August 23, 1921: Faisal al-Hashemi crowned as first King of IraqAugust 24, 1921: 44 killed in the crash of the largest dirigible in the world, ZR-2August 22, 1921: Alexander I takes oath in Paris hospital as new King of YugoslaviaAugust 2, 1921: Opera tenor Enrico Caruso dead at age 48 from infection
Riots broke out in Spain and troops mutinied against the government of King Alfonso XIII after the defeat of Spanish troops by Moroccan tribesmen in Melilla.[2]
U.S. President Warren G. Harding officiated at the tercentenary celebration at Plymouth, Massachusetts for the 300th anniversary of the landing of the Pilgrims in North America.[3]
Harding at the U.S. Senate
President Harding informed the U.S. Congress that Secretary of State Hughes had concluded that the U.S. was obligated to lend five million dollars to Liberia as part of an agreement made in September, 1918.[4]
The Black Sox scandal trial in Chicago ended with the acquittal by a jury of eight Chicago White Sox players on charges of conspiracy to throw the 1919 World Series, finding that the charges had not been proven beyond a reasonable doubt.[7] Major League Baseball officials declared that the preponderance of the evidence was still sufficient to continue the ban against reinstating any of the former players. Baseball Commissioner K. M. Landis said in a statement, "Regardless of the verdict of juries, no player that throws a ball game; no player that undertakes or promises to throw a ball game; no player that sits in a conference with a bunch of crooked players and gamblers where the ways and means of throwing games are planned and discussed and does not promptly tell his club about it, will ever play professional baseball."[8]
Enrico Caruso, 48, Italian operatic tenor, died of peritonitis.[11] Caruso had been convalescing from illness at the Hotel Vesuvius in Naples and had been scheduled for emergency surgery for a subphrenic abscess, but died at 9:00 in the morning before he could be taken to a hospital.[12]
A Pact of Pacification was signed between Italian leader Benito Mussolini’s Fascist Revolutionary Party (PFR), the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) and the General Confederation of Labor (CGL).[15]
In Germany, the Nazi Party's security unit, which would later become the Sturmabteilung (commonly called the "Storm Troopers"), was renamed the Turn und Sportabteilung division ("Gymnastic and Sports Division").[16]
The new Irish Republican parliament, Dáil Éireann, was summoned by Éamon de Valera to meet at Dublin on August 16 after negotiations with the United Kingdom secured a recognition of a self-governing Irish Free State rather than a province of Southern Ireland.[19]
For the first time, what is now called a "fax" was sent across the Atlantic Ocean when "a written document was transmitted fac simile... by wireless telegraphy" by the Belinograph machine, which had been used in Europe but had not been employed in North America. A handwritten message by New York Times editor C. V. Van Anda was transmitted from Annapolis, Maryland to Malmaison in France.[20]
The U.S. Navy announced that the largest dirigible ever constructed up to that time, its Airship ZR-2, would begin its first transatlantic flight on August 25 to be brought to the United States from England.[23]
The first broadcast of a baseball game was aired by U.S. radio station KDKA, as the Pittsburgh Pirates defeated the Philadelphia Phillies 8 to 5 at Forbes Field.[24] Harold Arlin, a Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company, called the play-by-play during the broadcast.[25]
WRR-AM received its municipal license. It first broadcast out of the Dallas, Texas fire station. WRR was the first radio station in Texas and one of the first five radio stations in the US.[26]
In the Rif War against Morocco, the Army of Spain suffered more losses as the army garrisons in the cities of Nador and Selouane fell in North Africa, and 2,000 square miles (5,200 km2) of Moroccan territory reclaimed by Arab tribesmen.[27] Of 200 soldiers of the Selouane garrison, all but nine were killed.[28]
August 6, 1921 (Saturday)
Forty-seven of the crewmembers of the American freighter Alaska were killed when the ship foundered off of the northern coast of California in a thick fog.[29]
In return for American humanitarian aid to relieve the famine in the Soviet Union, the Russian Relief Committee's Chairman Kamenev pledged that all Americans held prisoner in Soviet Russia would be released to Walter L. Brown of the American Relief Administration.[30]
In the wake of the Upper Silesia plebiscite of March 1921, an expert report by the Committee of the Allied Supreme Council recommended a redefinition of the border between Poland and Germany, on the basis of which the greater part of the Upper Silesian industrial district was awarded to Poland.[31]
In accordance with an agreement between the United Kingdom and Irish Republicans, British prisons released all Sinn Féin members who had been elected to Dáil Éireann.[2]
Born:Manitas de Plata (stage name for Ricardo Baliardo), Spanish-French guitar virtuoso, in Sète in France (died 2014)[32]
Italy and China announced that they would accept U.S. President Harding's invitation to participate in the Washington Disarmament Conference on November 11.[2]
J. D. Edgar, 36, English professional golfer and twice winner of the Canadian Open, was killed by a hit-and-run driver in front of his home in Atlanta.[35][36][37]
Thomas Wintringham, 54, British MP, died suddenly during a break in the parliamentary session at the Palace of Westminster, while in the smoking room with fellow Members of Commons.[38][39]Margaret Wintringham, Wintringham's widow, would win the by-election for his seat on September 23, becoming only the second woman M.P. in British history.[40]
August 9, 1921 (Tuesday)
Over 2,000 soldiers of the Spanish Army were killed after surrendering the Monte Arruit garrison near Al Aaroui in Morocco following a 12-day siege.[41] General Felipe Navarro y Ceballos-Escalera was taken prisoner by the Moroccan Moors, along with his nine-member staff of officers, after Spanish forces were routed near Mount Arruit in North Africa.[42]
Governor Small
Governor Lennington "Len" Small of the U.S. state of Illinois was placed under arrest at his home, the Executive Mansion in Springfield, Illinois, on warrants from three indictments made against him on charges of embezzlement during his prior job as Illinois State Treasurer.[43] The sheriff of Sangamon County, Illinois, Henry Mester, came to the Governor's official residence, placed Small under arrest and required Small to come with him to for a court appearance before the Sangamon County Judge, who set a $50,000 bail to secure Small's appearance at a September hearing. Small posted his own bond as surety and was allowed to return home.
August 10, 1921 (Wednesday)
The Soviet Union began the release of American prisoners, with six Americans being turned over to the American Relief Administration at Reval in Estonia.[44]
The SS Moerdijk of the Holland-American steam line set a world speed record, completing a journey from London to Los Angeles in 24 days and 12 hours.[45]
The Allied Supreme Council announced its neutrality in the Greco-Turkish War, abandoning the Treaty of Sèvres that had granted territory of the former Ottoman Empire to Greece.[2]
Lord Byng of Vimy, appointed as the new Governor-General of Canada, arrived in Canada after the steamer Empress of France brought him over from the United Kingdom.[46]
August 11, 1921 (Thursday)
Roosevelt
While on holiday at Lubec, Maine, future U.S. president (and recent U.S. vice presidential nominee in the 1920 election) Franklin D. Roosevelt suffered the first signs of paralysis from poliomyelitis. The disease was misdiagnosed by a local doctor as resulting from a bad cold.[47]
Éamon de Valera sent his reply to British peace proposals to UK Prime Minister David Lloyd George, and the Prime Minister's office sent a charter airplane to Paris, where Lloyd George was meeting with the Allied Premiers.[49]
The Packers and Stockyards Act of 1921 was signed into law by U.S. President Harding, allowing the Federal Trade Commission to regulate any company that engaged in interstate shipping of food products, specifically "livestock, livestock products, dairy products, poultry, poultry products, and eggs".[52]
Dr. G. Tryon Harding, father of the incumbent U.S. president, Warren Harding, surprised the White House by marrying a third time, traveling from Marion, Ohio to Monroe, Michigan to obtain a license. Dr. Harding and his longtime nurse and secretary, Alice Severns, initially drove to Canada and attempted to get a marriage license in Windsor, Ontario, only to be refused a license because of a new requirement of three months residency. The President's mother, Dr. Harding's first wife Phoebe Dickerson Harding, had died in 1910.[53]
Henry Graff, American historian known for his reference works on the U.S. presidents; in New York City (d. 2020)[55]
Died: Father James Coyle, 48, Irish-born Roman Catholic priest, was murdered by Pastor E. R. Stephenson of the Southern Methodist Episcopal Church in Birmingham, Alabama after Coyle performed the marriage between Stephenson's daughter and a Puerto Rican Catholic. Stephenson would subsequently be acquitted by an Alabama jury on grounds of temporary insanity.[56]
August 12, 1921 (Friday)
The Allied Supreme Council, unable to work out a settlement of the Silesian boundary question between Germany and Poland, referred the matter to the League of Nations.[57]
The French cargo ship St Clair caught fire at Mex, Egypt; it was beached and later declared a total loss.[58]
Born: Abel Paz (pen name for Diego Camacho Escámez), Spanish anarchist and historian; in Almeria (d. 2009)[59]
August 13, 1921 (Saturday)
British Prime Minister David Lloyd George released the correspondence between himself and Sinn Fein President Éamon de Valera.[60] On July 26, the British had proposed dominion status for Ireland, with complete authority over domestic affairs including taxation, finance, a judicial system, police and education, while Britain would manage Ireland's defense and foreign affairs. De Valera had replied on August 10 that he wanted "an amicable but absolute" separation of Ireland from the United Kingdom, with the question of Northern Ireland's status to be determined by a vote of all Irish voters. Lloyd George responded that the UK could never acknowledge Irish secession from the UK.[2]
Maxim Litvinov of the Soviet Union announced that the Soviets would comply with the terms of aid by the American Relief Administration, including freedom of movement within Soviet borders and Russian expense for distribution of humanitarian supplies after their delivery to Russian ports.[61]
The National Assembly of Hungary unanimously approved the U.S. peace resolution and began negotiation for a peace treaty to end the state of war that had started with U.S. entry into World War One against Austria-Hungary.[62]
The Inter-Allied Finance Conference, charged by the Allied Supreme Council in recommending the disposition of German reparation payments, ruled that none of the first one billion gold marks of payment should be given to France, but toward the reconstruction of the damage in Belgium.[63]
Antonio Maura became President of the Council of Ministers of Spain in a coalition government, after the fall of the government of Manuel Allendesalazar.[66]
The short-lived Baranya-Baja Republic was established in the Hungarian city of Pécs, in border territory occupied by troops from Yugoslavia.[69]
Died: Albert "Shrimp" Burns, U.S. motorcycle racer, 1919 U.S. champion and future inductee of the AMA Motorcycle Hall of Fame, was killed in a crash during a race in Toledo, Ohio.[70]
The British government relinquished control of the United Kingdom's railways, seven years after having taken over jurisdiction during World War One.[72]
Prince Alexander, "the Unifier", became King of Yugoslavia following the death of his father, King Peter.[75] At the time, Alexander was hospitalized in France at Neuilly-sur-Seine for appendicitis and announced that he would not be able to attend the funeral for his father in Belgrade, and was uncertain if he would be able to attend the ceremonies for his oath of accession to the throne, required to take place by August 26 or no more than ten days after the vacancy on the throne.[76][77]
Dáil Éireann, the first parliament to represent the people of an Irish Republic rather than the United Kingdom's Province of Southern Ireland, convened at the Mansion House in Dublin after being called into session by Éamon de Valera, despite the British position that it would not recognize a government that was not part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.[78]
The Soviet Union government announced a partial revocation of its policy of prohibition against the sale of alcohol and allowed the manufacture and sale of beverages containing up to 14% (or 28 proof) alcohol, such as light wine.[79]
Former U.S. President Woodrow Wilson formally resumed the practice of law as an attorney licensed to practice in the District of Columbia and in the federal courts, as he opened the offices of Wilson & Colby at 1315 F Street in Washington. Wilson's partner in his law firm was Bainbridge Colby, the former U.S. Secretary of State.[80]
The treaty creating the Permanent Court of International Justice went into effect as Spain became the necessary 24th nation to ratify the agreement.[83] Other signatory nations were the United Kingdom and its dominions, along with Albania, Austria, Denmark, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland.
August 18, 1921 (Thursday)
British Prime Minister David Lloyd George convened a closed meeting of the British Cabinet to discuss whether the United Kingdom should continue its pursuit of the Balfour Declaration, the pledge to create a Jewish homeland in Palestine in the same area as the ancient Kingdom of Israel and Kingdom of Judah, or refer the Mandate for Palestine back to the League of Nations.[84] The discussion was prompted by reports that had reached the office of Winston Churchill, the Secretary of State for the Colonies, that Arabs and Jews in the area were securing weapons for themselves to prepare for a conflict. The two options presented to the cabinet were to withdraw from the Declaration, to allow the League of Nations to stop Jewish immigration into the area and to create an Arab national government in Palestine; or to pursue the Declaration and to create an armed Jewish force. Ultimately, no decision was made at the meeting and the plan to create a Jewish state would continue.
Born: Lydia Litvyak, Soviet fighter ace and the first woman pilot to shoot down an aircraft in combat; in Khrustalny, Ukraine (killed in combat, 1943)[85]
Died: Sir Samuel Cleland Davidson, 74, Irish engineer and inventor of the first air purification and cooling systems[86]
August 19, 1921 (Friday)
The United Kingdom government published the Railways Act 1921, providing for the amalgamation of British railway companies into four large groups, "The Big Four", effective January 1, 1923.[87]
Sheriff's deputies in Knoxville, Tennessee, fired guns into a lynch mob that was attempting to storm the Knox County Jail, wounding 26 people, two of them seriously. The leaders of a white crowd, estimated at 3,000 people, demanded that the deputies allow them to enter the jail to remove Frank Martin, an African-American suspected of the sexual assault of a white schoolteacher.[88] Sheriff William T. Cate confronted the crowd when it came within 100 feet (30 m) of the jail and "gave warning that an imaginary line between two telephone poles should not be crossed". When a dozen men defied the warning, Cate and four deputies with him fired shotguns into the air, and then were fired upon from four different people with revolvers, prompting the deputies begin shooting.
United States Steel Corporation cut wages for its employees for the third time since the year began, with mill workers to get 30 cents per hour effective August 29.[77]
Died: Dimitrios Rallis, 81, former Prime Minister of Greece who served five different times between 1897 and 1921[77]
August 20, 1921 (Saturday)
Litvinov
Maxim Litvinov, Foreign Minister of the Soviet Union, signed the first agreement between the Soviets and the United States, which was represented by Walter Lloyd Brown of the American Relief Administration, after agreeing to the terms of the A.R.A. for humanitarian aid to relieve the Russian famine. The agreement took place at the office of Latvia Prime Minister Zigfrids Meierovics in Riga.[91]
The Malabar rebellion began with the murder of two British officers and nine Indian officials at Tirurangadi in British India. The attack took place in what is now the Kerala state as local Muslims forced Hindus to convert to Islam or be killed.[92]
Berlin police arrested German serial killer Karl Grossmann at his apartment, after being called by his neighbors, and found the corpse of a woman, his last victim, on his bed. Grossman had killed and dismembered at least 20 women, and perhaps disposed of some of them in the course of selling sausage from a stall he operated on the Berlin streets. After testifying in his murder trial about the details of some of his murders, Grossmann would hang himself in prison on July 5, 1922, before a verdict could be rendered.[95][96]
Three days before the scheduled launch of the U.S. dirigible ZR-2 in England, The Observer, London's Sunday newspaper, warned in an investigative report that ZR-2 had structural defects, including girders within the frame that had bent under the weight of the airship. The newspaper speculated that repair of the defects would take at least three weeks or the flight would have to be postponed until 1922.[97]
From his hospital bed in Paris, King Alexander I of Yugoslavia took the oath of accession as required by the Yugoslavian Constitution to become the new monarch of the East European nation. "I proclaim to my dear people that I shall be faithful to my father's ideals and shall watch over the constitutional liberties and rights of citizens and defend the unity of the state," the new King said in a statement, and added, "Being prevented by illness from attending the obsequies of my father and exercising the royal authority, I charge my Cabinet to act for me in the exercise of the royal power... and to follow my instructions until my return to the country."[101]
In the aftermath of the Coto War between Panama and Costa Rica, Panamanian authorities evacuated the disputed town of Pueblo Nuevo de Coto, formed by the Panamanians on the banks of the Coto River but determined by an American commission to be in Costa Rican territory. A warning from U.S. Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes led the Panamanians to yield the town to the Costa Ricans.[77]
The French passenger ship Cordillère was driven ashore on the Tungsha Spit, at the mouth of the Yangtze River in China, along with the British cargo ship Glaucus and the Norwegian cargo ship Henrik, in a typhoon.[102] Cordillère's passengers and some of the crew were taken off on 24 August and all three ships were refloated on 5 September.[103]
The Battle of Sakarya, a turning point in the Greco-Turkish War, began near the city of Polatli between a Greek force of 120,000 soldiers and a Turkish defense force of over 96,000. The three week battle continued until September 13 when the Turks were able to force the surrender of the Greeks. Roughly 4,000 people died on each side[105]
Great Britain announced that its population for 1921 was 42,767,530 of whom almost 17.5% (7,476,168) lived in the London metropolitan area. In addition, because of losses during the Great War, women outnumbered men in Britain by a margin of 22 million to 20 million.[77]
Born: Kenneth Arrow, American economist and mathematician, 1972 Nobel Prize in Economics winner; in New York City (d. 2017)[106]
The crash of the U.S. R38 dirigible ZR-2, the world's largest airship, killed 44 of its crew of 49.[107]ZR-2 was on its fourth trial flight before its scheduled delivery to the U.S. Navy and had gone aloft at 7:00 in the morning. At 6:30 p.m., as the airship was returning to a landing at RNAS Howden in Yorkshire, it suffered a structural failure in midair, then exploded and crashed into the Humber Estuary. A subsequent investigation determined that the frame of girders buckled while the pilot was attempting to turn the airship at a speed of 50 miles per hour (80 km/h).[108]
The Dow Jones Industrial Average, measure of the performance of the New York Stock Exchange reached a low point of 63.9 after a steady decline that had started on November 3, 1919. For the next eight years, the stock market would make a steady climb ending in August 1929, prior to the stock market crash of October 24, 1929.[110]
In the civil war following the coup d'état in Iran, rebel forces vacated Rasht as Cossack forces loyal to the government arrived. .[111]
Died: Royal Air Force Commodore Edward Maitland, 41, British aviation pioneer, was killed in the crash of the R-38 airship Z-2[77]
Former Assistant U.S. Secretary of the Navy and future U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt, paralyzed from the waist down, was diagnosed with poliomyelitis by Dr Robert Lovett, a Boston specialist.[114] On September 15, Roosevelt would be brought back by train from Campobello Island, where he had contracted polio, to the Presbyterian Hospital in New York City.[115]
The ocean liner SS Prinz Friedrich Wilhelm made its first voyage as a cruise ship since the outbreak of World War One in 1914. Having been surrendered by Germany to the United States, the ship was sold to the Canadian Pacific Line and renamed SS Empress of India and chartered by the Cunard line to travel from Southampton to New York.
Cardinal Paulos Tzadua, the first Ethiopian Roman Catholic cardinal and Archbishop of Addis Ababa; in Addi Fini, Eritrea (d. 2003)[118]
U.S. Marine Corps General Edwin H. Simmons, American military officer and historian nicknamed "The Memory of the Marine Corps" for preserving the history of the USMC; in Billingsport, New Jersey (d. 2007).[119]
Nikolay Gumilyov, 35, Russian Acmeist poet and political dissident, was executed with 61 other defendants convicted of involvement in the fabricated Tagantsev conspiracy.[124][125][126]
Died:Friedrich Schumann, 28, German serial killer convicted of the murder of seven people, was beheaded at the Plötzensee Prison by Prussian executioner Carl Gröpler, who lopped off the convict's head with one blow of his axe.
Portugal's Prime Minister Tomé de Barros Queirós and his cabinet resigned after a dispute over whether "milicianos" —veteran military officers who had been drafted into the service and promoted (as opposed to those who had volunteered for the serve and completed officer training)— should be required to go through the training program.[132]
Moroccan Rif tribesmen at El Araish (called Larache by the Spanish occupiers), rebelled and killed 200 Spanish Army troops stationed in the garrison at Arba-el-Kola. The garrison would soon be recaptured by Spain.[77]
Troops of the Army of Nicaragua fought a battle against rebels who had come across the northern border from Honduras and reached the town of El Sauce.[77]
Nancy Kulp, American comedienne and character actress best known for portraying "Miss Hathaway" on The Beverly Hillbillies; in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania (d. 1991)[134]
After thousands of striking union coal miners, and strikebreakers hired by mining companies in the U.S. state of West Virginiawere armed and prepared to fight each other, U.S. President Warren G. Harding issued a proclamation giving the miners a 48-hour ultimatum, directing them to disperse by noon on September 1, and announcing that he was prepared to send U.S. Army troops and to declare martial law in five West Virginia counties affected by the violence.[138]
Legislative elections were held in the Australian state of Victoria. Premier Harry Lawson's minority Nationalist government remained the largest party and maintained the existing coalition.[139]
8,000 Austrian troops arrived at Burgenland held by Hungarian insurgents, but failed to take control of Ödenburg.[140] While Pinkafeld remained part of Austria, the showdown would ultimately prompt the League of Nations to sponsor the Sopron plebiscite in December for villages in the disputed Burgenland area.[141]
^"Spain's Moroccan Disaster Grows— Loss of Nador and Zeluan, With Garrison Massacres, Brings on Cabinet Crisis", The New York Times, August 6, 1921, p. 4
^"Jumped Into Seat to Escape Moors", The New York Times, August 7, 1921, p. 3
^"Coast Steamer Lost on California Reef; 12 Dead, 36 Missing", The New York Times, August 8, 1921, p. 1
^"Promise to Free Americans Monday— Russians Make the Pledge Through Chairman of Their Relief Committee", The New York Times, August 7, 1921, p. 1
^"Actress Esther Williams Hospitalized". ABClocal.go.com. Associated Press. October 25, 2006. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved July 30, 2010. While some references cited 1922 as her year of birth, Williams told The Associated Press in 2004 that she was born August 8, 1921.
^"J. D. Edgar, Ex-Golf Champion, Killed by an Auto in Atlanta", The New York Times, August 9, 1921, p. 1
^"Moors Capture Spanish General— Arab Chief Seizes Commander and Nine Officers of Beleaguered Column— 400 Slain in One Fight", The New York Times, August 12, 1921, p. 3
^"Arrest Gov. Small; Hold Him in $50,000", The New York Times, August 10, 1921, p. 1
^"American Captives, Ragged and Hungry, Safe Out of Russia", The New York Times, August 11, 1921, p. 1
^"Premier Replies to De Valera Note", The New York Times, August 14, 1921, p. 1
^"Litvinoff Yields on Relief Terms", The New York Times, August 14, 1921, p. 1
^"Hungarian Assembly Accepts Our Peace; Gives Unanimous Approval to Resolution and Authorizes Negotiations of a Treaty", The New York Times, August 14, 1921, p. 3
^"France Is Barred from Sharing First German Billion", The New York Times, August 15, 1921, p. 1
^Jones, David C. (2004). "Herbert W. Greenfield". In Bradford J. Rennie (ed.). Alberta Premiers of the Twentieth Century. Regina, Saskatchewan: Canadian Plains Research Center, University of Regina. p. 60. ISBN0-88977-151-0.
^Farley, Brigit, "King Aleksandar and the Royal Dictatorship in Yugoslavia," in Bernd J. Fischer (ed), Balkan Strongmen: Dictators and Authoritarian Rulers of Southeastern Europe (West Lafayette, IN, 2007) (Central European Studies), 51-86.
^"Jugoslav Prince Ill, Incognito, in Paris; Cannot Attend the Funeral of King Peter", The New York Times, August 19, 1921, p. 1
^"Askari, Nawab Khwaja Hasan", in Historical Dictionary of Bangladesh, by Syedur Rahman (Scarecrow Press, 2010) p. 89
^Christine Helms, The Cohesion of Saudi Arabia (Taylor & Francis, 1981)
^"Alexander Proclaims Accession to Throne", The New York Times, August 23, 1921, p. 3
^"Casualty reports". The Times. No. 42807. London. 24 August 1921. col G, p. 4.
^"Reinsurance rates". The Times. No. 42818. London. 6 September 1921. col B, p. 15.
^Ali A. Allawi, Faisal I of Iraq (Yale University Press, 2014) p. 379
^The Cambridge History of Turkey, ed. by Kate Fleet, Suraiya Faroqhi and Reşat Kasaba (Cambridge University Press, 2008) p. 138
^George R. Feiwel, Arrow and the Foundations of the Theory of Economic Policy (Springer, 2016) p.2
^"16 Americans, 27 British, Die in ZR-2 Wreck; Only 5 Are Saved; Explosion Rends Airship; She Falls Blazing into the River Humber", The New York Times, August 25, 1921, p. 1
^Katouzian, Homa (2006). "The 1921 Coup". State and Society in Iran: The Eclipse of the Qajars and the Emergence of the Pahlavis. London: Tauris. pp. 242–267. ISBN1845112725.
^"Peace Treaty with Germany Is Signed; We Hold Versailles Compact Rights, But Assume No League Obligations", The New York Times, August 26, 1921, p. 1
^"Rome Wreck Killed Thirty", The New York Times, August 29, 1921, p. 3
^"Incidente ferroviario della Magliana", Italian Wikipedia, citing "I commoventi funerali delle vittime della Magliana; I risultati dell'inchiesta", in La Stampa, September 1, 1921, p. 2, says 23 people died in the crash of passenger train number 4681, returning to Rome from Ladispoli
^Huberty, Michel; Alain Giraud; F. et B. Magdelaine. L'Allemagne Dynastique, Tome VI : Bade-Mecklembourg. p. 235.
^"Austrians Halt Burgenland March; Resistance of Hungarian Terrorist Bands Causes Great Anxiety in Vienna", The New York Times, August 29, 1921, p. 2
^ ab"Guardians of the Republic? Portugal's Guarda Nacional Republicana and the Politicians during the 'New World Republic', 1919-22", by Stewart Lloyd-Jones and Diego Palacios Cerezales, in Policing Interwar Europe: Continuity, Change and Crisis, 1918-40 (Springer, 2006) pp. 101-102
^"Harding Threatens Troops for Mingo Unless Miners Disperse by Tomorrow; Clash on Boone-Logan Line Imminent", The New York Times, August 31, 1921, p. 1
^Colin A Hughes, A Handbook of Australian Government and Politics 1890-1964, Canberra: Australian National University Press, 1968 (ISBN0708102700).
^"8,000 Austrians Enter Burgenland; Magyars Hold Oedenburg", The New York Times, August 30, 1921, p. 3
^Irredentist and National Questions in Central Europe, 1913-1939: Hungary, Seeds of Conflict series (Kraus Reprint, 1973) p. 69
Untuk album studio JKT48 yang dirilis pada tahun 2023, lihat Mahagita Vol. 2. Mahagita(The Greatest Songs)(神曲たち Kamikyokutachi)Sampul album ini didesain oleh Veranda dan menampilkan Desy, Yona, Vienny, Shani, Michelle, Yupi, Nabilah, Shania, Veranda, Haruka, Melody, dan KinalKompilasi terbaik karya JKT48Dirilis 23 Maret 2016Direkam2012-2016GenrePopBahasaIndonesiaLabelIndonesia Musik NusantaraProduserYasushi AkimotoKronologi JKT48 Heavy Rotation(2013)String Module Error: Match not ...
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Retired This user is no longer active on Wikipedia. This user talk page might be watched by friendly talk page stalkers, which means that someone other than me might reply to your query. Their input is welcome and their help with messages that I cannot reply to quickly is appreciated. I do not remove personal attacks directed at me from this page. If you spot any, please do not remove them, even if vile, as they speak more against the attacker than against me. Archives Archive 01 - May 05-May...
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Klassische Molekülstruktur der organischen Chemie – Benzolformel von Kekulé, dargestellt auf einer Briefmarke aus dem Jahre 1964 Die organische Chemie (kurz OC oder häufig auch Organik) ist ein Teilgebiet der Chemie. Darin werden die chemischen Verbindungen behandelt, die auf Kohlenstoff basieren, abgesehen von einigen Ausnahmen wie manchen anorganischen Kohlenstoffverbindungen und dem elementaren (reinen) Kohlenstoff. Die große Bindungsfähigkeit des Kohlenstoffatoms ermöglicht eine V...
العلاقات الإثيوبية الزيمبابوية إثيوبيا زيمبابوي إثيوبيا زيمبابوي تعديل مصدري - تعديل العلاقات الإثيوبية الزيمبابوية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين إثيوبيا وزيمبابوي.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين...
Xie Siyi Informações pessoais Nascimento 28 de março de 1996 (27 anos)Shantou, China Nacionalidade chinês Compleição Peso: 68 kg • Altura: 1,70 m Treinador(a)(es/s) Zhou Jihong Medalhas Jogos Olímpicos Ouro Tóquio 2020 Trampolim 3 m Ouro Tóquio 2020 Trampolim 3 m sinc. Xie Siyi (chinês: 彭勃, pinyin: Péng Bó; Shantou, 28 de março de 1996) é um saltador chinês, campeão olímpico. Carreira Siyi conquistou a medalha de ouro nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 202...
American romantic comedy television series Manhattan Love StoryGenreRomantic comedyCreated byJeff LowellStarring Lio Tipton[a] Jake McDorman Nicolas Wright Jade Catta-Preta Chloé Wepper Kurt Fuller Theme music composerAlec PuroCountry of originUnited StatesOriginal languageEnglishNo. of seasons1No. of episodes11 (7 unaired on ABC)ProductionExecutive producers Jeff Lowell Jon Liebman Robin Schwartz Peter Traugott Rachel Kaplan Michael Fresco Camera setupSingle-cameraRunning time22 min...
Part of central Cairo around the old walled city Historic CairoUNESCO World Heritage SiteLocationCairo Governorate, EgyptIncludes Al-Fustat Mosque of Ahmed Ibn Tulun, The Citadel Area, The Fatimid Nucleus of Cairo, Necropolis Al-Imam ash-Shaf'i Necropolis As-Sayyidah Nafisah Necropolis Qayitbay Necropolis CriteriaCultural: (i), (v), (vi)Reference89Inscription1979 (3rd Session)Area523.66 ha (1,294.0 acres)Coordinates30°02′45.61″N 31°15′45.78″E / 30.0460028°...
British animation studio This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: HOT Animation – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2014) (Learn ho...
2008 live album by Robbie BashoBonn ist SupremeLive album by Robbie BashoReleasedApril 7, 2008 (2008-04-07)RecordedNovember 24, 1980 (1980-11-24)VenueKulturforum, Bonn, GermanyGenreAmerican PrimitivismLength66:23LabelBo'WeavilProducerGlenn JonesRobbie Basho chronology Băshovia(2001) Bonn ist Supreme(2008) Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingPopMatters(8/10)[1] Bonn ist Supreme is a live performance album by composer and guitarist Robbie ...
1998 video gameBushido Blade 2North American box artDeveloper(s)Light WeightPublisher(s)JP: SquareNA: Square Electronic ArtsDirector(s)Kunihiko NakataProducer(s)Tetsuhisa TsuruzonoComposer(s)Ryuji SasaiPlatform(s)PlayStationReleaseJP: March 12, 1998[2][3]NA: October 29, 1998[1]Genre(s)FightingMode(s)Single-player, multiplayer Bushido Blade 2 (ブシドーブレード弐, Bushidō Burēdo Tsu) is a fighting video game published by Square, released in Japan and North Ame...
Centre de formation de l'AJ AuxerreGénéralitésAdresse Route de Vaux, 89000 AuxerreConstruction et ouvertureDébut de construction 7 décembre 1981Ouverture 1982Inauguration 27 septembre 1982 (ancien centre) 8 septembre 2014 (nouveau centre)UtilisationClubs résidents AJ AuxerrePropriétaire AJ AuxerreAdministration AJ AuxerreLocalisationCoordonnées 47° 47′ 09″ N, 3° 35′ 26″ ELocalisation sur la carte de FranceLocalisation sur la carte de Bourgogne-F...
Japanese manga and anime series For the general term, see Schoolgirl. For the school in Brooklyn, see Girl's High School. High School GirlsEriko Takahashi on the cover of High School Girls, vol. 1女子高生(Joshi Kōsei) MangaWritten byTowa OshimaPublished byFutabashaEnglish publisherUS: DrMasterJMangaMagazineManga Action (2001–2004)Comic High! (2004–2006)DemographicSeinenOriginal runMarch 2001 – 2006Volumes9 Anime television seriesGirl's HighDirected byYoshitaka Fujimo...
Video game series For other uses, see Gang Star. Video game seriesGangstarGangstar Rio: City of Saints title screenGenre(s)Action-adventureDeveloper(s) Gameloft Montreal / Gameloft Montréal Gameloft Kharkiv Gameloft Tokyo Publisher(s)GameloftPlatform(s) Mobile phone Java ME BREW DoJa BlackBerry OS Nintendo DSi Mac OS X Android iOS Microsoft Windows First releaseGangstar: Crime CityOctober 2006Latest releaseGangstar New Orleans30 March 2017 Gangstar is a series of open-world action-adventure ...
Летиція Дошфр. Lætitia Dosch Летиція Дош у 2014 роціДата народження 1 вересня 1980(1980-09-01)[1] (43 роки)Місце народження Париж, Франція[2]Громадянство Франція ШвейцаріяПрофесія акторкаAlma mater Курси ФлоранРоки активності 2009 — наш часIMDb ID 3270435Нагороди та премії прем...
Indian-Marathi game show Kon Honar CrorepatiAlso known asKon Hoeel Marathi CrorepatiPresented bySachin Khedekar (1-2; 5-7) Swapnil Joshi (3) Nagraj Manjule (4)Country of originIndiaOriginal languageMarathiNo. of seasons7No. of episodes192ProductionCamera setupMulti-cameraRunning time60–90 minutesOriginal releaseNetworkETV Marathi (1–3) Sony Marathi (4–7)Release6 May 2013 (2013-05-06) –12 August 2023 (2023-08-12) Kon Hoeel Marathi Crorepati or Kon Honar Crorepati (transl...
يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (ديسمبر 2018) زياد غرسة زياد غرسة معلومات شخصية الميلاد 17 مارس 1975 (العمر 49 سنة)تونس مواطنة تونس الديانة مسلم الحياة ...
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