Madarch mawr y maes

Madarch mawr y maes
Agaricus urinascens

Dosbarthiad gwyddonol
Teyrnas: Fungi
Dosbarth: Basidiomycota
Urdd: Agaricales
Teulu: Agaricaceae
Genws: Agaricus[*]
Rhywogaeth: Agaricus urinascens
Enw deuenwol
Agaricus urinascens
(Jul.Schäff. & F.H.Møller) Singer (1951)

Math a rhywogaeth o ffwng yn nheulu'r Agaricaceae yw'r Madarch mawr y maes (Lladin: Agaricus urinascens; Saesneg: Macro Mushroom).[1] 'Y Madarch Maes' yw'r enw ar lafar ar y grwp mae'r ffwng yma'n perthyn iddo, ond nid yw'n derm gwyddonol. Mae 'maes' yma'n cyfeirio at leoliad y ffwng, sef tir agored, cae fel arfer. Mae'r teulu Agaricaceae yn gorwedd o fewn urdd yr Agaricales.


Lliw sborau'r fadarchen hon yw purple-brown. O ran siâp, disgrifir y capan, neu gap y fadarchen fel un hanner sfferig. Gelwir y rhan oddi tan y capan yn hadbilen (neu'n 'hymeniwm') a cheir sawl math: arwyneb llyfn, tegyll, chwarennau (tyllau bychan), rhychau ayb; mae gan y fadarchen hon yr hyn a elwir yn: tegyll.

Ffyngau

Credir fod rhwng 2.2 a 3.8 miliwn o wahanol rywogaethau o ffwng, a'u bod yn perthyn yn nes at grwp yr anifeiliaid nag at blanhigion.[2] Gelwir yr astudiaeth o ffwng yn "feicoleg", sy'n dod o'r Groeg μύκης (mykes) sef 'madarchen'. Mae tua 120,000 o'r rhain wedi'u disgrifio gan naturiaethwyr megis Carolus Linnaeus, Christiaan Hendrik Persoon ac Elias Magnus Fries. Oherwydd mai prin iawn yw gwybodaeth gwyddonwyr am y pwnc hwn, mae tacson y ffyngau'n newid o ddydd i ddydd.[3] Credir bod oddeutu 20,000 o rywogaethau o ffyngau yng ngwledydd Prydain.

Aelodau eraill o deulu'r Agaricaceae

Mae gan Madarch mawr y maes ambell aelod arall yn y teulu hwn, gan gynnwys y canlynol:

Rhestr Wicidata:

rhywogaeth enw tacson delwedd
Acutocapillitium filiforme Acutocapillitium filiforme
Acutocapillitium torrendii Acutocapillitium torrendii
Arachnion album Arachnion album
Arachnion bovista Arachnion bovista
Arachnion iulii Arachnion iulii
Arachnion lazoi Arachnion lazoi
Arachnion lloydianum Arachnion lloydianum
Araneosa columellata Araneosa columellata
Coesyn pengrwn heglog Battarrea phalloides
Podaxis pistillaris Podaxis pistillaris
Diwedd y rhestr a gynhyrchwyd yn otomatig o Wicidata.

Gweler hefyd

Cyfeiriadau

  1. Gwefan y Bywiadur; CELl, lle ceir enwau safonol Cymraeg. Adalwyd 21 Chwefror 2020.
  2. Erthygl Fungal Diversity Revisited: 2.2 to 3.8 Million Species gan Hawksworth DL ac Lücking R yn y dyddlyfr Microbiology Spectrum, cyfrol 5, rhif 4, tud. 79–95. Cyhoeddwyd Gorffennaf 2017; Microbiology Spectrum; isbn=978-1-55581-957-6
  3. Gwefan palaeos.com; adalwyd 21 Chwefror 2020.
Safonwyd yr enw Madarch mawr y maes gan un o brosiectau . Mae cronfeydd data Llên Natur (un o brosiectau Cymdeithas Edward Llwyd) ar drwydded agored CC 4.0. Chwiliwch am ragor o wybodaeth ar y rhywogaeth hon ar wefan Llên Natur e.e. yr adran Bywiadur, a chyfrannwch er mwyn datblygu'r erthygl hon ymhellach.

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