2004 European Parliament election in Spain

2004 European Parliament election in Spain

13 June 2004
All 54[a] Spanish seats in the European Parliament
Opinion polls
Registered	34,706,044 2.6%
Turnout	15,666,491 (45.1%) 17.9 pp
First party Second party Third party   Leader Josep Borrell Jaime Mayor Oreja Ignasi Guardans Party PSOE PP Galeusca Alliance PES EPP–ED ELDR (ALDE) EPP Leader since 2 May 2004 22 April 2004 18 January 2004 Leader's seat Spain Spain Spain Last election 24 seats, 35.3% 27 seats, 39.7% 4 seats, 8.0%[b] Seats won 25 24 2 Seat change 1 3 2 Popular vote 6,741,112 6,393,192 798,816 Percentage 43.5% 41.2% 5.1% Swing 8.2 pp 1.5 pp 2.9 pp   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Willy Meyer Bernat Joan Alejandro Rojas-Marcos Party IU–ICV–EUiA Europe of the Peoples (2004) CE Alliance GUE/NGL Greens/EFA Greens/EFA ELDR (ALDE) Greens/EFA Leader since 8 May 2004 17 April 1999 2004 Leader's seat Spain Spain Spain Last election 4 seats, 6.5%[c] 2 seats, 1.1%[d] 2 seats, 3.4%[e] Seats won 2 1 0 Seat change 2 1 2 Popular vote 643,136 380,709 197,231 Percentage 4.1% 2.5% 1.3% Swing 2.4 pp 1.4 pp 2.1 pp
Winner strength by province Winner strength by autonomous community

The 2004 European Parliament election in Spain was held on Sunday, 13 June 2004, as part of the EU-wide election to elect the 6th European Parliament. All 54 seats allocated to Spain as per the Treaty of Nice were up for election.^[a]

The election saw a close race between the centre-left Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), which had accessed power earlier in April in the wake of the 11M train bombings leading up to the 14 March general election, and the centre-right People's Party (PP), still reeling from its election defeat. It marked the only time the PSOE emerged as the largest party in a European Parliament election in Spain between 1989 and 2019. It also saw a considerable drop in turnout down to 45.1%, the lowest up until that point—a figure that would be outmatched by the turnout in the two subsequent European Parliament elections, 2009 (44.9%) and 2014 (43.8%).

Electoral system

54 members of the European Parliament were allocated to Spain as per the Treaty of Nice.^[a] Voting was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals and resident non-national European citizens over 18 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political rights.^[1][2]

All seats were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with no electoral threshold being applied to be entitled to enter seat distribution. Seats were allocated to a single multi-member constituency comprising the entire national territory.^[1] The use of the electoral method resulted in an effective threshold based on the district magnitude and the distribution of votes among candidacies.^[3]

Outgoing delegation

Main article: List of members of the European Parliament for Spain, 1999–2004

Outgoing delegation in May 2004^[4]

Groups		Parties		MEPs
				Seats	Total
	European People's Party–European Democrats		PP	26	28
			UPN	1
			UDC	1
	Party of European Socialists		PSOE	23	24
			LV	1
	European United Left–Nordic Green Left		IU	4	4
	Greens–European Free Alliance		BNG	1	4
			ERC	1
			PAR	1
			BNV	1
	European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party		CDC	1	3
			EAJ/PNV	1
			UV	1
	Non-Inscrits		INDEP	1[f]	1

Parties and candidates

The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call. In order to be entitled to run, parties, federations, coalitions and groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least 15,000 registered electors; this requirement could be lifted and replaced through the signature of at least 50 elected officials—deputies, senators, MEPs or members from the legislative assemblies of autonomous communities or from local city councils. Electors and elected officials were disallowed from signing for more than one list of candidates.^[1]

Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election:

Candidacy		Parties and alliances	Leading candidate		Ideology	Previous result		Ref.
						Votes (%)	Seats
	PP	List People's Party (PP) Navarrese People's Union (UPN)		Jaime Mayor Oreja	Conservatism Christian democracy	39.74%	27	[5]
	PSOE	List Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC) The Greens (LV)		Josep Borrell	Social democracy	35.33%	24	[6]
	Galeusca	List Convergence and Union (CiU) Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG) Valencian Nationalist Bloc (BNV) PSM–Nationalist Agreement (PSM–EN)		Ignasi Guardans	Peripheral nationalism	8.02%[b]	4	[7] [8]
	IU–ICV–EUiA	List United Left (IU) Initiative for Catalonia Greens–United and Alternative Left (ICV–EUiA) Republican Left (IR) Independent Socialists of Extremadura (SIEx) Bloc for Asturias (BA) The Greens of the Balearic Islands (EVIB)		Willy Meyer	Socialism Communism	6.51%[c]	4	[9] [10]
	CE	List Andalusian Party (PA) Canarian Coalition (CC) Valencian Union (UV) Aragonese Party (PAR) Majorcan Union (UM) Convergence of Democrats of Navarre (CDN) United Extremadura (EU) Asturianist Party (PAS)		Alejandro Rojas-Marcos	Regionalism	3.44%[e]	2
	EdP	List Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) Basque Solidarity (EA) Aragonese Union (CHA) Socialist Party of Andalusia (PSA) Left Assembly–Initiative for Andalusia (A–IZ) Andecha Astur (AA) Cantabrian Nationalist Council (CNC) Citizen Initiative of La Rioja (ICLR)		Bernat Joan	Peripheral nationalism	1.11%[d]	2

The abertzale left tried to run under the umbrella of the Herritarren Zerrenda list (Basque for "Citizens' List").^[11][12] However, the Spanish Supreme Court annulled HZ lists and banned them from running on 22 May 2004, as it considered that the candidacy's promoters and half of its candidates had links with the outlawed Batasuna and with the ETA environment.^[13]

Opinion polls

The tables below list opinion polling results in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a poll.

Voting intention estimates

The table below lists weighted voting intention estimates. Refusals are generally excluded from the party vote percentages, while question wording and the treatment of "don't know" responses and those not intending to vote may vary between polling organisations. When available, seat projections determined by the polling organisations are displayed below (or in place of) the percentages in a smaller font.

Color key:

  Exit poll

Polling firm/Commissioner	Fieldwork date	Sample size	Turnout			GEC		CE	EP	Lead
2004 EP election	13 Jun 2004	—	45.1	41.2 24	43.5 25	5.1 2	4.1 2	1.3 0	2.5 1	2.3
Sigma Dos/Antena 3[p 1][p 2]	13 Jun 2004	?	?	39.5– 41.5 22/24	42.0– 44.0 23/25	6.0 3	5.0 2/3	1.6 0/1	2.4 1	2.5
Ipsos–Eco/RTVE[p 1][p 2]	13 Jun 2004	?	?	39.9 21/24	43.4 23/26	5.5 2/3	4.4 1/2	1.7 0/1	2.6 1/2	3.5
Celeste-Tel/La Razón[p 2][p 3]	6 Jun 2004	1,202	?	37.2 21/22	46.1 26/27	5.2 2/3	4.6 2	1.3 0	3.0 1	8.9
Noxa/La Vanguardia[p 4]	31 May–3 Jun 2004	1,200	?	37.4 22	46.1 27	4.9 2	4.8 2	1.5 0	2.4 1	8.7
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[p 2][p 5]	1–2 Jun 2004	1,000	?	37.9 21/23	42.6 24/26	5.2 2/3	5.2 2/3	1.7 0/1	3.1 1	4.7
TNS Demoscopia/ABC[p 6]	31 May–2 Jun 2004	2,005	55–60	38.4 22	46.7 27	4.6 2	3.7 2	1.1 0	2.2 1	8.3
CIS[p 7][p 8]	19–26 May 2004	4,781	76.7	36.7 22	46.3 27	5.0 2	4.4 2	1.5 0	3.1 1	9.6
Opina/El País[p 9][p 10]	24 May 2004	1,000	?	37.0	43.0	6.0	5.0	1.5	2.5	6.0
Opina/Cadena SER[p 11][p 12]	13 May 2004	1,000	?	37.0	45.0	6.0	5.0	1.5	2.5	8.0
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[p 13][p 14]	26 Apr 2004	?	?	39.2	45.1	2.1	3.6	–	–	5.9
Vox Pública/El Periódico[p 15][p 16]	13–15 Apr 2004	1,501	?	36.5 21/22	42.2 25	5.7 3	5.8 3	? 0/1	2.3 1	5.7
Burson-Marsteller[p 17]	13 Apr 2004	?	?	38.6 23	35.5 22	–	–	–	–	3.1
Opina/El País[p 18][p 19]	30 Mar 2004	1,000	?	38.8	45.9	4.2	5.3	–	–	7.1
Celeste-Tel[p 20][p 21]	14 Feb 2001	1,156	?	38.4 27	37.9 27	4.5 3	4.1 2	3.3 2	–	0.5
1999 EP election	13 Jun 1999	—	63.0	39.7 27	35.3 24	8.0 4	6.5 4	3.4 2	1.1 2	4.4

Voting preferences

The table below lists raw, unweighted voting preferences.

Polling firm/Commissioner	Fieldwork date	Sample size			GEC		CE	EP	?	N	Lead
2004 EP election	13 Jun 2004	—	18.8	19.7	2.4	1.9	0.6	1.1	—	54.1	0.9
TNS Demoscopia/ABC[p 6]	31 May–2 Jun 2004	2,005	22.0	27.5	2.4	2.1	0.6	1.2	39.1	2.6	5.5
CIS[p 7]	19–26 May 2004	4,781	20.7	39.8	2.6	2.8	0.5	1.4	22.8	8.2	19.1
Vox Pública/El Periódico[p 15]	13–15 Apr 2004	1,501	22.3	28.2	–	–	–	–	–	–	5.9
1999 EP election	13 Jun 1999	—	25.4	22.5	5.1	4.2	2.1	0.6	—	35.7	2.9

Victory preferences

The table below lists opinion polling on the victory preferences for each party in the event of a European Parliament election taking place.

Polling firm/Commissioner	Fieldwork date	Sample size			GEC		CE	EP	Other/ None	?	Lead
Noxa/La Vanguardia[p 4]	31 May–3 Jun 2004	1,200	31.0	50.0	2.0	3.0	–	2.0	5.0	7.0	19.0
CIS[p 7]	19–26 May 2004	4,781	24.4	49.1	2.0	2.7	0.1	1.1	5.0	15.5	24.7
Opina/El País[p 10]	24 May 2004	1,000	27.8	47.3	–	–	–	–	2.7	22.2	19.5
Opina/Cadena SER[p 12]	13 May 2004	1,000	28.5	47.8	–	–	–	–	3.2	20.5	19.3

Victory likelihood

The table below lists opinion polling on the perceived likelihood of victory for each party in the event of a European Parliament election taking place.

Polling firm/Commissioner	Fieldwork date	Sample size			Other/ None	?	Lead
Noxa/La Vanguardia[p 4]	31 May–3 Jun 2004	1,200	22.0	59.0	1.0	18.0	37.0
CIS[p 7]	19–26 May 2004	4,781	12.3	57.2	0.8	29.7	44.9
Opina/El País[p 10]	24 May 2004	1,000	16.0	48.3	0.3	35.4	32.3
Opina/Cadena SER[p 12]	13 May 2004	1,000	18.0	49.2	1.9	30.9	31.2

Results

Overall

For results by autonomous community/constituency, see Results breakdown of the 2004 European Parliament election in Spain.

← Summary of the 13 June 2004 European Parliament election results in Spain →

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	6,741,112	43.46	+8.13	25	+1
	People's Party (PP)	6,393,192	41.21	+1.47	24	–3
	Galeusca–Peoples of Europe (Galeusca)^1	798,816	5.15	–2.87	2	–2
	United Left–Initiative for Catalonia Greens–EUiA (IU–ICV–EUiA)^2	643,136	4.15	–2.36	2	–2
	Europe of the Peoples (EdP)^3	380,709	2.45	+1.34	1	–1
	European Coalition (CE)^4	197,231	1.27	–2.17	0	–2
	The Greens–European Green Group (LV–GVE)^5	68,536	0.44	–0.22	0	±0
	Cannabis Party for Legalisation and Normalisation (PCLyN)	54,460	0.35	New	0	±0
	Aralar (Aralar)	19,993	0.13	New	0	±0
	Socialist Action Party (PASOC)	13,810	0.09	New	0	±0
	Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)	11,820	0.08	–0.10	0	±0
	For a Fairer World (PUM+J)	9,202	0.06	New	0	±0
	Popular Unity Candidacy (CUP)	8,180	0.05	New	0	±0
	Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI)^6	7,976	0.05	+0.02	0	±0
	Family and Life Party (PFyV)	7,958	0.05	New	0	±0
	New Green Left (NIV)	6,876	0.04	New	0	±0
	National Democracy (DN)	6,314	0.04	±0.00	0	±0
	The Phalanx (FE)	5,935	0.04	–0.01	0	±0
	The Unemployed (Los Parados)	5,314	0.03	New	0	±0
	Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC)	5,267	0.03	–0.03	0	±0
	Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)	4,484	0.03	New	0	±0
	Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain–Internationalist Struggle (PCPE–LI)	4,281	0.03	–0.09	0	±0
	Humanist Party (PH)	3,923	0.03	–0.03	0	±0
	Spanish Democratic Party (PADE)	3,454	0.02	–0.06	0	±0
	Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country (PREPAL)	3,308	0.02	–0.01	0	±0
	Catalan State (EC)	2,594	0.02	New	0	±0
	We–People's Unity (Nós–UP)	2,516	0.02	New	0	±0
	Authentic Phalanx (FA)	2,008	0.01	New	0	±0
	Liberal Coalition (CL)	1,719	0.01	New	0	±0
	Carlist Party (PC)	1,600	0.01	New	0	±0
	Liberal Centrist Union (UCL)	1,544	0.01	New	0	±0
	Basque Citizens (EH)	n/a	n/a	–1.45	0	–1
Blank ballots		95,014	0.61	–1.08
Total		15,512,282			54	–10
Valid votes		15,512,282	99.02	–0.19
Invalid votes		154,209	0.98	+0.19
Votes cast / turnout		15,666,491	45.14	–17.91
Abstentions		19,039,553	54.86	+17.91
Registered voters		34,706,044
Sources[14][15]
Footnotes: ^1 Galeusca–Peoples of Europe results are compared to the combined totals of Convergence and Union, Nationalist Coalition–Europe of the Peoples in the Basque Country and Navarre and Galician Nationalist Bloc in the 1999 election. ^2 United Left–Initiative for Catalonia Greens–EUiA results are compared to the combined totals of United Left–United and Alternative Left and The Greens–Left of the Peoples in Catalonia in the 1999 election. ^3 Europe of the Peoples results are compared to the combined totals of Nationalist Coalition–Europe of the Peoples—not including results in the Balearic Islands, the Basque Country and Navarre—, The Greens–Left of the Peoples in Aragon and Andecha Astur in the 1999 election. ^4 European Coalition (2004) results are compared to the combined totals of European Coalition (1999), Nationalist Coalition–Europe of the Peoples in the Balearic Islands, United Extremadura and Asturianist Party in the 1999 election. ^5 The Greens–European Green Group results are compared to The Greens–Green Group totals in the 1999 election. ^6 Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party results are compared to Coalition for the Repeal of the Maastricht Treaty totals in the 1999 election.

Popular vote PSOE   43.46% PP   41.21% Galeusca   5.15% IU–ICV–EUiA   4.15% EdP   2.45% CE   1.27% Others   1.70% Blank ballots   0.61%

Seats PSOE   46.30% PP   44.44% Galeusca   3.70% IU–ICV–EUiA   3.70% EdP   1.85%

Distribution by European group

Summary of political group distribution in the 6th European Parliament (2004–2009)^[4]

Groups		Parties	Seats	Total	%
	Party of European Socialists (PES)	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	24	24	44.44
	European People's Party–European Democrats (EPP–ED)	People's Party (PP) Navarrese People's Union (UPN)	23 1	24	44.44
	Greens–European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA)	Confederation of the Greens (LV) Initiative for Catalonia Greens (ICV) Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC)	1 1 1	3	5.56
	Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE)	Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC) Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)	1 1	2	3.70
	European United Left–Nordic Green Left (GUE/NGL)	United Left (IU)	1	1	1.85
Total			54	54	100.00

Elected legislators

The following table lists the elected legislators:^[16]

Elected legislators
#	Name	List
1	Josep Borrell Fontelles		PSOE
2	Jaime María Mayor Oreja		PP
3	Rosa María Díez González		PSOE
4	Luisa Fernanda Rudi Úbeda		PP
5	Enrique Barón Crespo		PSOE
6	José Gerardo Galeote Quecedo		PP
7	Raimon Obiols i Germá		PSOE
8	Alejo Vidal-Quadras Roca		PP
9	María Elena Valenciano Martínez-Orozco		PSOE
10	Ana Mato Adrover		PP
11	Luis Yáñez-Barnuevo García		PSOE
12	Cristóbal Ricardo Montoro Romero		PP
13	Bárbara Dührkop Dührkop		PSOE
14	José Manuel García-Margallo Marfil		PP
15	Carlos Carnero González		PSOE
16	María del Carmen Fraga Estévez		PP
17	Ignasi Guardans Cambó		Galeusca
18	Manuel Medina Ortega		PSOE
19	José Javier Pomes Ruiz		PP
20	Inés Ayala Sender		PSOE
21	Willy Meyer Pleite		IU–ICV–EUiA
22	Pilar del Castillo Vera		PP
23	Emilio Menéndez del Valle		PSOE
24	Luis de Grandes Pascual		PP
25	Antolín Sánchez Presedo		PSOE
26	Luis Herrero-Tejedor Algar		PP
27	Iratxe García Pérez		PSOE
28	Agustín Díaz de Mera García Consuegra		PP
29	Joan Calabuig Rull		PSOE
30	Fernando Manuel Fernández Martín		PP
31	Francisca Pleguezuelos Aguilar		PSOE
32	Carlos José Iturgaiz Angulo		PP
33	Alejandro Cercas Alonso		PSOE
34	Antonio López-Istúriz White		PP
35	Josu Ortuondo Larrea		Galeusca
36	Antonio Masip Hidalgo		PSOE
37	Bernat Joan i Marí		EdP
38	Francisco José Millán Mon		PP
39	María Badía i Cutxet		PSOE
40	Íñigo Méndez de Vigo Montojo		PP
41	Miguel Ángel Martínez Martínez		PSOE
42	David Hammerstein Mintz		PSOE
43	María del Pilar Ayuso González		PP
44	Raül Romeva Rueda		IU–ICV–EUiA
45	Rosa Miguélez Ramos		PSOE
46	José Ignacio Salafranca Sánchez-Neyra		PP
47	Javier Moreno Sánchez		PSOE
48	Cristina Gutiérrez-Cortines Corral		PP
49	Teresa Riera Madurell		PSOE
50	Salvador Garriga Polledo		PP
51	María Isabel Salinas García		PSOE
52	Daniel Luis Varela Suanzes-Carpegna		PP
53	María Sornosa Martínez		PSOE
54	María Esther Herranz García		PP

Notes

1. Note that while the Treaty of Nice initially allocated 50 seats to Spain, it provided for a total European Parliament size of 732 which—as a result of Bulgaria and Romania not acceessing the European Union until 2007—allowed for Spain to be awarded four additional seats, which it maintained for the entire 2004–2009 term.
2. Results for CiU (4.43%, 3 seats), CN–EP in the Basque Country and Navarre (1.94%, 0 seats), and BNG (1.65%, 1 seat) in the 1999 election.
3. Results for IU–EUiA (5.77%, 4 seats) and LV–IP in Catalonia (0.74%, 0 seats) in the 1999 election.
4. Results for CN–EP, not including the Balearic Islands, the Basque Country and Navarre (0.87%, 2 seats), LV–IP in Aragon (0.21%, 0 seats) and Andecha Astur (0.03%, 0 seats) in the 1999 election.
5. Results for CE (3.20%, 2 seats), CN–EP in the Balearic Islands (0.10%, 0 seats), EU (0.07%, 0 seats) and PAS (0.07%, 0 seats) in the 1999 election.
6. Koldo Gorostiaga, former EH MEP.

References

Opinion poll sources

1. "Lo que pronosticaron los sondeos a pie de urna". Libertad Digital (in Spanish). Retrieved 13 June 2004.
2. "Sondejos". Generalitat de Catalunya (in Catalan). Retrieved 16 June 2018.
3. "Los sondeos dan la victoria a Borrell el 13-J aunque Mayor Oreja empieza a recortar diferencias". Libertad Digital (in Spanish). Retrieved 6 June 2004.
4. "El PSOE amplía la ventaja del 14-M". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 6 June 2004.
5. "El PSOE supera al PP en 4,7 puntos a una semana de las elecciones europeas". El Mundo (in Spanish). 6 June 2004.
6. "El PSOE ganará las elecciones europeas y el PP recuperará parte de los votos perdidos el 14-M". ABC (in Spanish). 6 June 2004.
7. "Preelectoral elecciones al Parlamento Europeo, 2004 (Estudio nº 2564. Mayo 2004)". CIS (in Spanish). 3 June 2004.
8. "El PSOE revalidará y aumentará en las europeas su triunfo del 14-M, según el CIS". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 4 June 2004.
9. "El PSOE, claro favorito para el 13-J". El País (in Spanish). 30 May 2004.
10. "Informe. Encuesta España. Mayo 2004" (PDF). Instituto Opina (in Spanish). 30 May 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 May 2005. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
11. "El PSOE arranca la campaña a las europeas con 8 puntos de ventaja sobre el PP". Cadena SER (in Spanish). 27 May 2004.
12. "Elecciones Europeas 13 de junio de 2004". Cadena SER (in Spanish). 27 May 2004. Archived from the original on 5 June 2004. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
13. "Un 67% de los españoles respalda la retirada de las tropas de Irak". El Mundo (in Spanish). 26 April 2004.
14. "Intención de voto. Encuesta El Mundo-Sigma Dos" (PDF). El Mundo (in Spanish). 10 February 2008.
15. "Los socialistas, con ventaja en las elecciones europeas". El Periódico de Aragón (in Spanish). 25 April 2004.
16. "EMPRESA: VOX PUBLICA". El Periódico de Aragón (in Spanish). 25 April 2004.
17. "Un sondeo otorga la mayoría al centro-derecha en la Eurocámara". El País (in Spanish). 14 April 2004.
18. "El PSOE ganará también las europeas". El País (in Spanish). 4 April 2004.
19. "Informe. Encuesta España. Abril 2004" (PDF). Instituto Opina (in Spanish). 4 April 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 May 2005. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
20. "Intención de voto 14 febrero 2001". Celeste-Tel (in Spanish). 14 February 2001. Archived from the original on 23 June 2003. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
21. "Intención de voto 14 febrero 2001. Ficha técnica". Celeste-Tel (in Spanish). 14 February 2001. Archived from the original on 22 June 2003. Retrieved 24 February 2021.

Other

1. Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General. BOE (in Spanish). Vol. 147. Spain: Jefatura del Estado [Head of State]. 20 June 1985. BOE-A-1985-11672. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
2. Treaty of Nice amending the Treaty on European Union, the Treaties establishing the European Communities and certain related acts. OJEU C. Vol. 80. 10 March 2001. 12001C.
3. Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
4. "Parlamento Europeo: Distribución de los Eurodiputados españoles en grupos parlamentarios". Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 October 2021.
5. Marcos, Pilar (23 April 2004). "El PP designa a Mayor para que encabece su lista en las elecciones al Parlamento Europeo". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
6. "Borrell y Díez encabezarán la lista del PSOE para las elecciones europeas". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. 21 April 2004. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
7. Garriga, Josep (15 January 2004). "Ignasi Guardans sustituirá a Gasòliba como 'número uno' de CiU en las europeas". El País (in Spanish). Barcelona. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
8. Aymi, Oriol (25 April 2004). "CiU y ERC aprueban sus listas para las próximas elecciones europeas". El País (in Spanish). Tarragona. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
9. Elordi Cué, Carlos (22 April 2004). "La dirección de IU sanciona la lista europea con el apoyo del 68%". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
10. Agencias (8 May 2004). "Willy Meyer será el candidato de IU a las elecciones europeas" (in Spanish). Madrid: Cadena SER. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
11. Gastaminza, Genoveva (15 May 2004). "Una candidatura 'abertzale' de izquierdas y por la autodeterminación". El País (in Spanish). San Sebastián. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
12. "El BOE publica las 32 candidaturas para las europeas, incluida la de Herritarren Zerrenda". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. 18 May 2004. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
13. Martínez Lázaro, Julio (22 May 2004). "El Tribunal Supremo anula la candidatura de HZ a las elecciones europeas del 13-J". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
14. "Elecciones celebradas. Resultados electorales". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 April 2022.
15. "Elecciones Europeas 13 de junio de 2004". Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 October 2021.
16. Junta Electoral Central: "Acuerdo de 29 de junio de 2004, de la Junta Electoral Central, por el que se procede a la proclamación de Diputados electos al Parlamento Europeo en las elecciones celebradas el 13 de junio de 2004" (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (158): 24477. 1 July 2004. ISSN 0212-033X.

External links

• European elections Spain in Europe Politique.