1923 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election

The 1923 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election was held in February 1923 to determine the future leadership of the New Zealand Labour Party. The election was won by Buller MP Harry Holland, once again retaining office.

Background

Despite high hopes Labour had underperformed at the 1922 election. While the party had gained an extra nine seats in Parliament, it failed in its main objective to supersede the Liberal Party as the official opposition. The more moderate Labour MPs saw this as an opportunity to finally replace Harry Holland as leader of the party.^[1]

James McCombs proposed that an office in the Labour Party should not be held by one member for longer than one Parliamentary term at a time, which was seconded by Sullivan. Rather than challenge Holland himself personally, as had been the case in the previous leadership elections, the pair appealed to the democratic nature of the party and hoped it would appeal to the influx of new members.^[2]

Candidates

Harry Holland

Holland had been Labour's leader since 1919 surviving several leadership challenges (opposed in all by McCombs).^[3] Many supported him as leader due to his stern emphasis on teamwork and majority rule which gave his colleagues a certain amount of freedom to speak out on issues themselves, so long as they didn't directly contravene Holland himself.^[4]

Dan Sullivan

Dan Sullivan had been an MP since 1919 and at the time was Labour’s senior whip. He was a moderate and had supported all of the previous challenges against Holland by Jimmy McCombs. He was one of the mainly Christchurch based MPs who found Holland's leadership to be too autocratic and overbearing.^[1]

Result

The election was conducted through a members ballot by Labour's parliamentary caucus. Holland secured fourteen votes to Sullivan's three.^[2] Sullivan next stood for the Deputy-leader role, but was defeated by Holland's preferred candidate Michael Joseph Savage 11 votes to 16.^[5]

Leadership ballot

	Name	Votes	Percentage
	Harry Holland	14	82.35%
	Dan Sullivan	3	17.65%

Deputy-leadership ballot

	Name	Votes	Percentage
	Michael Joseph Savage	11	64.70%
	Dan Sullivan	6	35.30%

Aftermath

Harry Holland would continue to lead the Labour Party without any further challenges to his leadership until his death in 1933.^[4] Sullivan's failure to secure the Leader and Deputy-leader positions signaled to the moderate wing of the Labour Party that they were clearly the caucus minority.^[2] After his election as the deputy-chair, Savage proposed that the votes for leadership positions be held at the start of every new parliament rather than annually. After a long discussion, the motion was carried 10 votes to 5.^[5]

Notes

^ ^a ^b Watson, James. "Sullivan, Daniel Giles". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c Gee 1993, p. 78.
^ O'Farrell 1964, p. 122.
^ ^a ^b O'Farrell, Patrick. "Holland, Henry Edmund - Biography". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
^ ^a ^b Gustafson 1986, p. 114.

References

Gee, David (1993). My Dear Girl: A biography of Elizabeth and James McCombs. Christchurch: Treehouse. ISBN 0-473-02084-X.
O'Farrell, P.J. (1964). Harry Holland: Militant Socialist. Canberra, Australia: Australian National University Press.
Gustafson, Barry (1986). From the Cradle to the Grave: a biography of Michael Joseph Savage. Auckland: Reed Methuen. ISBN 0-474-00138-5.

[DNZB_Sullivan-1] Watson, James. "Sullivan, Daniel Giles". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 22 February 2016.

[FOOTNOTEGee199378-2] Gee 1993, p. 78.

[FOOTNOTEO'Farrell1964122-3] O'Farrell 1964, p. 122.

[DNZB_Holland-4] O'Farrell, Patrick. "Holland, Henry Edmund - Biography". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 22 February 2016.

[FOOTNOTEGustafson1986114-5] Gustafson 1986, p. 114.

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