Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, a constitutional oath system had never been established. Hong Kong and Macau each had oath systems prior to their return to the PRC, and both regions implemented oaths according to the Hong Kong Basic Law and Macau Basic Law, respectively, following China's resumption of sovereignty.[4][5][6]
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On October 23, 2014, the Fourth Plenum of the 18th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party proposed "establishing a constitutional oath system, such that all state civil servants elected or appointed by the National People's Congress or its Standing Committee publicly swear an oath to the constitution upon formally taking office."[7] On July 1, 2015, the 15th Meeting of the 12th Standing Committee of the National People's Congress passed a decision to implement a constitutional oath, with an effective date of January 1, 2016. State civil servants elected or appointed by the National People's Congress, its Standing Committee, the State Council, the Central Military Commission, the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, and other central government organs, as well as equivalent local government organs at or above the county level, are required to publicly swear an oath to the constitution upon taking office.[8]
On February 23, 2018, the 33rd Meeting of the 12th Standing Committee of the National People's Congress revised the decision that instituted the constitutional oath. The constitutional oath's last phrase was changed to "to work for a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful." In addition, the oath-taking requirement was expanded to include members of the newly created National Supervisory Commission, and required the national anthem to be played at the oath taking ceremony.[9][10]
Ceremony
The oath may be taken individually or in a group. If taken individually, the oath taker places his or her left hand on a copy of the Constitution, and raises his or her right hand in a fist. If taken in a group, one person leads the ceremony, with his or her left hand on a copy of the Constitution and his or her right hand raised in a fist. The other oath takers stand in a line with their right hands raised in a fist, and recite the oath along with the leader. The ceremony is to be "dignified" and "solemn," and the Chinese flag or the National Emblem of China. The National Anthem of the People's Republic of China must also be played at the ceremony.[11][12]
I pledge to be loyal to the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, safeguard the authority of the Constitution, fulfill the legal responsibilities of my position, be loyal to the Motherland, be loyal to the people, show the utmost respect for my duty, pursue public affairs with integrity, accept the supervision of the people, and strive for a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, and harmonious socialist country!
I swear that I will be loyal to the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, defend the authority of the Constitution, and perform my legal duties, I will be loyal to the Motherland and the people, I will perform my duties with full dedication and honesty, I will accept the supervision of the people, I will strive hard for the construction of the modern and powerful socialist country which is prosperous, democratic, civilized, harmonious, and beautiful!
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