Karcinom prostaty

Úmrtnost (přepočtená na 100000 obyvatel) na rakovinu prostaty v roce 2004.
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Karcinom prostaty[1] (nebo také rakovina prostaty) je v Evropě druhý nejčastější zhoubný nádor u mužů a třetí nejčastější příčina úmrtí mužů na maligní nádor.

Výskyt

Postihuje muže ve starším věku (nejčastěji kolem 70 let) a často probíhá bezpříznakově nebo jsou jeho projevy zpočátku mírné a pacient jim nevěnuje pozornost (potíže při močení apod.). Je-li objeven včas, má dobrou prognózu, v pokročilých stádiích metastazuje, zvláště do kostí. Problémem je ale také zbytečná diagnóza.[2]

V roce 2000 byl výskyt karcinomu prostaty v České republice 54,4/100 000 mužů.[3]

Příčina

Příčina rakoviny je nejistá. Faktory jsou věk, obezita a dědičnost. Může však jít i o virovou nákazu, kterou způsobuje lidský papilomavirus (HPV)[4] (způsobující také rakovinu u dělohy žen a detekovaný i u rakoviny konečníku a penisu)[5] spolu s EBV[6] či o herpes simplex virus (HSV).[7]

Prevence a léčba

Jako indikátor onemocnění slouží hodnota tzv. prostatického specifického antigenu, který byl objeven americkým patologem Richardem J. Ablinem v roce 1970. Ministerstvo zdravotnictví ČR v roce 2024 spustilo screeningový program časného záchytu karcinomu prostaty. Praktičtí lékaři a urologové v něm oslovovují muže od 50 do 69 let, kterým je pak vyšetřena hladina PSA z běžného odběru krve.[8]

Velice dobré výsledky přináší dle vědců léčba látkou, zvanou abirateron, jež je známa pod komerčním názvem Zytiga.[9]

Odkazy

Reference

  1. Rakovina (karcinom) prostaty | Mojeprostata.cz. www.mojeprostata.cz [online]. [cit. 2017-05-12]. Dostupné v archivu pořízeném z originálu dne 2020-06-22. 
  2. BRAWLEY, Otis W. Prostate cancer screening: Clinical applications and challenges☆. S. 353–357. Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations [online]. 2004. Roč. 22, čís. 4, s. 353–357. Dostupné online. DOI 10.1016/j.urolonc.2004.04.014. (anglicky) 
  3. Národní onkologický registr
  4. HISADA, M. Human Papillomavirus Antibody and Risk of Prostate Cancer. S. 340–a–341. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association [online]. 2000-01-19. Roč. 283, čís. 3, s. 340–a–341. Dostupné online. DOI 10.1001/jama.283.3.340-a. PMID 10647795. (anglicky) 
  5. STRICKLER, H. D.; GOEDERT, J. J. Sexual Behavior and Evidence for an Infectious Cause of Prostate Cancer. S. 144–151. Epidemiologic Reviews [online]. 2001-01-01. Roč. 23, čís. 1, s. 144–151. Dostupné online. DOI 10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a000781. (anglicky) 
  6. Two viruses link to prostate cancer: High-risk human papilloma virus found with Epstein Barr virus. ScienceDaily [online]. 2012-07-31 [cit. 2021-05-12]. Dostupné online. (anglicky) 
  7. DENNIS, Leslie K.; COUGHLIN, Julie A.; MCKINNON, Brittany C.; WELLS, Timothy S.; GAYDOS, Charlotte A.; HAMSIKOVA, Eva; GRAY, Gregory C. Sexually Transmitted Infections and Prostate Cancer among Men in the U.S. Military. S. 2665–2671. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention [online]. 2009-10-01. Roč. 18, čís. 10, s. 2665–2671. Dostupné online. DOI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-1167. (anglicky) 
  8. Program časného záchytu nádorů prostaty od ledna 2024
  9. Podařil se nám průlom v léčbě rakoviny prostaty, tvrdí vědci. Novinky.cz [online]. Borgis [cit. 2017-06-08]. Dostupné online. 

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