opfer der "Euthanasie" und Zwangssterilisation im Nationalsozialismus". Bpe-online.de."6.9. – Gedenktag für die Opfer der Euthanasiegesetze". BpE-Rundbrief. 19 January 2009. Dokumentation der Veranstaltung
Susanne Antonetta, "Remembering Dorothea Buck—Who Forced Psychiatry To Confront Its Deadly History" Ms Magazine (October 19, 2021).