Divisaderan

The Divisaderan age is a South American land mammal age, covering a period of geologic time (42.0–36.0 Ma) within the Middle and Late Eocene epochs of the Paleogene. It follows the Mustersan age and is followed by the Tinguirirican age.^[1]

Etymology

The age is named after the Divisadero Largo Formation of Divisadero Largo, Mendoza, Argentina.

Formations

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Locations of Divisaderan formations

Formation bold is type	Country	Basin	Notes
Divisadero Largo Formation	Argentina	Cuyo Basin	[2]
Abanico Formation	Chile	Abanico Basin	[3][4]
Andesitas Huancache Formation	Argentina	Golfo San Jorge Basin	[5]
Chota Formation	Peru	Bagua Basin	[6][7]
Guabirotuba Formation	Brazil	Curitiba Basin	[8]
Leticia Formation	Argentina	Austral Basin	[9]
Loreto Formation	Chile	Magallanes Basin	[10]
Paracas Group	Peru	Pisco Basin	[11]
Pozo Formation	Peru	Ucayali Basin	[12][13]
Sarmiento Formation	Argentina	Golfo San Jorge Basin	[14][15]
Soncco Formation	Peru	Eastern Peruvian Andes	[16]
Yumaque Formation	Peru	Pisco Basin	[17]

Fossils

Group	Fossils	Formation	Notes
Mammals	Acamana ambiguus, Adiantoides leali, Allalmeia atalaensis, Brachystephanus postremus, Groeberia minoprioi, G. pattersoni, Phoradiadius divortiensis, Xenostephanus chiottii, Trigonostylops sp., ?Notoungulata indet.	Divisadero Largo	[18]
	Proeocoleophorus carlinii, Machlydotherium sp., Meteutatus sp., Nemolestes sp., Parutaetus sp., Utaetus sp., Argyrolagoidea indet., Astegotheriini indet., Astrapotheria indet., Euphractinae indet., Notopithecidae indet., Oldfieldthomasiidae indet., Palaeothentoidea indet.	Guabirotuba	[19][20]
	Ocucajea picklingi, Supayacetus muizoni, Basilosauridae indet.	Paracas	[21][22] [23]
	Cachiyacuy contamanensis, C. kummeli, Canaanimys maquiensis, Eobranisamys javierpradoi, Eocoleophorus glyptodontoides, Pozomys ucayaliensis, Pseudostegotherium chubutanum, cf. Eoespina sp., cf. Griphodon sp., cf. Perulestes sp., Rumiodon sp., Sasawatsu sp., Stegosimpsonia sp., ?Trigonostylops sp., Wamradolops sp., Archaeohyracidae indet., Bonapartherioidea indet., Borhyaenidae indet., Chinchilloidea indet., Cingulata indet., Didelphimorphia indet., Interatheriinae indet., Litopterna indet., Microchiroptera indet., Molossidae indet., Phyllostomatidae indet., Polydolopimorphia indet., ?Sudamericidae indet., Toxodontia indet.	Pozo	[24] [25][26] [27][28]
	Pseudocladosictis determinabile, Patene coluapiensis, Angelocabrerus daptes, Arminiheringia auceta, Caroloameghinia mater, C. tenuis, Coona gaudryi, Rosendolops primigenium, Polydolops crassus, P. serra, P. thomasi, Amphidolops serrula, Eudolops tetragonus, Pseudolops princeps, Progarzonia notostylopense, Ideodelphys microscopicus, Tonostylops spissus, Thomashuxleya rostrata, Coelostylodon caroloameghinoi, C. florentinoameghinoi, Acoelohyrax complicatissimus, Isotemnus colhuehuapiensis, I. primitivus, Anisotemnus distentus, Pleurostylodon crassiramis, P. modicus, P. similis, Homalostylops parvus, Notostylops bicinctus, N. murinus, Isostylops fretus, Catastylops deflexus, Eohyrax isotemnoides, E. praerusticus, Archaeopithecus fossulatus, A. rogeri, Maxschlosseria consumata, Oldfieldthomasia debilitata, O. parvidens, O. transversa, Ultrapithecus rutilans, Paginula parca, Transpithecus obtentus, Antepithecus brachystephanus, A. innexus, Notopithecus adapinus, Henricosbornia ?lophodonta, Acoelodus proclivus, Proectocion argentinus, P. precisus, Didolodus magnus, D. minor, D. multicuspis, Paulogervaisia inusta, P. mamma, P. porca, Ernestokokenia nitida, Albertogaudrya unica, ?Trigonostylops duplex, T. wortmani, Parutaetus chicoensis, P. clusus, P. signatus, Meteutatus percarinatus, Pseudostegotherium chubutanum, Prostegotherium astrifer, P. notostylopianum, Utaetus buccatus, U. deustus, U. lenis, Machlydotherium sparsum, Rutimeyeria conulifera Guilielmofloweria plicata, Anisolambda fissidens, Proplanodus adnepos, Periphragnis exauctus, Mazzoniphractus ingens	Sarmiento	[29][30] [31][32]
	Mystacodon selenensis	Yumaque	[33][34]
Reptiles & amphibians	Cunampaia simplex, Ilchunaia parva, Barinasuchus sp.	Divisadero Largo	[18]
	?Balanerodus sp., cf. Sebecus sp., Anilioidea indet., Anura indet., Booidea indet., Caimaninae indet., ?Chelidae indet., Gavialoidea indet., Pipidae indet., ?Platynota indet.	Pozo	[25]
	Eocaiman cavernensis, ?Boa sp., ?Madtsoia sp., Crocodylomorpha indet.	Sarmiento	[29][35]
Birds	Spheniscidae indet.	Loreto	[36]
Fishes	Ischyodus dolloi, Striatolamia macrota, Elasmobranchii indet.	Loreto	[36]
	Potamotrygon ucayalensis, ?Colossoma sp., cf. Leporinus sp., cf. Hydrolycus sp., Actinopterygii indet., Characiformes indet.	Pozo	[25][26] [27]
Flora	Chara (Grambastichara) tornata, Nitellopsis (Tectochara) latispira	Pozo	[37]

References

1. Divisaderan at Fossilworks.org
2. Cerdeño & Guiomar, M2007, p.200
3. Godoy et al., 2012
4. Muñoz et al., 2006
5. Tejedor et al., 2009, p.6
6. Chacaltana et al., 2015, p.2
7. Castro Medina, 2010, p.53
8. Sedor et al., 2017, p.39
9. Clarke et al., 2003
10. Otero et al., 2012
11. Clarke et al., 2007, p.11545
12. Antoine et al., 2016, p.56
13. Castro Medina, 2010, p.54
14. Dozo et al., 2014, p.241
15. Acosta & Tambussi, 2005, p.128
16. Carlotto, 2016, p.522
17. Solíz Mundaca, 2018, p.11
18. Divisadero Hill at Fossilworks.org
19. Sedor et al., 2017
20. Guabirotuba fauna at Fossilworks.org
21. Archaeocete Valley at Fossilworks.org
22. Archaeocete Valley, Paracas, AV-17 at Fossilworks.org
23. Archaeocete Valley, Paracas, AV-19 at Fossilworks.org
24. Boivin et al., 2017
25. CTA-27 at Fossilworks.org
26. CTA-29 at Fossilworks.org
27. CTA-51 at Fossilworks.org
28. CTA-66 at Fossilworks.org
29. Barranca south of Lago Colhue-Huapi, Gran Barranca at Fossilworks.org
30. El Nuevo at Fossilworks.org
31. Locality III, Tapera de López, Riconada de los López at Fossilworks.org
32. Gran Barranca faunule 12 at Fossilworks.org
33. Lambert et al., 2017
34. Playa Media Luna at Fossilworks.org
35. Eocaiman cavernensis holotype locality at Fossilworks.org
36. Río de las Minos at Fossilworks.org
37. CTA-73 at Fossilworks.org

Bibliography

General

• Woodburne, M.O.; Goin, F.J.; Bond, M.; Carlini, A.A.; Gelfo, J.N.; López, G.M.; Iglesias, A.; Zimicz, A.N. (2013), "Paleogene Land Mammal Faunas of South America; a Response to Global Climatic Changes and Indigenous Floral Diversity", Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 21: 1–73, doi:10.1007/s10914-012-9222-1, retrieved 2019-02-15

Divisadero Largo Formation

• Simpson, G.G.; Minoprio, J.L.; Patterson, B. (1962), "The mammalian fauna of the Divisadero Largo Formation, Mendoza, Argentina", Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 127: 239–293, retrieved 2019-02-15

Abanico Formation

• Bertrand, Ornella C.; Flynn, John J.; Croft, Darin A.; Wyss, André R. (2012), "Two new taxa (Caviomorpha, Rodentia) from the early Oligocene Tinguiririca fauna (Chile)", American Museum Novitates (3750): 1–36, doi:10.1206/3750.2, retrieved 2019-02-15
• Bradham, Jennifer; Flynn, John J.; Croft, Darin A.; Wyss, Andre R. (2015), "New notoungulates (Notostylopidae and basal toxodontians) from the early Oligocene Tinguiririca fauna of the Andean Main Range, central Chile", American Museum Novitates (3841): 1–24, doi:10.1206/3841.1, retrieved 2019-02-13
• Croft, Darin A.; Flynn, John J.; Wyss, André R. (2008), "The Tinguiririca fauna of Chile and the early stages of "modernization" of South American mammal faunas" (PDF), Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 66: 191–211, retrieved 2019-02-12 Archived 2018-09-06 at the Wayback Machine
• Engelman, Russell K.; Flynn, John J.; Gans, Philip; Wyss, André R.; Croft, Darin A. (2018), "Chlorocyon phantasma, a late Eocene borhyaenoid (Mammalia, Metatheria, Sparassodonta) from the Los Helados locality, Andean Main Range, central Chile", American Museum Novitates (3918): 1–22, doi:10.1206/3918.1, retrieved 2019-02-11
• Godoy, Estanislao (2012), "Sobre el variable marco geotectónico de las formaciones Abanico y Farellones y sus equivalentes al sur de los 35°LS", Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 69: 570–577, retrieved 2017-08-15
• Muñoz, Marcia; Fuentes, Francisco; Vergara, Mario; Aguirre, Luis; Nyström, Jan Olov; Féraud, Gilbert; Demant, Alain (2006), "Abanico East Formation: petrology and geochemistry of volcanic rocks behind the Cenozoic arc front in the Andean Cordillera, central Chile (33°50'S)", Revista Geológica de Chile, 33: 109–140, doi:10.4067/S0716-02082006000100005, retrieved 2017-08-15

Andesitas Huancache Formation

• Goin, Francisco J.; Tejedor, Marcelo F.; Chornogubsky, Laura; López, Guillermo M.; Gelfo, Javier N.; Bond, Mariano; Woodburne, Michael O.; Gurovich, Yamila; Reguero, Marcelo (2012), "Persistence of a Mesozoic, non-therian mammalian lineage (Gondwanatheria) in the mid-Paleogene of Patagonia", Naturwissenschaften, 99 (6): 449–463, Bibcode:2012NW.....99..449G, doi:10.1007/s00114-012-0919-z, PMID 22584426, retrieved 2019-02-15
• Tejedor, Marcelo F. (2009), "New Early Eocene Mammalian Fauna from Western Patagonia, Argentina" (PDF), American Museum Novitates (3638): 1–43, doi:10.1206/577.1, retrieved 2018-09-11 Archived 2017-08-08 at the Wayback Machine

Chota Formation

• Chacaltana, César; Benites Cañote, Alexandra Lucytania; Valdivia, Waldir; Chumpitaz, Marco (2014), La formación Chota en la Cuenca Bagua: Evaluación e implicancias del criterio de clasificación litoestratigráfico, Congreso Peruano de Geología, pp. 1–4, retrieved 2017-08-15

Guabirotuba Formation

• Sedor, Fernando A.; Oliveira, Édison V.; Silva, David D.; Fernandes, Luiz A.; Cunha, Renata F.; Ribeiro, Ana M.; Dias, Eliseu V. (2017), "A New South American Paleogene Land Mammal Fauna, Guabirotuba Formation (Southern Brazil)" (PDF), Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 24: 39–55, doi:10.1007/s10914-016-9364-7, retrieved 2017-10-26

Leticia Formation

• Clarke, J.A.; Olivero, E.B.; Puerta, P. (2003), "Description of the earliest fossil penguin from South America, and first Paleogene vertebrate locality of Tierra del Fuego, Argentina" (PDF), American Museum Novitates (3423): 1–18, doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2003)423<0001:DOTEFP>2.0.CO;2, hdl:11336/94973, retrieved 2019-02-20

Loreto Formation

• Bostelmann, Enrique; Le Roux, Jacobus P.; Vasquez, Ana; Gutiérrez, Nestor; Oyarzún, José Luis; Carreño, Catalina; Torres, Teresa; Otero, Rodrigo; Llanos, C. Mark Fanning, Sven N. Nielsen and Francisco Hervé, Andrea (2012), A revised lithostratigraphy of the Sierra Baguales, Magallanes Basin (PDF), XIII Congeso Geológico Chileno, pp. 698–700, archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-11-03, retrieved 2019-02-15
• Otero, Rodrigo A.; Torres, Teresa; Le Roux, Jacobus P.; Hervé, Francisco; Fanning, C. Mark; Yuri Yáñez, Roberto E.; Rubilar Rogers, David (2012), "A Late Eocene age proposal for the Loreto Formation (Brunswick Peninsula, southernmost Chile), based on fossil cartilaginous fishes, paleobotany and radiometric evidence" (PDF), Andean Geology, 39: 180–200, doi:10.5027/andgeoV39N1-a09, retrieved 2019-02-15
• Sallaberry, M.A.; Yury Yáñez, R.E.; Otero, R.A.; Soto Acuña, S.; Torres, T.G. (2010), "Eocene birds from the western margin of southernmost South America" (PDF), Journal of Paleontology, 84 (6): 1061–1070, Bibcode:2010JPal...84.1061S, doi:10.1666/09-157.1, retrieved 2019-02-15
• Torres, T.; Meón, H.; Otero, R.; Galleguillos, H. (2009), Palinoflora y macroflora de la Formación Loreto, Punta Arenas, Región de Magallanes, Chile (PDF), XII Congreso Geológico Chileno, pp. 1–4, retrieved 2019-02-15

Paracas Group

• Clarke, Julia A.; Ksepka, Daniel T.; Stucchi, Marcelo; Urbina, Mario; Giannini, Norberto; Bertelli, Sara; Narváez, Yanina; Boyd, Clint A. (2007), "Paleogene equatorial penguins challenge the proposed relationship between penguin biogeography, body size evolution, and Cenozoic climate change", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104: 11545–11550, doi:10.1073/pnas.0611099104, PMC 1913862, PMID 17601778, retrieved 2017-08-15

Pozo Formation

• Antoine, P.O.; Marivaux, L.; Croft, D.A.; Billet, G.; Ganerod, M.; Jaramillo, C.; Martin, T.; Orliac, M.; Tejada, A. J. Altamirano, F. Duranthon, G. Fanjat, S. Rousse and R. Salas Gismondi, J. (2011), "Middle Eocene rodents from Peruvian Amazonia reveal the pattern and timing of caviomorph origins and biogeography", Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 279 (1732): 1319–1326, doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.1732, PMC 3282368, PMID 21993503, retrieved 2019-02-14
• Boivin, Myriam; Marivaux, Laurent; Orliac, Maëva J.; Pujos, François; Salas Gismondi, Rodolfo; Tejada Lara, Julia V.; Antoine, Pierre-Olivier (2017), "Late middle Eocene caviomorph rodents from Contamana, Peruvian Amazonia", Palaeontologia Electronica, 20 (1): Article number 20.1.19A, retrieved 2019-02-12

Sarmiento Formation

• Acosta Hospitaleche, Carolina; Tambussi, Claudia (2005), "Phorusrhacidae Psilopterinae (Aves) en la Formación Sarmiento de la localidad de Gran Hondonada (Eoceno Superior), Patagonia, Argentina [Phorusrhacidae Psilopterinae (Birds) in the Sarmiento Formation from the Gran Hondonada locality (Upper Eocene), Patagonia, Argentina]" (PDF), Revista Española de Paleontología, 20: 127–132, retrieved 2018-09-10 Archived 2021-01-22 at the Wayback Machine
• Arnal, Michelle; Kramarz, Alejandro G.; Vucetich, M. Guiomar; Vieytes, E. Carolina (2014), "A new early Miocene octodontoid rodent (Hystricognathi, Caviomorpha) from Patagonia (Argentina) and a reassessment of the early evolution of Octodontoidea", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 34 (2): 397–406, Bibcode:2014JVPal..34..397A, doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.808203, hdl:11336/29748, retrieved 2019-02-12
• Cheme Arriaga, Lucas; Dozo, María Teresa; Gelfo, Javier N. (2016), "A new Cramaucheniinae (Litopterna, Macraucheniidae) from the early Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 36 (6): e1229672, Bibcode:2016JVPal..36E9672C, doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1229672, hdl:11336/30386, retrieved 2019-02-12
• Dozo, María Teresa; Ciancio, Martín; Bouza, Pablo; Martínez, Gastón (2014), "Nueva asociación de mamíferos del Paleógeno en el este de la Patagonia (provincia de Chubut, Argentina): implicancias biocronológicas y paleobiogeográficas" (PDF), Andean Geology, 41: 224–247, doi:10.5027/andgeoV41n1-a09, retrieved 2017-08-15
• Pérez, María Encarnación; Krause, Marcelo; Vucetich, María Guiomar (2012), "A new species of Chubutomys (Rodentia, Hystricognathi) from the late Oligocene of Patagonia and its implications on the early evolutionary history of Cavioidea sensu stricto", Geobios, 45 (6): 573–580, Bibcode:2012Geobi..45..573P, doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2012.06.001
• Shockey, Bruce J.; Flynn, John J.; Croft, Darin A.; Gans, Phillip; Wyss, André R. (2012), "New leontiniid Notoungulata (Mammalia) from Chile and Argentina : comparative anatomy, character analysis, and phylogenetic hypotheses", American Museum Novitates (3737): 1–64, doi:10.1206/3737.2, retrieved 2019-02-15
• Sterli, Juliana; De la Fuente, Marcelo S.; Krause, J. Marcelo (2015), "A new turtle from the Palaeogene of Patagonia (Argentina) sheds new light on the diversity and evolution of the bizarre clade of horned turtles (Meiolaniidae, Testudinata)", Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 174 (3): 519–548, doi:10.1111/zoj.12252, hdl:11336/41594, retrieved 2019-02-13
• Vucetich, M.G.; Dozo, M.T.; Arnal, M.; Pérez, M.E. (2015), "New rodents (Mammalia) from the late Oligocene of Cabeza Blanca (Chubut) and the first rodent radiation in Patagonia", Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology, 27 (2): 236–257, Bibcode:2015HBio...27..236V, doi:10.1080/08912963.2014.883506, hdl:11336/17958, retrieved 2019-02-13
• Vucetich, María G.; Pérez, María E.; Ciancio, Martín R.; Carlini, Alfredo A.; Madden, Richard H.; Kohn, Matthew J. (2014), "A new acaremyid rodent (Caviomorpha, Octodontoidea) from Scarritt Pocket, Deseadan (late Oligocene) of Patagonia (Argentina)", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 34 (3): 689–698, Bibcode:2014JVPal..34..689V, doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.804414, hdl:11336/17973, retrieved 2019-02-12
• Wyss, André R.; Flynn, John J.; Croft, Darin A. (2018), "New Paleogene notohippids and leontiniids (Toxodontia; Notoungulata; Mammalia) from the Early Oligocene Tinguiririca Fauna of the Andean Main Range, central Chile", Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 3903: 1–42, hdl:2246/6901, retrieved 2019-02-11

Soncco Formation

• Carlotto, Víctor (2016), Dataciones por trazas de fisión en los depósitos continentales terciarios de la Región de Cusco, XIII Congreso Peruano de Geología, pp. 521–524, retrieved 2017-08-15

Yumaque Formation

• Lambert, O.; Martínez Cáceres, M.; Bianucci, G.; Di Celma, C.; Salas Gismondi, R.; Steurbaut, E.; Urbina, Mario; de Muizon, C. (2017), "Earliest Mysticete from the Late Eocene of Peru Sheds New Light on the Origin of Baleen Whales", Current Biology, 27 (10): 1–7, Bibcode:2017CBio...27E1535L, doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.04.026, hdl:11581/396095, PMID 28502655, retrieved 2019-02-04