Обикновена хидра

Обикновена хидра
Червена книга на България
LC
Незастрашен
Класификация
царство:Животни (Animalia)
тип:Мешести (Cnidaria)
клас:Хидровидни (Hydrozoa)
разред:Anthoathecata
семейство:Хидрови (Hydridae)
род:Хидри (Hydra)
вид:Обикновена хидра (H. vulgaris)
Научно наименование
Pallas, 1766
Обикновена хидра в Общомедия
[ редактиране ]

Обикновената хидра (Hydra vulgaris) е широко разпространена в България в застояли или много бавно течащи води, богати на растителност. Тя стои обикновено прилепена към растенията, близо до водната повърхност. Понякога се заселва и върху бавно подвижни обекти – черупки на охлюви или къщички на насекомни ларви.

Устройство

Скица на обикновена хидра

Тялото ѝ е повече или по-малко цилиндрично. Долният край е превърнат в прикрепителен диск, с който хидрата временно се прилепва към предметите. В горния край са разположени пипалата, между основата на които е устата. Пипалата са дълги, тънки, с голяма възможност за свиване и разпускане. Стените на тялото са съставени от за два пласта клетки: външен – ектодермален, и вътрешен – ендодермален. Между тях разположена тънка безструктурна мембрана. По цялото тяло, но най-вече по пипалата, са разпръснати копривни клетки. Това са клетки с голяма вакуола, в която има силно парлива и парализираща течност с навита в нея нишка. При дразнене клетката се пука, нишката се изхвърля и обвива или пробожда нападателя. Парализиращата течност действа мигновено върху живите организми.

Хранене

Хидрата се храни с дребни живи организми – рачета и други, които улавя и поднася към устата с пипалата си.

Регенерация

Хидрата има силни регенерационни възможности. Могат да възстановят и най-малките частици от тялото си.

Размножаване

Пъпкуване на хидра

Хидрата се размножава чрез пъпкуване и по полов път. При пъпкуването новите индивиди се развиват като пъпка върху тялото, нарастват, появяват се зачатъци на пипала и новият индивид се откъсва от тялото на майката.

При полово размножаване най-напред започва образуването на половите продукти. На определени места по тялото се появяват подутини с различна форма. Едни са с почти правилна полусферична форма – подутини, в които се образуват яйца, а други са по-заострени – в тях се образуват сперматозоиди. След оплождането от яйцето се развива нова хидра.[1]

Източници

  1. Ангелов, Павел. Атлас по Зоология. 1982.[посочете страница]

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