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Africa Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC)
Agency overview
Formed	2016; 9 years ago
Status	Active
Headquarters	16/17, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Parent department	African Union
Website	https://africacdc.org/

The Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) is a public health agency of the African Union to support the public health initiatives of member states and strengthen the capacity of their health institutions to deal with disease threats. The idea of an African CDC was proposed by the government of Ethiopia in 2013, during a TB/HIV special summit in Abuja, Nigeria. From 2013 to 2016, the modalities and statute of Africa CDC were developed, and the specialized agency was officially launched in January 2017.^[1]

The agency is headquartered in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

History

The Africa CDC was established in 2016 by the 26th Ordinary Assembly of Heads of State and Government to improve coordination among health institutions among African Union member states in dealing with disease threats.^[1] African Union member states had first considered the idea of establishing a continent wide public health agency in 2013 at an AU Special Summit on HIV, Tuberculosis and Malaria in Abuja Nigeria (July 2013). The idea was proposed by the government of Ethiopia, then the Chair of the AU. The Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014 accelerated the establishment of the Africa CDC, and also shaped perceptions of what its main purpose was to be and strengthened the importance of health emergency prevention and response. In July 2015, the African Union Ministers of Health meeting in Malabo had adopted the Statute of the Africa CDC, which called for fast-tracking the establishment of the institution.^[2] The agency was officially launched in January 2017.^[1]^[3]^[4]

2019–21 COVID-19 pandemic

The Africa CDC has played a role in responding to the global 2019–20 COVID-19 pandemic, which has affected Africa. In early April 2020, Director Dr John Nkengasong condemned remarks by two French scientists Professors Jean-Paul Mira and Camille Locht suggesting that a potential tuberculosis vaccine for the coronavirus be test in Africa as "disgusting and racist". Dr Mira has since apologized for his remarks.^[5]^[6]^[7]

On 2 May 2020, the Africa CDC confirmed had nearly 40,000 cases, nearly 1,700 deaths, and more than 13,000 recoveries, and that COVID-19 had occurred in 53 African countries.^[8] As of June 18, 2020, Africa CDC reported that 52 African Union Member States recorded a number of 267,519 cases, 7197 deaths, and 122,661 recoveries.^[9] Egypt, Algeria, and South Africa were considered the countries with the highest risk to import the virus and with a moderate to high capability to block the virus outbreak.^[9]

The Africa CDC has also worked with the Jack Ma Foundation to distribute COVID-19 testing kits throughout the continent. In 7 May, Dr Nkengasong disputed Tanzanian President John Magufuli's criticism that these tests were faulty and giving too many false positives.^[10]

On 6 January 2021, the Africa CDC reported that the total number of cases in Africa has reached 2,854,971 while the death toll has reached 67,986 and that 2,361,900 have recovered.^[11] On May 21, 2021, 55 member states of the African Union declared 4,732,150 cases, 127,612 deaths, and 4,238,275 recoveries.^[12]

On 13 April 2021, the Partnership for African Vaccine Manufacturing was launched, aiming to increase vaccine production in Africa. Rwanda, Senegal, and South Africa were identified as countries where mRNA vaccines might be produced. Africa CDC aims to have 60% of vaccines used in Africa be produced in Africa by 2040, as opposed to less than 1% in 2021.^[13]

An African Epidemics Fund was agreed to in a February 2022 meeting. It is expected that its governance framework will be in place by July 2023. Separately, the Africa CDC is seeking "implementing entity" status in the World Bank's Pandemic Fund.^[14]

Mpox

In August 2024, Africa CDC declared the 2024 mpox outbreak a Public Health Emergency of Continental Security, as it spread into other African countries from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.^[15]

Organizational structure

The Africa CDC is based at the Africa CDC Coordinating Centre in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, which also contains the agency's Emergency Operations Centre.^[3]^[4] The agency were led by Director Dr John Nkengasong and Deputy Director Ahmed Ogwell Ouma. Besides its Executive Office and a Science and Programme Office, the agency also has several divisions dealing with "policy, health diplomacy, and communication," "management and administration," "surveillance and disease intelligence," "laboratory systems and networks," "emergency preparedness and response," and " public health institutes and research."^[16]

Since February 2023, the General Director appointed by the AU assembly is Dr Jean Kaseya from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. ^[17]

The Africa CDC also has regional collaboration centres in Egypt, Nigeria, Gabon, Zambia and Kenya; which cover Northern Africa, Western Africa, Central Africa, Southern Africa, and Eastern Africa respectively.^[3]^[4]^[18] The Africa CDC also runs a specialised Pathogen Genomics Intelligence Institute and an Institute for Workforce Development.^[19]

Buildings

In 2018, at the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China–Africa Cooperation, China announced the construction of the African CDC headquarters as a flagship project in its partnership with Africa, following the success of the AU Conference Center and Office Complex.^[20] By December 2020, groundbreaking had already begun ahead of schedule, and in November 2021, the main structure was topped out. In January 2023, the first phase of construction was completed.^[21]^[22] This phase, covering nearly 23,600 square meters, was led by the China Civil Engineering Group Corporation and includes two office buildings and two laboratory buildings, housing office spaces, an emergency response center, information center, biological laboratories, and apartments for experts.^[23] On January 11, 2023, Chinese Foreign Minister Qin Gang attended the completion ceremony, announcing that the CDC headquarters would be transferred to the African Union, which will assume full responsibility for its operation and management.^[24]^[25]