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Trimethadione
Clinical data
Trade names	Tridione
AHFS/Drugs.com	Micromedex Detailed Consumer Information
Pregnancy; category	X;
Routes of; administration	By mouth
ATC code	N03AC02 (WHO) ;
Legal status
Legal status	In general: ℞ (Prescription only);
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	High
Metabolism	Demethylated to dimethadione
Elimination half-life	12–24 hours (trimethadione); 6–13 days (dimethadione)
Excretion	Renal
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 3,5,5-Trimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione;
CAS Number	127-48-0 ;
PubChem CID	5576;
IUPHAR/BPS	7316;
DrugBank	DB00347 ;
ChemSpider	5374 ;
UNII	R7GV3H6FQ4;
KEGG	D00392 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:9727;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL695 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID9021396 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.004.406
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C6H9NO3
Molar mass	143.142 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES O=C1N(C(=O)OC1(C)C)C;
	InChI InChI=1S/C6H9NO3/c1-6(2)4(8)7(3)5(9)10-6/h1-3H3 ; Key:IRYJRGCIQBGHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	(verify)

Trimethadione (Tridione) is an oxazolidinedione anticonvulsant. It is most commonly used to treat epileptic conditions that are resistant to other treatments.

It is primarily effective in treating absence seizures, but can also be used in refractory temporal lobe epilepsy. It is usually administered 3 or 4 times daily, with the total daily dose ranging from 900 mg to 2.4 g. Treatment is most effective when the concentration of its active metabolite, dimethadione, is above 700 μg/mL. Severe adverse reactions are possible, including Steven Johnson syndrome, nephrotoxicity, hepatitis, aplastic anemia, neutropenia, or agranulocytosis. More common adverse effects include drowsiness, hemeralopia, and hiccups.^[1]^[2]

Fetal trimethadione syndrome

If administered during pregnancy, fetal trimethadione syndrome may result causing facial dysmorphism (short upturned nose, slanted eyebrows), cardiac defects, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and mental retardation. The fetal loss rate while using trimethadione has been reported to be as high as 87%.^[3]

References

^ American Medical Association Dept of Drugs (1977). AMA Drug Evaluations (3rd ed.). Littleton, Mass.: Pub. Sciences Group. p. 466. ISBN 978-0-88416-175-2. OCLC 1024170745.
^ Rodman MJ, Smith DW (1979). Pharmacology and Drug Therapy in Nursing. Lippincott. p. 259. ISBN 978-0-39754-230-7.
^ Teratology and Drug Use During Pregnancy Retrieved January 2007