Química organoarsènica

Un compost organoarsènic dins la química organoarsènica, és un compost químic que conté algun enllaç químic entre àtoms d'arsènic i carboni. La química organoarsènica estudia les seves propietats químiques i reactivitat. Uns pocs compostos organoarsènics, també anomenats compostos organoarsenicals, es produeixen industrialment per a ser usats com insecticida, herbicida i fungicida. En general, aquestes aplicacions estan en disminució pel seu impacte negatiu sobre el medi ambient i la salut humana. El compost primigeni del qual deriven els altres és l'arsina. Hi ha biomolècules amb organoarsènic.[1]

Història

El compost organoarsènic més antic és el pudent cacodil, registrat l'any 1760. El compost farmacèutic de tipus organoarsènic salvarsan va contribuir al premi Nobel atorgat a Paul Ehrlich.

Síntesi i classificació

L'arsènic es troba normalment en estat d'oxidació (III) i (V), tal com es veu en els halurs ASX₃ (X = F, Cl, Br, I) i AsF₅. Per tant, els compostos organoarsènics es troben normalment en aquests dos estadis d'oxidació.[2]

Els àcids fenilarsònics es poden obtenir per reacció de l'àcid arsènic amb anilina en l'anomenada reacció de Béchamp.

Són coneguts diversos heterocíclics que contenen arsènic (III). Aquests inclouen l'arsole, anàleg d'arsènic del pirrole, i l'arsabenzè, anàleg arsènic de la piridina.

Compostos organoarsènics representatius

Organoarsènic R Massa molar Nombre CAS Propietats
10,10'-oxibis-10H-fenoxarsina 10,10'-oxybis-10H-Phenoxarsine 502.2318 58-36-6
Trifenilarsina Fenil Triphenylarsine 306.23 603-32-7 Punt de fusió 58-61 °C
Fenildicloroarsina fenil, clor Fenildicloroarsina 222.93 696-28-6
Roxarsona Roxarsona 263.04 121-19-7
Arsenobetaïna Arsenobetaïna 64436-13-1
Compostos organoarsènics representatius[3]

Referències

  1. Organoarsenic Compounds: Arsphenamine, Phenyldichloroarsine, Organoarsenic Chemistry, Trimethylarsine, Lewisite, Arsabenzene. General Books LLC, 2010. ISBN 1157622615
  2. Sabina C. Grund, Kunibert Hanusch, Hans Uwe Wolf "Arsenic and Arsenic Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, VCH-Wiley, 2008, Weinheim.
  3. [enllaç sense format] http://www.sigmaaldrich.com

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