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Confederation Square
Place de la Confédération (French)
Confederation Square; Place de la Confédération (French)
	View of Confederation Square from the northeast
Location	Ontario, Canada
Nearest city	Ottawa
Governing body	National Capital Commission
National Historic Site of Canada
Designated	1984

Confederation Square (French: Place de la Confédération) is an urban square in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, and is considered the second most important ceremonial centre in Canada's capital city, after Parliament Hill.^[1] Roughly triangular in area, with Canada's National War Memorial at its centre and the Valiants Memorial at its periphery, the square is bounded by Wellington Street to the north and branches of Elgin Street to the east and west.

The square was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1984.^[2] Confederation Square's importance is due not only to its central location in Ottawa and its status as a rare Canadian example of a City Beautiful-inspired square, but also arises from the landmark buildings that frame the square: the Château Laurier, the Senate of Canada Building, the National Arts Centre, the Central Chambers, the Scottish Ontario Chambers, the Central Post Office, the PMO and the East Block.^[1] Part of the square crosses over the Rideau Canal, itself a National Historic Site of Canada and a World Heritage Site.

History

A triangular plaza once located approximately at the site of today's Confederation Square was (originally) named after Governor General Connaught. Before 1910, today's Plaza Bridge over the Rideau Canal had been two separate bridges which were replaced at the time by a single bridge under which rail traffic would pass from the new Union Station past the (also new) Chateau Laurier. This work was finished by December 1912^[3] and the location was named "Connaught Place" on March 24, 1913.^[4]

Two prime ministers had promoted the beautification of the capital city, Wilfrid Laurier from 1896 to 1911 and William Lyon Mackenzie King whose first term began in 1921. By 1927, a commission for improvements named the Federal District Commission was formed out of an earlier effort called the Ottawa Improvement Commission. King invited French architect Jacques Gréber to help with the design for a square which would include a war memorial.

The area at this time also had five notable structures, most which have been standing for decades. The old post office (c. 1876 Second Empire-style building by Walter Chesterton was rebuilt after 1904 fire^[5]) was located where the current war memorial stands, the Russell House hotel was on the southeast side of Sparks and Elgin, the Russell Theatre (adjoining the hotel) was on the corner of Queen and Elgin, the old City Hall was on the east side of Elgin between Queen and Albert, and Knox Presbyterian Church at Elgin and Albert, on the site of today's National Arts Centre.

King had plans involving widening Elgin Street even by 1927, with hopes of bringing emphasis to the Parliament Hill.^[6] The hotel was destroyed by fire on April 14, 1928.^[7] The Russell Theatre, which was also burnt on that date^[8] got expropriated for demolition in order to bring about these plans. The Federal District Commission later expropriated the hotel's site.^[9] The church was expropriated November 20, 1930.^[10] City Hall burned down March 31, 1931.^[7]

In 1937, Greber visited Ottawa but disagreed with King on the placement of the war memorial, for fear of traffic problems.^[11]

Ottawa's former Central Post Office had been constructed in 1876. The old post office was demolished in (May and) June 1938 in order to build the square.

Knox Presbyterian Church had also been demolished in June 1938. The Royal Bank of Canada building (once James Hope and Company) at the northwest corner of Elgin and Sparks had been removed (for the new Post Office). By October, the War Memorial had been erected and the Plaza Bridge had been widened. Work was underway for the

building of the new Central Post Office. Elgin Street was widened in April 1939.^[12] and Confederation Square continued to be landscaped while post office was being completed. By this time, the square was renamed Confederation Square for the National War Memorial. It wouldn't be until June 1969 that the National Arts Centre would be opened. In May 1939, King George VI came to visit Ottawa and formally unveiled the new War Memorial.^[13]

References

^ ^a ^b "Confederation Square National Historic Site of Canada". Canadian Register of Historic Places. Parks Canada. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
^ "Confederation Square National Historic Site of Canada". Directory of Designations of National Historic Significance of Canada. Parks Canada. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
^ Bond 1984, pp. 99.
^ "Ottawa Citizen - Google News Archive Search".
^ "The Old Post Office". 16 May 2020.
^ "Ottawa Citizen - Google News Archive Search".
^ ^a ^b "Ottawa Citizen - Google News Archive Search".
^ Brault 1946, pp. 292.
^ Haig 1975, pp. 189.
^ Brault 1946, pp. 223.
^ Haig 1975, pp. 195.
^ Bond 1984, pp. 102.
^ Woods 1980, pp. 265–267.

Bibliography

Bond, Courtney C. J. (1984), Where Rivers Meet: An Illustrated History of Ottawa, Windsor Publications, ISBN 0-89781-111-9
Brault, Lucien (1946), Ottawa Old and New, Ottawa historical information Institute, OCLC 2947504
Haig, Robert (1975), Ottawa: City of the Big Ears, Ottawa: Haig and Haig Publishing Co., OCLC 9184321
Woods, Shirley E. Jr. (1980), Ottawa: The Capital of Canada, Toronto: Doubleday Canada, ISBN 0-385-14722-8