The 2016–17 season was Associazione Sportiva Roma's 89th in existence and 88th season in the top flight of Italian football. The team competed in four competitions: in Serie A, finishing as runners-up for the third time in four seasons; the Coppa Italia, where they were eliminated in the semi-finals by city rivals Lazio; the UEFA Champions League, where the club was eliminated in the play-off round by Portuguese club Porto; and in the UEFA Europa League, in which the team reached the round of 16 only to be eliminated by eventual semi-finalists Lyon.
The season was notable for being club legend and veteran Francesco Totti's 24th and last, as his retirement as a Roma player was confirmed shortly before the last match of the season against Genoa. In addition, Bosnian striker Edin Džeko won the prestigious top scorer award in Serie A, the capocannoniere, with 29 goals, becoming the first Roma player in a decade to win the award. He also won the top scorer award in the Europa League with eight goals, tied with Zenit Saint Petersburg striker Giuliano.