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Bara District

बारा जिल्ला
Bara District बारा जिल्ला
District
	Lal Bakaiya river, Kalaiya clock tower, a paddy field in Simara, remains of Simraungadh Fort (Clockwise from top)
	Nickname: अन्नको भण्डार
	Bara District (dark yellow) in Madhesh Province
Country	Nepal
Province	Madhesh
Admin HQ.	Kalaiya
Government
• Type	Coordination committee
• Body	DCC, Bara
Area
• Total	1,190 km2 (460 sq mi)
Population (2021)
• Total	743,982
• Density	630/km2 (1,600/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+05:45 (NPT)
Main Languages	Bhojpuri, Nēpālī, Tharu, Maithili
Website	ddcbara.gov.np

Bara District (Nepali: बारा जिल्ला Listen^ⓘ) is one of the seventy–seven districts of Nepal, located in the western part of the Madhesh Province. The district is third richest district in Nepal after Kathmandu and Morang with 3.3% share of total GDP of Nepal and highest per capita income in Madhesh province. Kalaiya serves as the district's headquarter. Bakaiya, Jamuniya, Pasaha, Dudhaura and Bangari are the main rivers of Bara. The main languages spoken in the district are Bhojpuri, Tharu, Bajjika, and Nepali.^[3]

History

Simraungadh is major part of Bara district. It is a historical place in Nepal and famous for agricultural products. Here people grow wheat, maize, and various green vegetables (cauliflower, tomato, banana (raw), beetroot, bitter gourd, bottle gourd, brinjal, cabbage, carrot, cauliflower, chilli (green), chilli (dry red), coriander leaves, cucumber, potato and so on).

Bara district is famous for the Gadhimai Temple, particularly as every five years it celebrates the Gadhimai Mela. This festival has historically been celebrated every 5 years by sacrificing animals. In the future animal sacrifice will no longer occur, as temple authorities have decided to convert the festival into a "momentous celebration of life."^[4]^[5]

Geography and climate

Climate Zone^[6]	Elevation Range	% of Area
Lower Tropical	below 300 meters (1,000 ft)	86.6%
Upper Tropical	300 to 1,000 meters 1,000 to 3,300 ft.	13.4%

The district is surrounded by Parsa district in the west, Rautahat district in the east, Makwanpur district of Bagmati province in the north and Indian state of Bihar in the south. It covers an area of 1,190 km² (460 sq mi).

Demographics

At the time of the 2021 Nepal census, Bara District had a population of 763,137. Of these, 73.9% spoke Bhojpuri, 8.6% Tharu, 8.6% Nepali, 3.3% Tamang, 2.1% Urdu, 1.7% Bajjika, 0.4% Magar, 0.4% Maithili, 0.3% Newar, and 0.1% other languages as their first language.^[7]

Ethnicity/caste: 14.4% were Musalman, 10.2% Tharu, 11% Yadav, 4.9% Kanu, 4.5% Koiri/Kushwaha, 4.6% Chamar/Harijan/Ram, 4.3% Hill Brahmin, 4.1% Teli, 4.0% Tamang, 3.9% Kurmi, 3.1% Dusadh/Paswan/Pasi, 3.0% Kalwar, 2.9% Dhanuk, 2.7% Chhetri, 2.5% Mallaha, 1.6% Bin, 1.5% Kumhar, 1.4% Musahar, 1.4% Nuniya, 1.2% Dhobi, 1.2% Hajam/Thakur, 1.1% Lohar, 1.1% Sonar, 1.0% Magar, 0.9% Tatma/Tatwa, 0.8% Baraee, 0.8% Newar, 0.7% Kathabaniyan, 0.7% Sanyasi/Dasnami, 0.5% Terai Brahmin, 0.5% Danuwar, 0.5% Kumal, 0.5% other Terai, 0.4% Kami, 0.4% Rajput, 0.2% Badhaee, 0.2% Dhunia, 0.2% Gaderi/Bhedihar, 0.2% Kahar, 0.2% Kayastha, 0.2% Majhi, 0.2% Mali, 0.2% Rai, 0.2% Yakkha, 0.1% Bantar/Sardar, 0.1% Bengali, 0.1% other Dalit, 0.1% Damai/Dholi, 0.1% Dom, 0.1% Gurung, 0.1% Jhangad/Dhagar, 0.1% Kewat, 0.1% Marwadi, 0.1% Natuwa, 0.1% Rajbhar, 0.1% Sarki, 0.1% Thakuri and 0.1% others.^[7]

Religion: 80.9% were Hindu, 14.7% Muslim, 4.1% Buddhist, 0.3% Christian, 0.04% Kirati, 0.01% Prakriti and 0.3% others.^[8]

Literacy: 51.8% could read and write, 3.0% could only read and 45.1% could neither read nor write.^[9]

Religion in Bara District (2011)
Religion			Percent
Hinduism			82%
Islam			13%
Buddhism			4%
Others			1%

Historical population

census year

1981

1991

2001

2011

2021

Pop.

318,957

415,718

559,135

687,708

743,975

±% p.a.

—

+2.68%

+3.01%

+2.09%

+0.79%

Source: Citypopulation^[10]

According to the preliminary 2021 census, Bara district has a total population of 743,975. The population according to 2011 census was 687,708. Between 2011 and 2021, the population growth rate was 0.75%, the 32nd highest in the country. There are 112,329 households in the districts and 134,390 families in this district. The population density is 625 people per sq. kilometers and the average family size is 5.54.

The gender ratio of the district is 104.51 with 380,192 males and 363,783 females.^[11]

Language in Bara District (2021)

Bhojpuri (73.9%)

Tharu (8.6%)

Nepali (8.6%)

Tamang (3.3%)

Urdu (2.1%)

Bajjika (1.7%)

Others (1.8%)

^[12]

Administration

The district consists of two sub– metropolitan cities five urban municipalities and nine rural municipalities. These are as follows:^[13]

Former municipalities and village development committees

VDC/s and Municipalities (blue) in Bara District

Prior to the restructuring of the district, Bara consisted of the following municipalities and village development committees:

Villages

Khajani

Education

Symbiosis Institute of Management (SIM) is situated in district headquarter, Kalaiya which is committed for quality education in Commerce and Education.