Ciavenasca goat

Ciavenasca

Conservation status	FAO (2007): not listed[1]
Country of origin	Italy
Distribution	Valchiavenna, Province of Sondrio
Standard	none (not recognised)
Use	mainly meat[2]
Traits
Height	Male: 76 cm[2] Female: 75 cm[2]
Coat	very variable
Horn status	horned or hornless
Goat Capra aegagrus hircus

The Ciavenasca is an Italian breed of domestic goat from the Valchiavenna, in the northern part of the province of Sondrio, in Lombardy in northern Italy. It is raised only in that area; the name of the breed derives from that of the valley or the town of Chiavenna. The Ciavenasca belongs to the group of polychrome or multi-coloured Alpine goat breeds and displays several distinct coat types, each of which has a name in the local dialect. Management is extensive: the animals are kept on high alpine pasture in the summer months. They are extremely hardy and well adapted to mountain terrain.^[2]

The Ciavenasca is not officially recognised as a breed. It is not among the forty-three autochthonous Italian goat breeds of limited distribution for which a herdbook is kept by the Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia, the Italian national association of sheep- and goat-breeders,^[3][4] nor is it reported to the DAD-IS database of the FAO.^[5] In 2002, it was reportedly in the process of being recognised.^[6] The population was estimated at 3000 at that time.^[2]

Use

The Ciavenasca is a dairy breed, but is kept mainly for meat, both from kids and from mature animals. Local food specialities derived from it include the viulìn de càvra de Ciavéna (Italian: violino di capra della Valchiavenna), a goat's meat prosciutto or spalla; there is also a salume called filùn, made in a similar way from the backbone and back muscles of the animal, salted and seasoned in well-ventilated natural caves. The milk is used to make Mascarpin cheese, which may be smoked or peppered.^[2]

References

1. Barbara Rischkowsky, D. Pilling (eds.) (2007). List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources, annex to The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 9789251057629. Accessed July 2014.
2. Daniele Bigi, Alessio Zanon (2008). Atlante delle razze autoctone: Bovini, equini, ovicaprini, suini allevati in Italia (in Italian). Milan: Edagricole. ISBN 9788850652594. p. 346–47.
3. Strutture Zootecniche (Dec. 2009/712/CE - Allegato 2 - Capitolo 2) (in Italian). Ministero delle Politiche Agricole Alimentari e Forestali. Section I (e). Archived 4 May 2014.
4. Norme tecniche e consistenze (in Italian). Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia. Accessed July 2014.
5. Breeds reported by Italy: Goat. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed July 2014.
6. Michele Corti, Luigi Andrea Brambilla (2002). Le razze autoctone caprine dell’arco alpino e i loro sistemi di allevamento (in Italian). Conference papers: L’allevamento ovicaprino nelle Alpi: Razze, tradizioni e prodotti in sintonia con l’ambiente; Cavalese, 21 September 2002. p. 61–80. Accessed July 2014.