Голям вечерник

Голям вечерник
Природозащитен статут
VU
Уязвим[1]
Класификация
царство:Животни (Animalia)
(без ранг):Вторичноустни (Deuterostomia)
тип:Хордови (Chordata)
(без ранг):Ръкоперки (Sarcopterygii)
(без ранг):Тетраподоморфи (Tetrapodomorpha)
(без ранг):Стегоцефали (Stegocephalia)
(без ранг):Амниоти (Amniota)
(без ранг):Синапсиди (Synapsida)
(без ранг):Терапсиди (†Therapsida)
(без ранг):Зверозъби влечуги (Theriodontia)
клас:Бозайници (Mammalia)
(без ранг):Еутерии (Eutheria)
клон:Apo-Chiroptera
разред:Прилепи (Chiroptera)
семейство:Гладконоси прилепи (Vespertilionidae)
род:Вечерници (Nyctalus)
вид:Голям вечерник (N. lasiopterus)
Научно наименование
(Schreber, 1780)
Разпространение
Голям вечерник в Общомедия
[ редактиране ]

Големите вечерници (Nyctalus lasiopterus) са вид дребни бозайници от семейство Гладконоси прилепи (Vespertilionidae). Разпространени са в по-голямата част от Европа до Мала Азия и басейна на Каспийско море. В България се срещат рядко, в няколко отделни находища в Странджа и Рила.[2]

С дължина на тялото и главата 78-104 mm, размах на крилата 410-450 mm и маса 45-76 g големият вечерник е най-едрият прилеп, срещащ се в Европа. [3] Цветът му е кафяв, по-тъмен по ушите и летателните мембрани. Черепът е масивен, подобен на този на ръждивия вечерник (Nyctalus noctula), като в миналото част от изследователите са смятали, това са две форми на един и същ вид.[2]

Големият вечерник обитава хралупи на дървета в широколистни гори. Образува малки колонии, рядко надхвърлящи 10 екземпляра, като често отделни екземпляри живеят в колонии на други видове. Известно е, че поне в някои части на ареала извършва сезонни миграции. През юни женските раждат по едно, рядко по две, малки. При полет големият вечерник се ориентира чрез ехолокация, като използва смесен сигнал с кратка честотномодулирана част и по-дълга част с постоянна честота около 20 kHz. Храни се с едри насекоми, главно бръмбари и пеперуди, които улавя в полет на относително голяма височина.[2]

Източници

  1. ↑ Nyctalus lasiopterus (Schreber, 1780). // IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Посетен на 2 януари 2023 г. (на английски)
  2. ↑ а б в Пешев, Цоло. Фауна на България. Т. 27. Mammalia. София, Академично издателство „Проф. Марин Дринов“, 2004. ISBN 954-430-860-1. с. 252-254.
  3. ↑ Nyctalus lasiopterus - Science for Nature Foundation

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