Bromid železitý

Bromid železitý
Systematický názevBromid železitý
Sumární vzorecFeBr3
VzhledHnědá látka
Identifikace
Registrační číslo CAS10031-26-2
Vlastnosti
Molární hmotnost295,56 g/mol
Teplota rozkladu200 °C (na FeBr2 a Br2)
Hustota4,5 g/cm3
Rozpustnost ve voděrozpustný
Struktura
Krystalová strukturaKlencová
Bezpečnost
Žíravý
Žíravý (C)
R-větyR36/37/38
S-větyS26 S37/39
Teplota vzníceníNení vznětlivý
Není-li uvedeno jinak, jsou použity
jednotky SI a STP (25 °C, 100 kPa).
Některá data mohou pocházet z datové položky.

Bromid železitý je hnědá krystalická anorganická sloučenina bez zápachu, patřící mezi bromidy, se vzorcem FeBr3. Jedná se o velice důležitou Lewisovu kyselinu, používanou v organické syntéze.

Výroba

Tato látka se průmyslově vyrábí reakcí bromu s železem:
2Fe + 3Br2 → 2FeBr3
Laboratorně lze tuto látku vyrábět reakcí železa (popřípadě oxidu železitého či uhličitanu železitého) s kyselina bromovodíkovou, dle rovnice:
2Fe + 6HBr → 2FeBr3 + 3H2
Fe2O3 + 6HBr → 2FeBr3 + 3H2O
 Fe2(CO3)3 + 6HBr → 2FeBr3 + 3H2O + 3CO2

Reakce

Při zahřívání nad 200 °C se tato látka rozpadá na FeBr2 a Br2, dle rovnice:
2FeBr3 —t→ 2FeBr2 + Br2
Jak již bylo zmíněno, tato látka se používá na organické syntézy, přesněji na bromaci a na alkylaci organických látek uhlovodíků.

Bromace benzenu za přítomnosti bromidu železitého. Nejprve dojde k navázání molekuly bromu na bromid železitý, následně tato molekula odštěpí atom vodíku z uhlovodíku, který zreaguje s FeBr5 železa za vzniku FeBr5H, který se rozpadne na bromovodík a na FeBr4−, který provede bromaci uhlovodíku.

Alkylace s touto látkou probíhá podobně, jako alkylace chlorderivátů za přítomnosti chloridu hlinitého, ale ten se nedá použít pro tyto účely, jelikož by k reakci nedošlo. Při použití bromderivátů se používá téměř výhradně bromid železitý. Reakce pak probíhá následovně (například reakce bromoethanu a toluenu):
CH3-CH2-Br + CH3C6H5 —FeBr3→ CH3-CH2+ + −CH2C6H5 + FeHBr4 —→ CH3-CH2-CH2C6H5 + HBr + FeBr3
Bromderiváty jsou obvykle dražší než chlorderiváty, nicméně mají nižší teplotu varu (např. bromethan je kapalina, zatímco chlorethan je plyn), a tak se s nimi zachází snadněji.

Bromidy s prvkem v oxidačním čísle III.
Bromid aktinitý (AcBr3) • Bromid hlinitý (AlBr3) • Bromid americitý (AmBr3) • Bromid arsenitý (AsBr3) • Bromid zlatitý (AuBr3) • Bromid boritý (BBr3) • Bromid bismutitý (BiBr3) • Bromid berkelitý (BkBr3) • Bromid ceritý (CeBr3) • Bromid kalifornitý (CfBr3) • Bromid curitý (CmBr3) • Bromid chromitý (CrBr3) • Bromid erbitý (ErBr3) • Bromid europitý (EuBr3) • Bromid železitý (FeBr3) • Bromid gadolinitý (GdBr3) • Bromid gallitý (GaBr3) • Bromid hafnitý (HfBr3) • Bromid holmitý (HoBr3) • Bromid joditý (IBr3) • Bromid inditý (InBr3) • Bromid iriditý (IrBr3) • Bromid lanthanitý (LaBr3) • Bromid lutecitý (LuBr3) • Bromid molybdenitý (MoBr3) • Bromid neodymitý (NdBr3) • Bromid niobitý (NbBr3) • Bromid neptunitý (NpBr3) • Bromid dusitý (NBr3) • Bromid fosforitý (PBr3) • Bromid osmitý (OsBr3) • Bromid praseodymitý (PrBr3) • Bromid platinitý (PtBr3) • Bromid plutonitý (PuBr3) • Bromid rhoditý (RhBr3) • Bromid rhenitý (Re3Br9) • Bromid ruthenitý (RuBr3) • Bromid antimonitý (SbBr3) • Bromid samaritý (SmBr3) • Bromid skanditý (ScBr3) • Bromid tantalitý (TaBr3) • Bromid terbitý (TbBr3) • Bromid thallitý (TlBr3) • Bromid titanitý (TiBr3) • Bromid uranitý (UBr3) • Bromid vanaditý (VBr3) • Bromid wolframitý (WBr3) • Bromid ytterbitý (YbBr3) • Bromid yttritý (YBr3) • Bromid zirkonitý (ZrBr3)

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